A compact low energy proton source.

A low energy proton source for non-neutral plasma experiments was developed. Electrons from a hot filament ionize H2 gas inside a geometrically compensated Penning trap to produce protons via dissociative ionization. A rotating wall electric field destabilizes the unwanted H2+ and H3+ generated in the process while concentrating protons at the center of the trap. The source produces bunches of protons with relatively low ion contamination (5.5% H2+ and 15.5% H3+), with energy tunable from 35 to 300 eV.

Near-Threshold Ionization of Argon by Positron Impact.

The direct single-ionization cross section for Ar by positron impact has been measured in the region above the first ionization threshold. These measurements are compared to semiclassical calculations which give rise to a power law variation of the cross section in the threshold region. The experimental results appear to be in disagreement with extensions to the Wannier theory applied to positron impact ionization, with a smaller exponent than that calculated by most previous works. In fact, in this work, we see no difference in threshold behavior between the positron and electron cases. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

A source of antihydrogen for in-flight hyperfine spectroscopy.

Antihydrogen, a positron bound to an antiproton, is the simplest antiatom. Its counterpart-hydrogen--is one of the most precisely investigated and best understood systems in physics research. High-resolution comparisons of both systems provide sensitive tests of CPT symmetry, which is the most fundamental symmetry in the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. Any measured difference would point to CPT violation and thus to new physics. Here we report the development of an antihydrogen source using a cusp trap for in-flight spectroscopy. A total of 80 antihydrogen atoms are unambiguously detected 2.7 m downstream of the production region, where perturbing residual magnetic fields are small. This is a major step towards precision spectroscopy of the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using Rabi-like beam spectroscopy.

Simultaneous ionization and excitation of molecules by positron impact.

Cross sections for ionization excitation of molecules by positron impact have been measured for the first time by scattering a positron beam from CO2 and N2. The cross sections have been observed to exceed those for electron impact by up to a factor of approximately 3 for CO2 and approximately 5 for N2. The enhancement arises primarily via positronium formation. The cross sections account for up to approximately 12% and 20% of the total cross sections for positron scattering from N2 and CO2, respectively.

Excited-state positronium formation from helium, argon, and xenon.

The cross sections for the formation of positronium in the 2P state in collisions of positrons with He, Ar, and Xe atoms have been determined by measuring coincidences between the remnant ion and the Lyman-alpha photon from positronium. The maximum fractional contributions of these to the total Ps formation cross sections increase from approximately 0.06+/-0.01 in He to 0.12+/-0.04 in Ar and 0.26+/-0.09 in Xe. In the case of He, good agreement is found with a coupled-state calculation; for Ar and Xe, measurements are compared with a distorted-wave Born approximation.