Perception of Overall Health, Weight Status, and Gaining Weight in Relationship With Self-Reported BMI Among High School Students.

BACKGROUND: Correct perception of weight status and gaining weight are important motivational factors for physical activity among overweight and obese children. However, misperception is common. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess perceptions of overall health, weight status, and weight gain in relation to BMI among high school students. METHODS: A face-to-face validated survey-based study was conducted among high school students. BMI was calculated based on the self-reported height and weight to compare with perceived weight status based on a question: "Do you consider yourself to be underweight, overweight, about right, or obese?" Participants were asked to rate their health and how much they worry about gaining weight. Descriptive and chi-square tests were used for analysis. The level of significance was 0.05. RESULTS: The results of this study show female students are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight and worried about gaining weight compared to their male peers. The results also show that a low percentage of male and female students rate their overall health as poor with an overweight BMI. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide the framework for understanding the differences in how male and female high school students perceive their health, weight status, and weight gain in relation to BMI. Inaccurate perception of one's weight status increases the risk of being overweight/obese and decreases the likelihood that students will engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Diabetes Insipidus: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an endocrine condition involving the posterior pituitary peptide hormone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH exerts its effects on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron by upregulating aquaporin-2 channels (AQP2) on the cellular apical membrane surface. DI is marked by expelling excessive quantities of highly dilute urine, extreme thirst, and craving for cold water. The two main classifications of DI are central diabetes insipidus (CDI), characterized by a deficiency of the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), characterized by the terminal distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct resistance to ADH. The two less common classifications include dipsogenic DI, characterized by excessive thirst due to a low osmotic threshold, and gestational DI, characterized by increased concentration of placental vasopressinase during pregnancy. Treatment of DI is dependent on the disease classification, but severe complications may arise if not tended to appropriately. The most important step in symptom management is maintaining fluid intake ahead of fluid loss with emphasis placed on preserving the quality of life. The most common treatment of CDI and gestational DI is the administration of synthetic ADH, desmopressin (DDAVP). Nephrogenic treatment, although more challenging, requires discontinuation of medications as well as maintaining a renal-friendly diet to prevent hypernatremia. Treatment of dipsogenic DI is mainly focused on behavioral therapy aimed at regulating water intake and/or administration of antipsychotic pharmaceutical therapy. Central and nephrogenic subtypes of DI share a paradoxical treatment in thiazide diuretics.