ABSTRACT
On-site sanitation is increasingly adopted in urban cities in India. The adoption of on-site sanitation system puts the groundwater resources in the vicinity of the system at a greater risk. Microbial contaminants as well as chemical contaminants like Chloride and Nitrate are generated from human waste. These contaminants travel through the medium and ultimately get in contact with the groundwater. Hence, the groundwater sources are vulnerable to nitrate contamination near the on-site sanitation systems. The present study indicates significant Nitrate and Chloride contamination in samples collected close to on-site sanitation systems. The recommended limit set by the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) limit of 45 mg/l for Nitrate concentration is also exceeded in few samples. The study indicates that Bacterial as well as Nitrate contamination is more in Monsoon as compared to Summer.
Subject(s)
Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Nitrates/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Pollutants/analysis , Water Supply/analysis , Chlorides/analysis , Colony Count, Microbial , Geological Phenomena , Geology , Humans , India , Metals, Heavy/analysisABSTRACT
Groundwater pollution in the vicinity of a landfill site in Nagpur, India is assessed with the help of resistivity imaging and GPR tools. The resistivity imaging survey indicates high conductive anomalies in the topsoil as well as the underlying fractured rocks. Significant reflections from the GPR records known as radargrams are extracted with the help of maximum peak module and Hilbert transform module in RADAN 6. These reflections can be attributed to presence of fractures, which are potential pathways for migration of the fluid. The geophysical findings are strengthened by the results of groundwater analysis from wells located close to the profile where resistivity and GPR survey have been carried out. The study has indicated the vulnerability of the unconfined aquifer underlying the predominantly clay layer.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fresh Water/analysis , Radar , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , IndiaABSTRACT
Major concern for the tribals, residing at Murda village in Ramtek tehsil, has always been assumed to be the contaminated drinking water. It has been frequently reported that adults and children of this village possess white patches on hands due to consumption of this contaminated water. In this context, an attempt has been made to assess the water quality of Murda village so as to find out the effective solutions. The paper highlights the studies carried out to assess the quality of drinking water supplied to the village Murda and its impacts, on the habitants.
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases/etiology , Water Pollutants/analysis , Water Supply/analysis , Adult , Child , Colony Count, Microbial , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , India , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Organophosphorus Compounds/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Wastewater containing fluoride are generally treated with lime or calcium salt supplemented with aluminium salts. Wastewater generated from different industries does not always behave in the same way due to the presence of interfering contaminants. A number of techniques have been developed and studied for the removal of excessive fluoride. Most of these are based on use of aluminium salt. In alum coagulation the sorption properties of product of hydrolysis of aluminium salts and capacity of fluoride for complex formation plays a very important role. These hydrolysis products of aluminium can be produced by passing direct current through aluminium electrode. The text presented in the paper deals with the various aspect of removal of fluoride by electrolysis using aluminium electrode from fluoride chemical based industrial wastewater.