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1.
Materials (Basel) ; 17(11)2024 May 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38893764

ABSTRACT

Low-grade limestone (LGL) is not used to produce cement clinker, but this leftover material in cement quarries increases the water demand when used as a filler in concrete production. In this study, the effect of six commercial superplasticizers on the performance of cement mixes containing 35% LGL and 2% gypsum was investigated. The optimal doses of these superplasticizers were found in a range of different water/binder (w/b) ratios by conducting several Marsh cone and mini-slump tests. The addition of a superplasticizer with a higher active solid content produced a maximum cement flow, regardless of the w/b ratios. The LGL-based mortar samples admixed with this superplasticizer obtained a maximum compressive strength of about 36 MPa at the end of 28 days. SEM and XRD results showed the formation of a new calcium-rich mineral in their microstructure. These findings highlight the impact of the type and properties of superplasticizers on the performance of concrete mixes containing LGL as a supplementary cementitious material.

2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38762826

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The variations in interproximal contact areas have been categorised open (O), point (X), straight (I), and curved contact (S). This is based on their shapes and termed as OXIS classification. The interactive OXIS calibration website was developed to assist researchers seeking appropriate knowledge, minimise the overload of material, optimise efficiency in calibration and, to provide repositories for clinicians, healthcare workers, and policymakers. METHODS: The website was developed in two phases. The first phase of development included expert group discussion, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and the implementation of FGD recommendations. The second phase emphasised registration and development of the interactive web portal on OXIS classification. The developed website was subjected to user experience testing, functional testing, performance testing, security testing, device, platform testing, and then hosted. Calibrated students and faculties evaluated it with the help of Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) and System Usability Scale (SUS). Finally, after amendments, the website was evaluated by non-calibrated researchers and multidisciplinary experts. RESULTS: The total agreement was 74% for overall SAM category. Pooled mean total score of SUS was 52.7 (SD 7.17; range 45-67.5), indicating an average score. CONCLUSION: The content of the developed website has been evaluated as "satisfactory" and its technical quality as "of higher standards".

3.
Caries Res ; 55(5): 554-562, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34293739

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained interventions in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective, nonrandomized interventional cohort study was conducted in infants aged 0-12 months with congenital CLP. Interventions were given to parents/primary caregivers in the form of combined oral health-care measures (sterile wet gauze piece, finger brush, toothbrush, and toothpaste) by a motivational interviewing approach. Education of primary caregivers on oral hygiene was provided by audiovisual aids and demonstration. Reinforcement of the prescribed regimen was done through daily short message services in caregivers' preferred language and bimonthly telephone calls. Participants were followed up for 9-32 months from the time of recruitment, with a mean period of 18.3 ± 5.1 months. Rates of dental caries were represented as prevalence rates, incidence density, and transitional probability. The distribution of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores on different tooth surfaces affected in the intervention group was compared descriptively with that of the age- and sex-matched historical control groups. On analysis of surface-wise distribution of the ICDAS scores in the intervention group (n = 1,919), 1.2% (n = 24) had noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1 and 2), 0.88% (n = 17) had cavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 3-6), and 0.26% (n = 5) had both cavitated and noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1-6). The incidence density of caries-affected children observed at the first and last follow-ups was 1.2 persons/100 person-months and 1.3 persons/100 person-months of observation, respectively. The incidence density of new caries-affected tooth surfaces at the first and last follow-ups was 0.163 surfaces/100 surface-months and 0.062 surfaces/100 surface-months, respectively. Maxillary first molars had the maximum transition from sound to the cavitated lesion (11.5%), followed by maxillary incisors from sound to noncavitated (7.5%) at the last follow-up. Based on the newly developed assessment criteria in our study, sustained interventions proved to be significantly effective in preventing ECC in children with CLP.


Subject(s)
Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Dental Caries , Child , Child, Preschool , Cleft Lip/epidemiology , Cleft Lip/prevention & control , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Cleft Palate/prevention & control , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Humans , Infant , Prospective Studies
4.
Indian J Dent Res ; 32(4): 537-540, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35645085

ABSTRACT

In the present era, the use of drugs is an important paradigm of health care. Reactions to drugs range from minor cutaneous reactions to potentially lethal conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. A 13-year-old, male patient, known case of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome was referred from the pediatric ward for the management of oral mucosal lesions, post consumption of the antibiotic combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Failure of lesion regression led to the change in the treatment plan, speculating an allergic reaction to one of the components of the initial treatment medication (choline salicylate) as well. Identification and withdrawal of the offending medication and rendering supportive care along with treatment of the lesions with topical corticosteroids form the outline of management. This case report demonstrates the approach undertaken by the pediatric dentist to cure the oral mucosal lesions in symbiosis with pediatricians, ophthalmologists and nutritionists to cure this life-threatening condition.


Subject(s)
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Glucocorticoids , Humans , Male , Salicylates , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/diagnosis , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/drug therapy , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/etiology
5.
Front Oral Health ; 2: 670154, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35048013

ABSTRACT

Aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) has significant public health implications but has received inadequate global attention. There is limited information regarding the success of oral health policies implemented to address the challenges of ECC. This review aimed to summarize such policies to tackle ECC from different countries/regions. Method: Independent collaborators from 14 countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nigeria, Thailand, UK, USA, and Venezuela) collected the data. The ECC status, dental workforce, oral health policies on ECC prevention in different countries/regions were summarized by each country. Results: The findings indicated that ECC prevalence varied in different countries/regions. The lowest prevalence of ECC among 5-year-old children was found in Nigeria (7%), and the highest was found in Indonesia (90%). The existing dental workforce and resources are limited in most countries. The smallest dentist to population ratio was reported by Nigeria at 1:48,400, whereas the highest ratio was in Brazil (1:600). Out of 14, three (21%) countries namely India, Venezuela and Cambodia had no national oral health policies addressing ECC and four (29%) countries (Cambodia, China, India, Venezuela) had no publicly funded dental care program for 0-5-year-old children. Water fluoridation is available in four countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, USA). Conclusion: ECC remains a global health challenge and dental workforce is limited. National/regional programs to tackle ECC are not yet prioritized in many countries/regions. Evidence to support demonstration projects is limited. Further research on the cost-effectiveness of interventions strategies is required for policymakers.

6.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol ; 48(6): 471-479, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32673445

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Feeding practices adopted by parents play a critical role in the development of children's taste preferences, eating habits, nutrition and eventual weight status. Many scales have been developed to assess feeding practices among children of various age groups. This paper aimed to construct and validate a robust scale for the comprehensive assessment of sleep-time feeding practices for children aged 0-3 years and to establish the risk of developing Early Childhood Caries (ECC). METHODS: There were multiple phases to the development of the scale: (a) formation of a conceptual framework, (b) systematic development of an item pool, (c) refinement of the item pool by focus group discussion, cognitive interviewing and pretesting, (d) validity testing and (e) reliability testing. The conceptual framework was built based on four broad constructs: breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, other feeding modes and 'tooth and diet' constructs. Reviews of existing scales in related areas were instrumental in scale development and helped to generate an initial pool of 45 items, which was finally refined to 28 items. RESULTS: Cognitive interviews by the 'think-aloud protocol' helped to reduce ambiguity and maximize clarity of the questions. Pretesting the scale aided increased comprehension and specificity. Face and content validity were corroborated by 'subject matter experts' who endorsed the suitability and appropriateness of items. Reliability was assessed by test-retest, and a near-perfect agreement was obtained in 96% of the items. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first validated scale currently available for recording sleep-time feeding practices of children less than three years of age. This 28-item scale can be applied as a potential clinical scale to record sleep-time feeding history and the risk of developing ECC as well as a research scale to investigate the association of sleep-time feeding practices with ECC.


Subject(s)
Diet , Feeding Behavior , Breast Feeding , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Reproducibility of Results , Sleep , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Materials (Basel) ; 12(19)2019 Sep 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31554321

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we comparitvley studied acetic acid attacks on geopolymer (GP-M), calcium aluminate (CAC-M), and Portland cement (PC-M)-based mortars. Consequent formations of deteriorated or transition layers surrounding the unaltered core material was classified in these three mortars, according to different degradation levels depending on what binder type was involved. Apart from mass loss, hardness, and deterioration depth, their microstructural alterations were analyzed using test methods such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TGA-DSC), which showed the different mechanisms for each binder type. Elemental maps revealed the decalcification (PC-M and CAC-M) and depolymerization (GP-M) that occurred across the mortar sections. The mass loss, hardness, and porosity were the least affected for GP-M, followed by CAC-M. These results points out that geopolymer-based mortars have improved acid resistance, which can be used as a potential alternative to conventional cement concretes that have been exposed to agro-industrial environments.

8.
Oral Health Prev Dent ; 17(3): 277-282, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30874254

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess (i) the prevalence of extrinsic stains in preschool children (ii) the correlation between extrinsic stains and the occurrence of early childhood caries (ECC) (iii) to compare the distribution of caries in pits and fissures, smooth surfaces or both among children with and without extrinsic stains. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,486 children aged 0-3 years. Extrinsic stain and ECC were scored by two calibrated examiners. Correlation between ECC pattern and extrinsic stains was analysed by logistic regression. Caries distribution in fissures, smooth surfaces or both were analysed using Mann Whitney test and Pearson chi-squared test. RESULTS: The prevalence of extrinsic stains among 0-3 years children was 6.2%. Children with extrinsic stain had a 1.13-fold greater chance of exhibiting ECC (OR = 1.132, 95% CI: 0.739-1.733). Statistically significant differences were found for fissure caries (p < 0.0002) and both smooth surface and fissure caries (p < 0.0328) among children in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of ECC appears to have surface-specific variations in children with and without extrinsic stains. However, the interaction of these individual factors and their impact on oral health outcomes needs to be identified through further research.


Subject(s)
Coloring Agents , Dental Caries , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Prevalence
9.
Int J Paediatr Dent ; 28(6): 561-569, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29992696

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dental trauma is not uncommon. The initial management provided at the time of injury is critical in predicting prognosis. However, initial management depends on correct diagnosis. Recently an App named 'Injured Tooth' was made available to diagnose traumatic injuries to the teeth and supporting structures. AIM: To test the diagnostic ability of the Injured Tooth App compared with the conventional method of diagnosing traumatic injuries to the teeth. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted at three different centres with 176 patients aged 0-15 years, having 201 injured teeth. Diagnosis of the injured teeth in these children at every centre was done independently by one experienced faculty using the traditional method and by a student using the Injured Tooth App. RESULTS: Injured Tooth App gave a correct diagnosis for 197 teeth included in the study. Statistical analysis showed that there was good agreement (Kappa = 0.973) between the diagnosis given by the App and the experienced faculty. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that the diagnosis given by the Injured Tooth App was in good agreement with the diagnosis given by an experienced faculty. Hence, the App can be successfully used by dental students to arrive at diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Mobile Applications , Smartphone , Tooth Injuries/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Faculty, Dental , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Soft Tissue Injuries/diagnosis , Students, Dental , Tooth, Deciduous/injuries
10.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; 3: CD011930, 2018 03 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29502332

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Post-extraction bleeding (PEB) is a recognised, frequently encountered complication in dental practice, which is defined as bleeding that continues beyond 8 to 12 hours after dental extraction. The incidence of post-extraction bleeding varies from 0% to 26%. If post-extraction bleeding is not managed, complications can range from soft tissue haematomas to severe blood loss. Local causes of bleeding include soft tissue and bone bleeding. Systemic causes include platelet problems, coagulation disorders or excessive fibrinolysis, and inherited or acquired problems (medication induced). There is a wide array of techniques suggested for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding, which include interventions aimed at both local and systemic causes. This is an update of a review published in June 2016. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of interventions for treating different types of post-extraction bleeding. SEARCH METHODS: Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 24 January 2018), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2017, Issue 12), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 24 January 2018), Embase Ovid (1 May 2015 to 24 January 2018) and CINAHL EBSCO (1937 to 24 January 2018). The US National Institutes of Health Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. We searched the reference lists of relevant systematic reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any intervention for treating PEB, with male or female participants of any age, regardless of type of teeth (anterior or posterior, mandibular or maxillary). Trials could compare one type of intervention with another, with placebo, or with no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three pairs of review authors independently screened search records. We obtained full papers for potentially relevant trials. If data had been extracted, we would have followed the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for the statistical analysis. MAIN RESULTS: We did not find any randomised controlled trial suitable for inclusion in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to identify any reports of randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effects of different interventions for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding. In view of the lack of reliable evidence on this topic, clinicians must use their clinical experience to determine the most appropriate means of treating this condition, depending on patient-related factors. There is a need for well designed and appropriately conducted clinical trials on this topic, which conform to the CONSORT statement (www.consort-statement.org/).


Subject(s)
Oral Hemorrhage/therapy , Postoperative Hemorrhage/therapy , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Oral Hemorrhage/etiology , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology
11.
Oral Health Prev Dent ; 15(3): 215-221, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28674702

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To summarise the evidence for the efficacy of oral health educational programmes provided to expectant mothers for preventing Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and to determine the most effective intervention programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search strategy included clinical trials in the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, LILACS and ClinicalKey (up to 26 August 2013) in English. Reference lists of identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and review articles were also hand searched. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The search identified 392 studies, only four of which were included. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the GRADE approach. Results showed statistically significant decreases in caries incidence (RR = 0.18, 95% CI [from 0.06 to 0.52]) in one study. Meta-analysis could not be performed. CONCLUSION: Oral health educational programmes for expectant mothers may have a positive impact in preventing ECC, although the evidence is weak.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/prevention & control , Oral Health/education , Patient Education as Topic , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
12.
Int J Paediatr Dent ; 27(3): 191-200, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27438341

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) continues to be the most common public health issue in developing countries. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of ECC in 0- to 3-year-old children from rural areas of South India, using the ICDAS. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1486 children aged 0-3 years in South India. Two calibrated examiners performed the oral examinations using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria. Data analysis involved the use of the new ICDAS epidemiological software tool. RESULTS: Prevalence of ECC in studied child population was 40.6%. Among the 604 children with ECC, only non-cavitated teeth were present in 314 children, and only cavitated teeth were present in 84 children. The remaining 206 children had both cavitated and non-cavitated teeth. Interesting lesion behavior was observed in 27 children, who had enamel lesions in mandibular canines only, in an otherwise sound dentition. On examining the teeth surfaces affected (n = 102,274), 50.3% had non-cavitated surfaces and 49.7% had cavitated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the high prevalence of ECC in this population and the need to consider early diagnosis and specific preventive interventions. The authors of this study have also addressed their views about the use of ICDAS software tool.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/epidemiology , Developing Countries , Epidemiological Monitoring , Rural Population , Software , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India , Infant , Male
13.
J Clin Pediatr Dent ; 40(3): 215-20, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27472569

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the permeability of the enamel of primary teeth from individuals free of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) with that from individuals affected with ECC by assessment of dye penetration using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental in vitro study. Exfoliated primary maxillary anterior teeth (n = 44) were collected and divided into two groups (n=22 per group): samples with ECC (Group 1) and without ECC (Group 2). The samples were immersed in Rhodamine B dye solution for 1 day, cut longitudinally into 3 sections, observed using LSCM. Dye penetration depths in the incisal, middle, cervical thirds and on labial, lingual surfaces were recorded. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%, p < .005). RESULTS: The overall mean penetration depth for group 1 (100.6 µm ± 58.48 µm) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (31.55 µm ± 23.40 µm, p < .000). Mean penetration depth in the incisal, middle, and cervical thirds and on the labial and lingual surfaces of group 1 also presented significantly higher scores than in group 2 (p < .005). CONCLUSION: There was significantly more dye penetration in the ECC group than in the non-ECC group. This could be related to a higher level of enamel permeability in teeth affected with ECC.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/metabolism , Dental Enamel Permeability/physiology , Tooth, Deciduous/metabolism , Child, Preschool , Cuspid/diagnostic imaging , Cuspid/metabolism , Dental Caries/diagnostic imaging , Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacokinetics , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Incisor/diagnostic imaging , Incisor/metabolism , Microscopy, Confocal , Rhodamines/pharmacokinetics , Tooth Cervix/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Cervix/metabolism , Tooth Crown/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Crown/metabolism , Tooth, Deciduous/diagnostic imaging
14.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; (6): CD011930, 2016 Jun 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27285450

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Post-extraction bleeding (PEB) is a recognised, frequently encountered complication in dental practice, which is defined as bleeding that continues beyond 8 to 12 hours after dental extraction. The incidence of post-extraction bleeding varies from 0% to 26%. If post-extraction bleeding is not managed, complications can range from soft tissue haematomas to severe blood loss. Local causes of bleeding include soft tissue and bone bleeding. Systemic causes include platelet problems, coagulation disorders or excessive fibrinolysis, and inherited or acquired problems (medication induced). There is a wide array of techniques suggested for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding, which include interventions aimed at both local and systemic causes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of interventions for treating different types of post-extraction bleeding. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following electronic databases: The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 22 March 2016); The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library 2016, Issue 2); MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 22 March 2016); CINAHL via EBSCO (1937 to 22 March 2016). Due to the ongoing Cochrane project to search EMBASE and add retrieved clinical trials to CENTRAL, we searched only the last 11 months of EMBASE via OVID (1 May 2015 to 22 March 2016). We placed no further restrictions on the language or date of publication. We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov), and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx). We also checked the reference lists of excluded trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any intervention for treating PEB, with male or female participants of any age, regardless of type of teeth (anterior or posterior, mandibular or maxillary). Trials could compare one type of intervention with another, with placebo, or with no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three pairs of review authors independently screened search records. We obtained full papers for potentially relevant trials. If data had been extracted, we would have followed the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for the statistical analysis. MAIN RESULTS: We did not find any randomised controlled trial suitable for inclusion in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to identify any reports of randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effects of different interventions for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding. In view of the lack of reliable evidence on this topic, clinicians must use their clinical experience to determine the most appropriate means of treating this condition, depending on patient-related factors. There is a need for well designed and appropriately conducted clinical trials on this topic, which conform to the CONSORT statement (www.consort-statement.org/).


Subject(s)
Hemorrhage/therapy , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Female , Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Male
15.
Int J Paediatr Dent ; 26(1): 20-5, 2016 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25604081

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of enamel from teeth with early childhood caries (unaffected fragments) and from healthy primary teeth. DESIGN: Forty exfoliated primary teeth (Group I) and 40 teeth affected with ECC (Group II) were collected. Unaffected enamel from the ECC group was sampled. Elemental analysis was carried out with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), following which the same tooth samples were subjected to amino acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in the percentage of phosphorus (P) and the Ca/P ratios between the two groups in the elemental analysis. Amino acid analysis revealed no significant difference in the amino acid profile and the quantity of amino acid or protein content between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed significant differences in the P content and Ca/P ratio between the enamel from teeth with ECC and in that from healthy primary teeth. These findings indicate that differences in the composition of enamel could be a risk factor for ECC.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/pathology , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Case-Control Studies , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Risk Factors , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Tooth, Deciduous
16.
Pediatr Dent ; 37(5): 422-8, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26531084

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether prenatal use of fluoride, chlorhexidine mouthrinses, and xylitol could alter the mutans streptococci levels in children. METHODS: A systematic search of clinical trials was implemented for the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, PubMed, PMC, NCBI, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, LILACS, and Science Direct. A search for ongoing trials was also undertaken in the clinicaltrial.gov database to identify eligible studies. Data regarding methodology, participants, types of interventions, and outcomes were extracted, and the risk of bias was also assessed independently by two review authors. RESULTS: Only two clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Although one study showed significant results, the overall result of this systematic review showed no statistical significance. A risk ratio and 95 percent confidence interval of 0.1 (0.01 to 1.89) were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant results were reported in both the included studies; however, systematic analysis revealed a dearth of current evidence to support the general recommendation of pharmacological interventions for expectant mothers resulting in altered mutans streptococci levels in their children.


Subject(s)
Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Xylitol/administration & dosage , Dental Caries/microbiology , Female , Humans , Mothers , Mouthwashes/administration & dosage , Pregnancy , Streptococcal Infections/transmission , Streptococcus mutans
17.
Dent Traumatol ; 29(6): 423-31, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23802693

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin, and cementum. The possibility of saving and reconstructing teeth with such fractures has increasingly become a viable alternative to extraction and prosthetic therapy. One such treatment option available is surgical extrusion. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to evaluate surgical extrusion as a treatment modality for management of crown-root fractures in permanent anterior teeth. METHODS: Electronic search of scientific papers was carried out on Entrez Pubmed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases using specific keywords. The search yielded 130 papers, out of which 16 relevant papers were identified and included based on predetermined inclusion criteria and the remaining 114 were found to be irrelevant. Hand search yielded 10 articles, which were also included. These 26 articles which included only case reports and case series formed the basis of this systematic review. CONCLUSION: From the existing literature, we can conclude that surgical extrusion can be used to treat crown-root fractures successfully. But the level of evidence is very low as the studies available are only case reports and case series.


Subject(s)
Incisor/surgery , Tooth Crown/surgery , Tooth Fractures/surgery , Tooth Root/surgery , Humans
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