ABSTRACT
We experimentally investigate the charge-spin interconversion by introducing a lighter impurity, namely nitrogen (N) into Pt by varying the nitrogen gas flow rate,Qfrom 0 to 20%, and studying the Onsager reciprocity of spin Hall effect (SHE) via complementary methods of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance and spin-pumping inverse SHE measurements, respectively. We notice a reduction in the crystalline nature of Pt upon nitrogen incorporation. We observe the influence of extrinsic side-jump scattering induced SHE by measuring the spin Hall efficiency,θSHin a wide temperature range from 10 to 296 K. This work establishes the incorporation of N in Pt by using sputtering, to enhance the SHE via extrinsic scattering as well as to observe the reciprocal effects of charge-spin interconversion.
ABSTRACT
Neural autophagy plays an important role in regulating protein quality control, brain homeostasis, and body temperature. However, the mechanism that links a defect in autophagy to body temperature has not been elucidated. Here, we report that RNA binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) is a potential candidate that regulates body temperature. We found that the body temperatures of Nestin-Cre ; Atg7 f/f conditional KO (cKO) mice were lower than that of wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, RBM3 was upregulated in the Nestin-Cre ; Atg7 f/f brain. These data suggest that RBM3 is an implicit target that maintains body temperature influenced by neural autophagy.
ABSTRACT
Precise regulation of RNA metabolism is crucial for dynamic gene expression and controlling cellular functions. In the nervous system, defects in RNA metabolism are implicated in the disturbance of brain homeostasis and development. Here, we report that deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin specific peptidase 15 (USP15), deubiquitinates terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1) and changes global RNA metabolism. We found that the expression of USP15 redistributes TUT1 from the nucleolus to nucleoplasm, resulting in the stabilization of U6 snRNA. We also found that lack of the Usp15 gene induces an impairment in motor ability with an unconventional cerebellar formation. Moreover, inhibition of the USP15-TUT1 cascade triggered mild and chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, our results suggest that USP15 is crucial for mRNA metabolism and maintains a healthy brain. These findings provide a possibility that disturbance of the USP15-TUT1 cascade induces chronic and mild ER stress, leading to an acceleration of the neurodegenerative phenotype.
Subject(s)
Cerebellum/physiology , RNA/metabolism , Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/metabolism , Animals , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred ICR , Mice, Knockout , RNA Splicing , RNA, Small Nuclear/metabolism , Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/genetics , UbiquitinationABSTRACT
We describe a case of granuloma annulare (GA) associated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in a 69-year-old woman. She complained of erythematous plaques on the left forearm and neck in addition to dry eyes and mouth. The laboratory and clinical findings also fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of SS. Histopathological examination revealed the features of interstitial type GA. It is not rare that granulomatous diseases are associated with autoimmune diseases. This case indicated that granulomatous diseases and SS are closely related and that GA should be recognized as a cutaneous manifestation associated with autoimmune diseases, including SS.
