[Bone Metabolism of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease Patients with Different Blood Separation Results].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of bone metabolic indexes for disease assessment and curative effect monitoring in multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease (MBD) patients with different blood separation results. METHODS: A total of 134 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM-Hebei were enrolled and divided into control group [119 cases, serum, colloid and red blood cell (RBC) from top to bottom of sample] and abnormal group (15 cases, serum, mixed layer of RBC and serum, colloid and RBC from top to bottom of sample) according to the results of blood separation. According to the imaging findings, MBD was classified into grade 0-4, grade 0-2 was mild, and grade 3-4 was severe. The MBD grade of patients in the two groups was analyzed. The curative effect of MBD patients after chemotherapy and the changes of blood separation results and bone metabolic indexes before and after treatment were evaluated. The correlation between ß2-microglobulin (MG) and bone metabolic indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: In the control group, there were 69 cases of grade 0-2 and 50 cases of grade 3-4, while in the abnormal group, there were 5 cases of grade 0-2 and 10 cases of grade 3-4, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum ß2-MG, ß-CTX levels in abnormal group were both significantly higher than those in control group, while the levels of P1NP and osteocalcin (OC) were significantly lower (all P < 0.001). In the control group, there were 95 patients with ≥ partial response (PR) and the blood separation results were not changed, while 24 patients with 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of ß-CTX and ß2-MG in the control group with unchanged blood separation results were significantly decreased (both P < 0.001), while the levels of P1NP and OC were significantly increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.001), and the level of each index in the patients transformed to abnormal blood separation result after treatment did not significantly change (P >0.05); the levels of ß-CTX and ß2-MG in the abnormal group transformed to normal blood separation result were significantly decreased (both P < 0.01), while the levels of P1NP and OC were significantly increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), and the level of each index in patients with unchanged blood separation results did not significantly change (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum ß2-MG was positively correlated with ß-CTX (r =0.709, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with P1NP and OC (r =-0.410,r =-0.412, both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MBD patients with abnormal blood separation results have higher bone disease grade and poor prognosis, which is closely related to the significant increase of bone resorption index ß-CTX level and decrease of bone formation index P1NP and OC levels, leading to more serious bone metabolic homeostasis disorder. The results of blood separation combined with the changes of bone metabolic indexes can be used as one of the comprehensive predictors of disease condition, efficacy monitoring and prognosis evaluation of MBD patients.

High-precision object detection network for automate pear picking.

To address the urgent need for agricultural intelligence in the face of increasing agricultural output and a shortage of personnel, this paper proposes a high precision object detection network for automated pear picking tasks. The current object detection method using deep learning does not fully consider the redundant background information of the pear detection scene and the mutual occlusion characteristics of multiple pears, so that the detection accuracy is low and cannot meet the needs of complex automated pear picking detection tasks. The proposed, High-level deformation-perception Network with multi-object search NMS(HDMNet), is based on YOLOv8 and utilizes a high-level Semantic focused attention mechanism module to eliminate irrelevant background information and a deformation-perception feature pyramid network to improve accuracy of long-distance and small scale fruit. A multi-object search non-maximum suppression is also proposed to choose the anchor frame in a combined search method suitable for multiple pears. The experimental results show that the HDMNet parameter amount is as low as 12.9 M, the GFLOPs is 41.1, the mAP is 75.7%, the mAP50 reaches 93.6%, the mAP75 reaches 70.2%, and the FPS reaches 73.0. Compared with other SOTA object detection methods, it has the transcend of real-time detection, low parameter amount, low calculation amount, high precision, and accurate positioning.

Roles of natural products on myokine expression and secretion in skeletal muscle atrophy.

Skeletal muscles serve both in movement and as endocrine organs. Myokines secreted by skeletal muscles activate biological functions within muscles and throughout the body via autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine pathways. Skeletal muscle atrophy can influence myokine expression and secretion, while myokines can impact the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Regulating the expression and secretion of myokines through the pharmacological approach is a strategy for alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy. Natural products possess complex structures and chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that various natural products exert beneficial effects on skeletal muscle atrophy. This article reviewed the regulatory effects of natural products on myokines and summarized the research progress on skeletal muscle atrophy associated with myokine regulation. The focus is on how small-molecule natural products affect the regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin, IGF-1, and FGF-21 expression. We contend that the development of small-molecule natural products targeting the regulation of myokines holds promise in combating skeletal muscle atrophy.

Aminotransferases as causal factors for metabolic syndrome: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Circulating aminotransferases (ALT and AST) have been used as biomarkers for liver injury. The causal relationships between aminotransferases and metabolic syndrome remain ambiguous. METHODS: We conducted bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses between aminotransferases and traits related to metabolic syndrome using genetic variants obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). MR-PRESSO tests were adopted to remove outliers and eliminate pleiotropy. MR steiger tests were conducted to ensure the correct direction of the causal effects. RESULTS: Both aminotransferases were risk factors for essential hypertension. ALT is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The bidirectional causal relationship between ALT and hyperglycemia, serum lipids, and obesity was demonstrated. The effect of fasting glucose on AST was demonstrated, while type 2 diabetes did not affect AST. The effect of HDL-C on ALT and the effect of triglycerides on AST were found in multivariable MR analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our bidirectional MR analyses suggest that ALT and AST are causally associated with several metabolic syndrome-related traits, especially hypertension and type 2 diabetes. These findings highlight the potential role of aminotransferases as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome.

Enhanced Broadband Manipulation of Acoustic Vortex Beams Using 3-bit Coding Metasurfaces through Topological Optimization.

The acoustic coding metasurfaces (ACMs) have the ability to manipulate complex acoustic behavior by reconstructing the coding sequence. In particular, the design of broadband coding enhances the versatility of ACMs. ACMs offer significant advantages over traditional metasurfaces, including a limited number of units and flexible wave control performance. The unit quantity is determined by 2n, with 1-bit utilizing 2 units, 2-bit using 4 units, and 3-bit employing 8 units. Utilizing multiple bits allows for precise control over the phase of sound waves and enables the realization of more intricate acoustic functions. To address the requirements of broadband multi-bit applications, this paper presents the development of novel 3-bit broadband reflected acoustic coding metasurfaces (BACMs) with eight coding units. These metasurfaces are systematically designed using the bottom-up topology optimization method. A constant phase difference of 45° can be achieved across all eight coding units within a broad frequency range. Additionally, the spiral distribution of phase differences enables the construction of an acoustic vortex metasurface. Moreover, by combining the convolution method, the strategies are outlined for constructing vortex-focusing metasurfaces and vortex beam manipulation metasurfaces. These 3-bit coding metasurfaces possess significant potential in the fields of acoustic particle suspension and acoustic communication.

Inhibitory effect of royal jelly acid on proliferation of human colon cancer SW620 cells and its network pharmacological analysis / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the effect of royal jelly acid(10-HDA)on the proliferation and migration of the human colon cancer SW620 cells based on the network pharmacology,and to clarify its related molecular mechanism.Methods:The active ingredients such as 10-HDA and their corresponding targets were retrieved by using the keyword"royal jelly"from the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TMSCP)Database and the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID);the small molecule targets were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction Database.The GeneCards Database and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)Database were used to obtain the targets with the keyword"Colon Cancer";the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by using the String Database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 Software to screen the core targets;the Gene Ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by Metascape Database;the specific ingredient 10-HDA was screened for the in vitro activity experiments.The human colon cancer SW620 cells with good growth status were divided into control group and different doses(1,5,10,15,and 20 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA groups.The viabilities of the cells in various groups were detected by MTT method and the survival rates of the cells were calculated.The SW620 cells were divided into control group,low dose(5 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group,middle dose(10 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group,and high dose(15 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group;Hoechst33342 staining method was used to observe the morphology of the cells in various groups;cell scratch test was used to detect the scratch healing rates of the cells in various groups;flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of the cells at different cell cycles in various groups;biochemical method was used to detect the activities of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-3(Caspase-3),cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-9(Caspase-9),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),β-catenin,and cyclin D1 proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Six active ingredients of royal jelly were screened out by the TCMSP Database,and 28 core targets of 10-HDA in the treatment of colon cancer were obtained.The GO function enrichment analysis mainly included the signaling pathways such as cell proliferation and apoptosis.The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis included the cell cycle,prostate cancer,cell senescence,and p53 signaling pathways;the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was closely related to the cell cycle.Compared with control group,the viabilities of the cells in 5,10,15,and 20 mmol·L-110-HDA groups were decreased in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the numbers of apoptotic cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased,and the scratch healing rates of the cells were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the percentages of the cells at S phase in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the activities of T-AOC and SOD in the cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells in low dose of 10-HDA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression level of GSK3β protein was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with control group,the expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3,Caspase-9,and GSK3β proteins in the cells in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression levels of Bcl-2,β-catenin,and CyclinD1 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:10-HDA can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of the colon cancer cells and promote the apoptosis and oxidation levels of the colon cancer cells,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis based on improved machine learning models / 陆军军医大学学报

Objective To establish an early prediction model for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis based on the improved machine learning models,and to analyze its clinical value.Methods A case-control study was conducted on 352 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Surgery Departments of the Army Medical Center of PLA and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Department of No.945 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2014 to August 2023.According to the severity of the disease,the patients were divided into the severe group(n=88)and the non-severe group(n=264).The RUSBoost model and improved Archimead optimization algorithm was used to analyze 39 routine laboratory biochemical indicators within 48 h after admission to construct an early diagnosis and prediction model for severe acute pancreatitis.The task of feature screening and hyperparameter optimization was completed simultaneously.The ReliefF algorithm feature importance rank and multivariate logistic analysis were used to analyze the value of the selected features.Results In the training set,the area under curve(AUC)of the improved machine learning model was 0.922.In the testing set,the AUC of the improved machine learning model reached 0.888.The 4 key features of predicting severe acute pancreatitis based on the improved Archimedes optimization algorithm were C-reactive protein,blood chlorine,blood magnesium and fibrinogen level,which were consistent with the results of ReliefF algorithm feature importance ranking and multivariate logistic analysis.Conclusion The application of improved machine learning model analyzing the laboratory examination results can help to early predict the occurrence of severe acute pancreatitis.

Effect of miR-192 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of colorectal cancer cell lines / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of microRNA-192(miR-192)on the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of colorectal cancer(CC)cell lines.Methods Group A(SW1116 CC transfected with physio-logical saline),group B(SW1116 CC transfected with miR-192 mimics)and group C(SW1116 CC transfected with miR-192 inhibitor)were set up,respectively.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,cell migration ability was detected by scratch assay,and cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of miR-192 and WNT family member 2B(WNT2B)in each group.Results The survival rate and monoclonal number of SW1116 CC cells in group B were(57.32± 6.19)％and(284.59±15.08),which were lower than(76.21±8.23)％and(601.47±23.16)in group A and(89.52±10.62)％and(2 150.68±34.79)in group C,while the apoptosis rate in group B was(20.52± 2.52)％,which was higher than(13.78±1.62)％in group A and(11.62±1.41)％in group C.The survival rate and number of monoclonal formation of SW1116 CC cells in group C were higher than those in group A,while the apoptosis rate was lower than that in group A(all P＜0.05).The scratch width of SW1116 CC cells in group B was(785.10±46.18)mm,which was higher than(601.32±33.21)mm in group A and(326.99± 17.48)mm in group C,while the scratch width in group C was lower than that in group A.The number of per-forating cells in group B was(624.67±19.05),which was lower than(875.23±27.30)in group A and(1 204.17±34.59)in group C,and the number of perforating cells in group C was higher than that in group A(all P＜0.05).The relative expression level of miR-192 mRNA in SW1116 CC cells in group B was(3.01± 0.26),which was higher than(1.87±0.20)in group A and(0.97±0.23)in group C,and the relative expres-sion level of miR-192 mRNA in group C was lower than that in group A.The expression level of WNT2B mR-NA in group B was(2.16±0.26),which was lower than(4.11±0.50)in group A and(6.08±0.72)in group C,and the expression level of WNT2B mRNA in group C was higher than that in group A(all P＜0.05).Con-clusion miR-192 could inhibit the malignant evolution of CC,and one of its main mechanisms may be related to the regulation of WNT2B expression.

Honokiol inhibits the proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of honokiol on proliferation and apoptosis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hADSCs),and to investigate the effect of the drug on the tumor microenvironment.Methods hADSCs were incubated with different concentrations of honokiol,the proliferation of hADSCs was detec-ted by MTS and Trypan blue staining,and cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/PI double staining.In the meantime,expression of mRNA and protein related to cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by qPCR and Western blot,respectively.The expression of total MEK,phosphorylated MEK,total ERK and phosphorylated ERK proteins in the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway were detected by Western blot.Results The effect of honokiol on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of hADSCs was significantly enhanced with the increase of concen-tration.The expressions of proliferation-related genes CCND1,MKI67 and PCNA were down-regulated.The expres-sions of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and TP53 was up-regulated,and the expressions of anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 was down-regulated.Honokiol inhibited MEK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusions Honokiol inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hADSCs,and the specific mechanism is po-tentially related to the inhibition of MEK-ERK1/2 pathway.

Mechanism of Youguiwan Regulating BMP-2/Smad Signaling Pathway to Promote Bone Formation in Postmenopausal Rats with Osteoporosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Youguiwan on bone metabolism and bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2）/Smad signaling pathway in ovaries-removed rats with osteoporosis and study the mechanism of Youguiwan in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. MethodA postmenopausal rat model of osteoporosis was prepared by bilateral ovariectomy. The 40 female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups， including sham operation group， model group， alendronate sodium group （0.1 mg·kg-1）， and high-dose and low-dose （5.36 and 2.68 g·kg-1） groups of Youguiwan. The drug was given seven days after modeling， once a day for 12 weeks. After the treatment， the changes in femur tissue structure were observed by micro-CT， including bone mineral density （BMD）， bone volume/total volume （BV/TV）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）， bone surface/bone volume （BS/BV）， and trabecular separation （Tb.Sp）. Ossification was observed by saffrane-solid green staining， and serum levels of bone metabolism markers， including bone alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， osteocalcin （BGP）， type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal propeptide （PINP）， and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b （TRACP-5b）， were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Runx2， BMP-2， and Smad1 in rat femur were detected by Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， bone trabecula in the model group was sparse. BMD， BV/TV， Tb.N， and Tb.Th were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. BS/BV （P<0.05） and Tb.Sp were increased. The content of BGP， BALP， PINP， and TRACP-5b in serum was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of Runx2， BMP-2， and Smad1 in rat femur were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the number of bone trabeculae in the high-dose and low-dose groups of Youguiwan was increased， and the bone microstructure was improved. BMD， BV/TV， Tb.N， and Tb.Th were increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and BS/BV and Tb.Sp were increased. The content of bone metabolic markers decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionYouguiwan has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on postmenopausal osteoporosis， and its mechanism may be related to promoting bone formation by regulating the BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway.

Targeting cAMP in D1-MSNs in the nucleus accumbens, a new rapid antidepressant strategy

Studies have suggested that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression; however, the regulatory strategy that targets the NAc to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit has not been elucidated. Here, we identified a specific reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the subset of dopamine D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the NAc that promoted stress susceptibility, while the stimulation of cAMP production in NAc D1-MSNs efficiently rescued depression-like behaviors. Ketamine treatment enhanced cAMP both in D1-MSNs and dopamine D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) of depressed mice, however, the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine solely depended on elevating cAMP in NAc D1-MSNs. We discovered that a higher dose of crocin markedly increased cAMP in the NAc and consistently relieved depression 24 h after oral administration, but not a lower dose. The fast onset property of crocin was verified through multicenter studies. Moreover, crocin specifically targeted at D1-MSN cAMP signaling in the NAc to relieve depression and had no effect on D2-MSN. These findings characterize a new strategy to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit by elevating cAMP in D1-MSNs in the NAc, and provide a potential rapid antidepressant drug candidate, crocin.

Humanistic Care for the Prevention of Perioperative Hypothermia in the Elderly / 中国医学伦理学

The intervention and prevention of perioperative hypothermia is not only reflected in the technical level, but also reveals the important role of humanistic care in the whole intervention work. If perioperative patients have hypothermia, it is likely to cause a series of complications such as postoperative shivering, which seriously threatens the life safety of patients. Prevention and intervention was based on a comprehensive understanding of the causes and hazards of hypothermia, especially the impact on the lives of the elderly. Effective supervision was implemented in the whole process of operation, such as dynamic monitoring of vital signs including body temperature, followed by room temperature regulation, body temperature protection and preoperative and postoperative psychological nursing. At this time, the sense of responsibility, good humanistic care of medical staff are of positive significance to effectively prevent and reduce the probability of perioperative hypothermia and accelerate the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

Association between congenital hypothyroidism and in-hospital adverse outcomes in very low birth weight infants / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and the adverse outcomes during hospitalization in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods: This prospective, multicenter observational cohort study was conducted based on the data from the Sino-northern Neonatal Network (SNN). Data of 5 818 VLBWI with birth weight <1 500 g and gestational age between 24-<37 weeks that were admitted to the 37 neonatal intensive care units from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2022 were collected and analyzed. Thyroid function was first screened at 7 to 10 days after birth, followed by weekly tests within the first 4 weeks, and retested at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age or before discharge. The VLBWI were assigned to the CH group or non-CH group. Chi-square test, Fisher exact probability method, Wilcoxon rank sum test, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between CH and poor prognosis during hospitalization in VLBWI. Results: A total of 5 818 eligible VLBWI were enrolled, with 2 982 (51.3%) males and the gestational age of 30 (29, 31) weeks. The incidence of CH was 5.5% (319 VLBWI). Among the CH group, only 121 VLBWI (37.9%) were diagnosed at the first screening. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CH was associated with increased incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) (OR=1.31(1.04-1.64), P<0.05) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of stage Ⅲ and above (OR=1.74(1.11-2.75), P<0.05). However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed no significant correlation between CH and EUGR, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in stage Ⅱ or above, and ROP in stage Ⅲ or above (OR=1.04 (0.81-1.33), 0.79 (0.54-1.15), 1.15 (0.58-2.26), 1.43 (0.81-2.53), 1.12 (0.70-1.80), all P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between CH and in-hospital adverse outcomes, possibly due to timely diagnosis and active replacement therapy.

Research progress of targeted pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in treatment of pulmonary hypertension / 中国药理学通报

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and fatal disease. The dysfunction of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) is one of its important pathogenic factors. PAECs are monolayer flat epithelial cells, which play an important role in maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis. Studies have found that PAECs show damage and apoptosis at the early stage of PH development, while PAECs show anti-apoptotic characteristics at the late stage of PH development. The transition of PAECs into mesenchymal cells induced by hypoxic and inflammatory factors is also involved in the pathogenesis of PH. Carcinoid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, bone mor- phogenic type 2 receptor mutation, epigenetic changes and inflammation of PAECs are the main pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in PH patients. New therapeutic measures targeting PAECs dysfunction are expected to play an important role in the treatment of PH in the future.

Research progress of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in the prediction of postoperative visual acuity in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Idiopathic epiretinal membrane(IERM)is a kind of epiretinal membrane without any other known ocular conditions, which occurs mostly in the middle-aged and elderly people over the age of 50. As IERM worsens, the structure and function of the retina in the macular region are altered, leading to symptoms like reduced vision and metamorphopsia. The pathogenesis of IERM remains unclear, and surgery is the primary treatment option. However, there is no consensus on the best time to have surgery, and there are differences in how well patients recover their vision following surgery. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA), as non-invasive and rapid diagnostic tools to observe retinal microstructure and blood flow changes in the macula, have been extensively utilized in clinical settings. The use of OCT and OCTA parameters to predict postoperative visual acuity has emerged as a hot topic in IERM research. This article provides a comprehensive review of current research on the correlation between various OCT and OCTA parameters and the prediction of postoperative visual acuity in IERM, aiming to assist clinicians in determining the optimal timing for surgery and balancing the benefits and risks involved.

The mechanism of chlorogenic acid against neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin / 药学学报

This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of chlorogenic acid on cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Xinxiang Central Hospital, in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. Von Frey hair and a radiant heat was employed to measure mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia; Western blot was used to examine transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) protein expression in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG); patch clamp was used to record TRPV1 currents in DRG neurons. The experimental results showed that chlorogenic acid could attenuate cisplatin-induce mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. The expression of TRPV1 protein in DRGs was increased in cisplatin-treated rats, while chlorogenic acid also could reverse cisplatin-induced the upregulation of TRPV1 protein. Forthermore, chlorogenic acid could attenuate cisplatin-mediated the upregulation of TRPV1 current density. These above results indicated that chlorogenic acid could alleviate cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity through inhibition of the expression and function of TRPV1 in rats.

Mechanism of iron death induced by high homocysteine via TRPC6/NF-κb in glomerular podiatocytes / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of iron death induced by TRPC6/NF-κB in glomerular podiocytes mediated by high homocysteine(Hcy).Methods Mouse glomerulopocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into Control group(0 μmol/L Hcy)and Hcy group(80 μmol/L Hcy).After 48h of intervention,Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of iron death related proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11 and TRPC6 and NF-κ B.Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR(qRT-PCR)and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of TRPC6.The level of podocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Malondialdehyde(MDA)assay kit was used to determine intracellular MDA levels.After transfection of TRPC6 interference fragment and TRPC6 negative control(NC),qRT-PCR was divided into Control,si-NC and si-TRPC6(Si-TRPC6-1,Si-TRPC6-2,Si-TRPC6-3).Western Blot was divided into Control,Hcy,si-NC+Hcy,si-TRPC6+Hcy.The expression of TRPC6 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.The expression levels of GPX4,SLC7A11,NF-κB and TRPC6 were detected by Western Blot.The level of podocyte apoptosis after interference was detected by flow cytometry.Results(1)Compared with Control group,the expression levels of iron death related proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11 in Hcy group were decreased,and the apoptosis rate was increased(P<0.05).(2)Compared with Control group,TRPC6 protein,mRNA levels and immunofluorescence expression were increased in Hcy group.The level of MDA and the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway protein increased in Hcy group,and the comparison between the two groups had statistical significance(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the si-NC group,the mRNA expression level of TRPC6 in si-TRPC6(Si-TRPC6-1,Si-TRPC6-2,Si-TRPC6-3)group was decreased,and the interference effect of Si-TRPC6-3 was the best(P<0.05).After transfecting TRPC6 NC and TRPC6 interference fragment and administering Hcy,there was no difference in GPX4,SLC7A11,NF-κB and TRPC6 expression in si-NC+Hcy group compared with Hcy group.Compared with the si-NC+Hcy group,the si-TRPC6+Hcy group had higher expression of iron death related proteins,GPX4 and SLC7A11,lower expression of NF-κB and TRPC6,and decreased apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Conclusion This study confirmed that TRPC6/NF-κB can regulate iron death of renal podocytes under the induc-tion of Hcy,which is one of the mechanisms leading to kidney injury.

Frailty of patients with long-term maintenance dialysis and its influencing factors / 实用医学杂志

Objective To analyze the frailty of patients with long-term maintenance dialysis(MD)and its influencing factors,and to explore the correlation of different dialysis modalities with the re-infection of novel coronavirus infection(COVID-19)and frailty syndrome.Methods Patients with regular dialysis in Nephrology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from February to June 2023 were selected.A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect clinical data of the patients,including dialysis modality(i.e.maintenance hemodialysis,abbreviated as hemodialysis,and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,abbreviated as peritoneal dialysis),and whether with re-infection of COVID-19.Patients were divided into 3 groups using Fried's frailty phenotype(FP):non-frailty group,pre-or-intermediate frailty group,and frailty syndrome group.The clinical characteristics of the FP were compared among the three groups.The correlation of frailty with clinical data,dialysis modality,re-infection of COVID-19 in each group was compared.Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the development of frailty syndrome in patients.Results A total of 246 dialysis patients were included in this study,with 77(31.3%)in the non-frailty group,83(33.7%)in the pre-frailty group and 86(35.0%)in the frailty syndrome group.The frailty syndrome group showed characteristics of advanced age,high pre-dialysis creatinine level,low serum albumin level and combined pleural effusion(all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of frailty between the hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis group(P = 0.960).COVID-19 re-positive patients had higher frailty score than non-re-positive patients.Multifactor logistic regression showed that age,COVID-19 re-infection of COVID-19,serum albumin,pre-dialysis creatinine,and pleural effusion were factors influencing the development of frailty syndrome in dialysis patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is high incidence of frailty syndrome in dialysis patients,and there is no correlation of frailty with dialysis modality.High serum albumin level is a protective factor for the development of frailty syndrome in patients,whereas re-infection of COVID-19,advanced age,high pre-dialysis blood creatinine level and pleural effusion are risk factors for the development of frailty syndrome.