ABSTRACT
We investigated the bacterial community of bee bread and bee pollen samples using an approach through 16 s rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed a higher bacterial diversity in bee bread than in bee pollen as depicted in taxonomic profiling, as well as diversity indices such as the Shannon diversity index (3.7 to 4.8 for bee bread and 1.1 to 1.7 for bee pollen samples) and Simpson's index (>0.9 for bee bread and 0.4−0.5 for bee pollen). Principal component analysis showed a distinct difference in bacterial communities. The higher bacterial diversity in the bee bread than bee pollen could presumably be due to factors such as storage period, processing of food, fermentation, and high sugar environment. However, no effect of the feed (rapeseed or oak pollen patties or even natural inflow) was indicated on the bacterial composition of bee bread, presumably because of the lack of restriction of foraged pollen inflow in the hive. The diverse bacterial profile of the bee bread could contribute to the nutritional provisioning as well as enhance the detoxification process; however, a thorough investigation of the functional role of individual bacteria genera remains a task for future studies.
ABSTRACT
Seventeen species of the genus Sapromyza Fallén occurring in Iran are revised. The following new species are described and illustrated: Sapromyza bernhardi, S. damavandensis and S. sabourii. In addition, S. clathrata Shatalkin, S. kabuli Papp and S. quadripunctata (Linnaeus) are recorded for the first time from Iran. Distribution of species in Iran is reviewed, and a key to the species is provided.
Subject(s)
Diptera , Animal Distribution , Animals , IranABSTRACT
Based on data published before August 31, 2017 a checklist of the family Tephritidae (Diptera) includes 152 species and subspecies in 41 genera and three subfamilies. The list includes the distribution by province and the most important references on the nomenclature, existing keys, catalogues, original descriptions and redescriptions for the species recorded from Iran.
Subject(s)
Tephritidae , Animals , Drosophila , IranABSTRACT
Terellia barughii new species from Tabriz (East Azerbaijan Province) and T. babaki new species from Qazvin Province (Iran) are described and figured, and Terellia amberboae V. Korneyev & Merz, 1996 is redescribed. A new species group is established, host plant and phylogenetic relationships are briefly discussed, and a key to species is provided.
Subject(s)
Phylogeny , Tephritidae , Animals , IranABSTRACT
Valera, a monotypic new genus (Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Xyphosiini) and Valera ariana n. sp., the type and only known species, are described from Iran. Systematic relationships with other Xyphosiini are discussed and a key to the genera of the tribe Xyphosiini is presented.
Subject(s)
Tephritidae/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Female , Iran , Male , Organ Size , Tephritidae/anatomy & histology , Tephritidae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Tephritis arnicae (Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe was the hitherto only Palearctic species of the genus Tephritis known to infest flowerheads of asteraceous plants of the tribe Senecioneae. An additional species with similar biology, Tephritis arsenii, new species, recently discovered in Iran and Armenia is described. It is very similar to T. arnicae in the shape of the aculeus and spermathecae, as well as the wing with darkened anal lobe and abdominal tergites with black setulae, but differs from it by the white posterior orbital and notopleural setae, and also by details of the wing pattern. Larvae of T. arsenii feed in flowerheads of Doronicum dolichotrichum Cavill of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae).
Subject(s)
Asteraceae/parasitology , Tephritidae/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Ecosystem , Female , Iran , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/classification , Larva/growth & development , Male , Organ Size , Tephritidae/anatomy & histology , Tephritidae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
The maccus species group of the genus Tephritis Latreille 1804 is revised. The maccus group contains five species with a radiate wing pattern, cell r without or with only one large hyaline spot or indentation on the anterior wing margin, and the aculeus moderately broad, sharply narrowing and pointed at the very apex. The included species are: Tephritis azari Mohamadzade Namin & Korneyev, Tephritis gharalii sp. nov., Tephritis maccus Hering, Tephritis sophus and Tephritis urelliosomima Korneyev & Dirlbek.
Subject(s)
Tephritidae/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Female , Iran , Male , Organ Size , Tephritidae/anatomy & histology , Tephritidae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
The xanthippe group of species of the genus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is revised and keyed. It contains seven species with a yellow area on the scutum medial to the notopleuron: Urophora bakhtiari new species (from flowerheads of Cousinia archibaldii), Urophora dirlbeki new species (from flowerheads of Onopordum acanthium), U. iani Korneyev & Merz 1998, U. impicta (Hering 1942) (= Urophora hermonis Freidberg 1974, new synonym), U. kasachstanica (Richter 1964), U. stalker Korneyev 1985, and U. xanthippe (Munro 1934). All the species are described, illustrated and keyed.
Subject(s)
Tephritidae/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Female , Male , Organ Size , Tephritidae/anatomy & histology , Tephritidae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
The genus Heringina Aczél, 1940 is revised and shown to belong to the Tephritis group of genera and is closely related to Tephritis and Multireticula. Literature records are revised, and available collection material is listed. The genus includes two species: H. guttata (Fallén 1814) originally described from the sand dunes of southern Sweden and occurring from the Baltic region through Ukraine and Caucasus to Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and Heringina arezoana sp. nov., found in Iran and eastern Turkey. Both species are described, illustrated, and keyed. Host plants and localization of larvae remain unknown; adult flies of both species are commonly swept from (but never reared) flower heads of Helichrysum arenarium. Other records of host plants listed by Boie (1847) and repeated in most important European monographs, are obviously based on misidentified flies. Possible relationships of Heringina with Tephritis and Multireticula are discussed.
Subject(s)
Tephritidae/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Ecosystem , Female , Iran , Male , Organ Size , Tephritidae/anatomy & histology , Tephritidae/growth & development , TurkeyABSTRACT
Angelopteromyia korneyevi Mohamadzade Namin, sp. n. from Iran is described and figured. The new species is similar to other species of Angelopteromyia in having abdominal spiracles 5 of females not approximated medially, as well as clypeus extended postero-ventrally, antenna shorter than face, and R(1) and R(4+5) setulose on dorsal side. It differs from other species of Angelopteromyia by having mostly brown wing with 3 hyaline crossbands and a few hyaline spots, and dark brownish basal and costal cells without hyaline spots.
ABSTRACT
Urophora merzisp. n. reared from flower heads of Centaurea behen Linnaeus is described from Iran. It is similar to Urophora campestris, Urophora sachalinensis, Urophora stylata, Urophora tsoii and Urophora vera in wing pattern with 3 well developed crossbands and indistinct subbasal crossband, differing in aculeus tip with two pairs of diminished preapical steps and different host plants.
