Influence of microwave heating on bioactive properties, phenolic compounds and fatty acid profiles of pomegranate seed oil.

In this study, the effects of different microwave powers on the bioactive properties, fatty acid and phenolic profiles of pomegranate seed oil were reported using various analytical methods, GC and HPLC. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic values of pomegranate seed oils were established between 14.16% (control) and 19.18% (720 and 900 W) to 0.00 (900 W) and 3.61 mgGAE/100 g (control), respectively. The viscosity values of pomegranate seed oil increased with the heat treatment. But, the viscosity of the oils increased with the applied Watt increase. The p-coumaric acid amounts of the seed oils heated at 180, 720 and 900 W in the microwave were found to be statistically similar. In general, phenolic compounds of pomegranate seed oils did not show a constant increase or decrease depending on microwave power. The key fatty acid of pomegranate seed oil was punisic acid (30.49-36.10%). followed by linoleic acid (25.95-30.01%).

Changes in antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and mineral contents of raw, germinated, and boiled lentil seeds.

Lipid contents of lentil seeds were determined between 1.02% (germinated) and 1.23% (boiled). Total phenolic and flavonoid amounts of processed lentils were detected between 45.32 mgGAE/100 g (germinated) and 68.02 mgGAE/100 g (control) to 70.95 mgQE/100 g (germinated) and 199.52 mgQE/100 g (control), respectively. Also, antioxidant activity values of lentil seeds were detected between 0.70 mgTE/kg (germinated) and 3.35 mgTE/kg (boiled). The major phenolic compounds of raw, germinated, and boiled lentil seeds were gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catechin. While oleic acid amounts of lentil oils vary between 33.22% (control) and 47.72% (germinated), linoleic acid amounts of lentil oils were detected between 26.40% (germinated) and 40.91% (boiled). In addition, linolenic acid amounts of lentil oils were determined between 4.12% (germinated) and 6.97% (boiled).The key minerals of raw, germinated, and boiled lentil seeds were P, K, Mg, and S. However, according to the results, it was determined that lentils are a good source of potassium. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Lentil is one of the oldest known food products used only in human food. Lentils are an excellent source of phytochemical nutrients. Lentils are widely used in salads, casseroles, and soups as well as in vegetarian cuisine. Lentil is considered a good source of energy along with high fiber content. Germination plays an important role in reducing nonnutritive compounds in legumes.

Effect of conventional oven roasting treatment on the physicochemical quality attributes of sesame seeds obtained from different locations.

The impacts of conventional oven roasting at different temperatures and for different times on the physicochemical attributes of sesame seeds obtained from different regions was assessed. The color characteristics (a*, b*, and L* values), ash, moisture, protein, oil, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity of raw sesame seeds and the peroxide value, p-anisidine, fatty acids, and tocopherols of sesame oil varied with source. Oven roasting temperature and time significantly affected the physicochemical properties and bioactive components of sesame seeds and the oil quality from different countries. Roasting variably increased the a* value, antioxidant activity, protein, oil, total phenolic, and tocopherol content, and p-anisidine and peroxide values, whereas it reduced b* and L* values, moisture, and linolenic acid content of sesame seeds from different countries. Roasting conditions and growing locations affected the physiochemical composition and bioactive compounds of seeds. Such factors can influence the quality attributes of sesame seeds and oil and should be considered during processing.

Effect of different microwave power setting on quality of chia seed oil obtained in a cold press.

This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of microwave heating treatments at different powers (0, 180, 360, 540, 720 and 900Watts) on the quality attributes of chia seed oil. Linoleic acid contents of the chia seed oil heated in microwave oven changed between 19.21% (900 W) and 21.17% (control), respectively (p < 0.05). Linolenic acid contents of heated chia seed oils varied between 66.84% (900 W) and 68.71% (control). α-Tocopherol and ß-tocopherol contents of the chia oil samples varied between 47.71 mg/100 g (900 W) and 51.17 mg/100 g (control) to 62.58 mg/100 g (900 W) and 67.81 mg/100 g (control), respectively. While caffeic acid contents of the oils change between 0.27 mg/g (900 W) and 3.84 mg/g (control), rosmarinic acid contents of chia seed oils were found between 1.32 mg/g (900 W) and 3.17 mg/g (control). Results reflect a change in the chemical structures of the chia oil. Overall, much care should be taken when roasting chia seeds in microwave to avoid lossess in the bioactive components of chia oil.

The Effect of Solvent Type and Roasting Processes on Physico-Chemical Properties of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) Tuber Oil.

In this study, physico-chemical properties of raw and roasted tigernut oils extracted by two different solvents were determined. Peroxide values of raw and roasted tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane solvents changed between 0.83 and 0.91 meqO2/100g to 1.57 and 1.63 meqO2/100g, respectively. While oleic acid contents of raw tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane are determined as 66.83 and 67.47%, oleic acid contents of roasted tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane were determined as 67.08 and 68.16%, respectively. The highest δ-tocopherol content was found in raw tigernut oil extracted by petroleum ether (54.91 mg/100g), while the lowest level is determined in roasted tigernut oil by n-hexane (50.77 mg/100g). As a result, the fatty acid profiles of roasted tigernut oil extracted by n-hexane were higher compared to results of raw tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether (p < 0.05).

The effect of microwave roasting on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of apricot kernel and oils.

In this study, the effect of microwave (360W, 540W and 720W) oven roasting on oil yields, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid composition of some apricot kernel and oils was investigated. While total phenol contents of control group of apricot kernels change between 54.41mgGAE/100g (Sogancioglu) and 59.61mgGAE/100g (Hasanbey), total phenol contents of kernel samples roasted in 720W were determined between 27.41mgGAE/100g (Çataloglu) and 34.52mgGAE/100g (Sogancioglu). Roasting process in microwave at 720W caused the reduction of some phenolic compounds of apricot kernels. The gallic acid contents of control apricot kernels ranged between 7.23mg/100g (Kabaasi) and 11.23mg/100g (Çataloglu) whereas the gallic acid contents of kernels roasted in 540W changed between 15.35mg/100g (Sogancioglu) and 21.17mg/100g (Çataloglu). In addition, oleic acid contents of control group oils vary between 65.98% (Sogancioglu) and 71.86% (Hasanbey), the same fatty acid ranged from 63.48% (Sogancioglu) to 70.36% (Hasanbey).