ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium abscessus species (MABS) is now a most virulent rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), and the rapid increase of MABS was recently observed worldwide, including in Japan. Thus, we gathered evidences of the presence of pulmonary MABS in Japanese population from Japanese articles. METHODS: we searched studies that addressed the isolation of pulmonary non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) or MABS from clinical respiratory specimens in Japan. RESULTS: the ratio of MABS to NTM was 3.04% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.51-3.68), found using the meta-analysis of single proportions. The estimated mean age of patients infected with MABS was 67.72 years (95% CI: 65.41-70.02), found using the meta-analysis of single means. The estimated proportion of females, never smoker, and the co-infection with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was 66.75% (95% CI: 59.23-73.50), 67.57% (95% CI: 62.43-72.32), and 36.74% (95% CI: 25.30-49.90), respectively. The characteristics of MABS in Japan were considerably different from that in Europe and United States from the perspective of age, gender, and complications, wherein the patients in these countries tended to be younger, had lower number of females, and had more occurrences of hereditary diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). CONCLUSION: we hypothesized that the characteristics of MABS in the Japanese were involved in those of non-CF MABS, and the distribution of gender and age of MABS were similar to that of MAC in the Japanese.
ABSTRACT
The prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved dramatically since the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Three second-generation TKIs, including bosutinib, are currently approved for treatment of CML, and show a faster and deeper clinical response than imatinib. Common adverse events (AEs) of bosutinib are diarrhea and hepatic toxicity; however, lung complications are rare. Here, we report two cases of bosutinib-induced severe lung injury, along with a literature review. The events of these cases occurred at early time points and severity was extremely high, requiring high-flow oxygen and steroid treatments. Compared to previously reported cases, the prevalence and severity of the damage may vary among different ethnicities. However, bosutinib-induced lung injury can cause life-threatening complications. In conclusion, patients treated with bosutinib should be monitored carefully to mitigate serious drug-induced lung injury.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Lung Injury , Quinolines , Aniline Compounds/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Lung Injury/chemically induced , Lung Injury/drug therapy , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Quinolines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Nucleophilic addition of an organorhodium(I) to a cyano group has been observed for the first time in the rhodium-catalysed reaction of cyano-substituted alkynes with arylboronic acids. The higher reactivity of a cyano group relative to an alkoxycarbonyl group toward an organorhodium(I) species is demonstrated by an intramolecular example.
ABSTRACT
New cyclization reactions forming cyclic ketones were developed wherein an intermediate organorhodium(I) species underwent intramolecular acylation with an ester group. A 2-norbornanone skeleton is constructed in a single operation through successive multiple carbon-carbon bond formation. The reactions ended up with generation of an alkoxyrhodium(I) species to promote the next catalytic cycle.
