ABSTRACT
The cryopreservation procedure decreases sperm quality, causing certain changes at structural and molecular levels affecting fertilizing ability. We aimed to investigate the impacts of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAd-MSCs) conditioned medium (CM) on the protection of human sperm from cryoinjury. Thirty normal semen specimens were evaluated in this study. Each specimen was separated into six groups and enhanced with varying concentrations of human Ad-MSCs-CM (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100%). Sperm motility, viability, morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial potential, and lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated before freezing and after thawing. The results showed that the total motility was preserved in 10% human Ad-MSCs-CM group. Also, DNA fragmentation was significantly lower in 10% compared to 0% human Ad-MSCs-CM (63.62 ± 17.72% vs.76.46 ± 4.87%, respectively, P < 0.004). Human Ad-MSCs-CM in groups of 10, 30, 50, and 70% reduced lipid peroxidation. The normal sperm morphology rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis showed no significant differences across various groups. It seems that human Ad-MSCs-CM can protect the sperm parameters during the cryopreservation by decreasing cryoinjury.
Subject(s)
Cryopreservation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Semen Preservation , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa , Humans , Cryopreservation/methods , Male , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Spermatozoa/metabolism , Sperm Motility/drug effects , Semen Preservation/methods , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Adipose Tissue/cytology , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/physiology , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , Apoptosis/drug effects , Semen Analysis , AdultABSTRACT
Background: Considering the limitations of cell therapy, in case of adequate treatment efficacy, conditioned media (CM) may be a desirable alternative to cell therapy. Hence, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned media (MSC-CM) in movement resolution following spinal cord injury (SCI) in animal models. Methods: A comprehensive search in the databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was completed until the end of March 2021. Animal studies that evaluate the efficacy of MSC-CM on movement resolution following SCI were defined as the inclusion criteria. Lack of an SCI-untreated group, CM derived from a source other than MSC, not assessing motor function, failure to report CM administered dose, a follow-up period of less than 4 weeks, duplicates, and review articles were counted as the exclusion criteria. Final results are presented as overall standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: From the 361 nonduplicate articles, data from 11 articles were entered into the present meta-analysis. The analyses showed that MSC-CM administration in SCI animal models promotes motor recovery (SMD=2.32; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.09; p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis was performed because of the noticeable heterogeneity between the studies (I2=80.97%, p<0.0001), depicting that antibiotic administration, delivery amount, delivery type, and follow-up time were the possible sources of heterogeneity. Moreover, multiple meta-regression demonstrated that in cases of delivery amount of more than 120 µL, the efficacy of MSC-CM administration in motor recovery is more than that of delivery amount of less than 120 µL (regression coefficient=3.30; 95% CI: 0.72, 5.89; p=0.019). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that MSC-CM administration in SCI models improves motor recovery. The efficacy of this treatment strategy significantly increases at doses higher than 120 µL.