ABSTRACT
A water-soluble glucan was isolated from the alkaline extract of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Ramaria botrytis. On the basis of sugar analysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, partial hydrolysis, and 1D/2D NMR studies, the structure of the repeating unit of the glucan was established as: [structure: see text]. This glucan showed immunostimulating activity by NO production on RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. Splenocyte and thymocyte proliferation were measured using, respectively, single cell suspensions of spleen and thymus obtained from normal mice.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry , Basidiomycota/chemistry , Glucans/chemistry , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Animals , Carbohydrate Conformation , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glucans/immunology , Glucans/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Spleen/cytology , Spleen/drug effects , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thymocytes/cytology , Thymocytes/drug effectsABSTRACT
Two immunostimulating ß-glucans, PS-I (water soluble) and PS-II (water insoluble) isolated from hot water extract of the fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom Termitomyces robustus var. showed significant macrophage, splenocyte, and thymocyte activation. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiments ((1)H, (13)C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, DEPT-135, HSQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharides is established as: PS-I: ->6)ß-D-Glcp-(1â (Water-soluble glucan) PS-II: â3)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â3)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â 6↑1 ß-D-Glcp (Water-insoluble glucan, Termitan).
Subject(s)
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry , Immunomodulation/drug effects , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Termitomyces/chemistry , beta-Glucans/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chemical Precipitation , Ethanol/chemistry , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Mice , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Spleen/cytology , Thymocytes/drug effects , Thymocytes/immunology , beta-Glucans/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Two different glucans (water-soluble PS-I, water-insoluble PS-II) were isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruit bodies of hybrid mushroom. PS-I was found to consist of only (1â6)-linked ß-D-glucopyranose. PS-II was composed of terminal, (1â3,4)-linked, and (1â3)-linked ß-D-glucopyranosyl moieties in a molar ratio of nearly 1:1:1. PS-I showed macrophages, splenocytes, and thymocytes activation as well as antioxidant property. On the basis of sugar analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, DEPT-135, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of these glucans were established as:
Subject(s)
Glucans/chemistry , Glucans/pharmacology , Hybridization, Genetic , Pleurotus/chemistry , Pleurotus/genetics , Volvariella/chemistry , Volvariella/genetics , Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry , Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Carbohydrate Sequence , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glucans/isolation & purification , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Picrates/chemistry , Solubility , Spleen/cytology , Thymocytes/cytology , Thymocytes/drug effects , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Three polysaccharide fractions (PS-I, PS-II, and PS-III) were isolated from the aqueous extract of a hybrid mushroom obtained through backcross mating of a somatic hybrid mushroom PfloVv12 (Sterile line) with Volvariella volvacea. PfloVv12 was obtained through protoplast fusion of Pleurotus florida and V. volvacea. PS-I was identified as 1,6-ß glucan. PS-II and PS-III were identified as mannoglucogalactan but differing in molecular weights only. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiment ((1)H, (13)C, DEPT-135, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC) the structures of these polysaccharides were established as;
Subject(s)
Chimera/metabolism , Galactans/metabolism , Glucans/metabolism , Pleurotus , Volvariella , Carbohydrate Conformation , Carbohydrate Sequence , Chimera/genetics , Galactans/chemistry , Galactans/isolation & purification , Glucans/chemistry , Glucans/isolation & purification , Glucose/chemistry , Inbreeding , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mannose/chemistry , Molecular Sequence DataABSTRACT
A water-soluble polysaccharide (PS-I), isolated from the aqueous extract of the stems of Amaranthus tricolor Linn. (Amaranthus gangeticus L.), was found to consist of L-arabinose, methyl-D-galacturonate, D-galactose, and 3-O-Ac-L-rhamnose in a molar ratio of nearly 1:1:1:1. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the PS-I is determined as: -->5)-alpha-L-Araf-(1-->4)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->2)-3-O-Ac-beta-L-Rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Gal-A6Me-(1-->
Subject(s)
Amaranthus/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Carbohydrate Sequence , Hot Temperature , Molecular Sequence Data , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , WaterABSTRACT
A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from hot aqueous extracts of fruits of Psidium guajava. The polysaccharide was found to contain 2-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2-O-acetyl-D-galactose, and D-methyl galacturonate in a molar ratio of approximately 1:1:1. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as [carbohydrate structure: see text].
Subject(s)
Fruit/chemistry , Hot Temperature , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Psidium/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Carbohydrate Sequence , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Sequence DataABSTRACT
A water-soluble polysaccharide, isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, was found to consist of d-glucose only. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit was established as -->6)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->.
