ABSTRACT
Cysticercosis caused by infection with embryonated eggs of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium is an important cause of neurological disease worldwide. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA, the pathogen has been divided into two geographic clades, corresponding to Afro-American and Asian genotypes. In this study the genotyping of T. solium was carried out by using the nuclear DNA sequences of the immunodiagnostic antigen genes Ag1V1 and Ag2. The two geographic genotypes were supported by the Ag2 sequences, especially showing unique substitutions in each of the genotypes. It seems likely that the Ag2 may be a novel nuclear DNA marker to distinguish the two geographic genotypes of T. solium.
Subject(s)
Cysticercosis/parasitology , Taenia solium/classification , Taenia solium/genetics , Americas/epidemiology , Animals , Antigens, Helminth/genetics , Asia/epidemiology , Base Sequence , Cell Nucleus/genetics , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Genetic Markers , Genetics, Population , Genotype , Geography , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Echinococcus vogeli infection in a hunter from the rain forest of French Guiana was confirmed by imaging and mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis. Serologic examination showed typical patterns for both alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Polycystic echinococcis caused by E. vogeli may be an emerging parasitic disease in Central and South America.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Aged , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry , Echinococcosis/surgery , Echinococcus/genetics , Echinococcus/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Male , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Genetic variations in tapeworms causing cystic echinococcosis in Peru were investigated. Seventy one larval isolates collected from different intermediate hosts and geographic regions were identified by the DNA sequencing of genes for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1a). The G7 genotype (E. canadensis pig strain) was found for the first time in pigs reared in the city of Lima. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain or G1) was the most prevalent in human patients, sheep, and cattle and the G6 genotype (E. canadensis camel strain) was found in goats and in one human patient. These findings may inform prevention strategies and control programs against echinococcosis in Peru.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics , Echinococcosis , Echinococcus , Genetic Variation , Peptide Elongation Factor 1/genetics , Animals , Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Cattle/parasitology , Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Echinococcosis/parasitology , Echinococcosis/veterinary , Echinococcus/classification , Echinococcus/genetics , Echinococcus/isolation & purification , Genotype , Goats/parasitology , Haplotypes , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Peru/epidemiology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sheep/parasitology , Swine/parasitology , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Zoonoses/parasitologyABSTRACT
The study conducted in the Cocal dos Alves municipality, located in the Piracuruca region of Piauí State, Brazil in November of 2003 was based on both a socio-behavioral survey and analysis of serum antibodies and parasitic materials. Pig raising is the main economic activity with 91.4% using extensive farming. On the studied population, 54.3% of people did not apply any sanitary measures to wastewater, 45.7% used septic tanks, and 69.1% consumed water without treatment. The data collected indicated the occurrence and active transmission of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in the region. One of seven voluntary persons was positive in antibody-ELISA tests using both native and recombinant antigens. Multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing of cyst samples obtained from a pig revealed the presence of the Afro-American genotype of Taenia solium. This study revealed the occurrence of human and porcine cysticercosis in the Piracuruca region of Piauí State, middle-north of Brazil.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/veterinary , Cysticercosis/transmission , Cysticercosis/veterinary , Taenia solium/immunology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Cysticercosis/physiopathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Cysticercosis caused by infection with embryonated eggs of Taenia solium is an important cause of neurological disease worldwide. On the basis of mitochondrial DNA analysis, T. solium is divided into 2 (African/American and Asian) genotypes. Glycoproteins (GPs) in cyst fluid purified from the 2 genotypes of T. solium were characterized and compared with the recombinant chimeric T. solium-Ag1V1/Ag2 protein (Rec-Ag1V1/Ag2) as serodiagnostic antigens. Immunoblot analysis revealed that banding patterns of GPs differed between the 2 genotypes because of posttranslation modification, especially glycosylation. The comparison of native GPs with Rec-Ag1V1/Ag2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that there was no statistical difference in sensitivity. In addition, the conservation of the genes encoding Ag1V1 and Ag2 in T. solium worldwide was verified. These results indicate that Rec-Ag1V1/Ag2 has great potential for usefulness in serodiagnosis as an alternative to native antigens.