Exploring Natural Alkaloids from Brazilian Biodiversity as Potential Inhibitors of the Aedes aegypti Juvenile Hormone Enzyme: A Computational Approach for Vector Mosquito Control.

This study explores the potential inhibitory activity of alkaloids, a class of natural compounds isolated from Brazilian biodiversity, against the mJHBP enzyme of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This mosquito is a significant vector of diseases such as dengue, zika, and chikungunya. The interactions between the ligands and the enzyme at the molecular level were evaluated using computational techniques such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and molecular mechanics with generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) free energy calculation. The findings suggest that these compounds exhibit a high binding affinity with the enzyme, as confirmed by the binding free energies obtained in the simulation. Furthermore, the specific enzyme residues that contribute the most to the stability of the complex with the compounds were identified: specifically, Tyr33, Trp53, Tyr64, and Tyr129. Notably, Tyr129 residues were previously identified as crucial in the enzyme inhibition process. This observation underscores the significance of the research findings and the potential of the evaluated compounds as natural insecticides against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These results could stimulate the development of new vector control agents that are more efficient and environmentally friendly.

Follow-up of pressure ulcer treatment with photodynamic therapy, low level laser therapy and cellulose membrane.

OBJECTIVE: A pressure ulcer (PU) is an area of tissue trauma caused by continuous and prolonged pressure, often associated with hospitalised patients immobilised due to neurological problems, negatively affecting their quality of life, and burdening the public budget. The aim of this study was to report the follow-up, for 45 weeks, of three patients with neurological lesions due to trauma who subsequently developed PUs, and who were treated with a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT), low level laser therapy (LLLT) and cellulose membrane (CM). METHOD: PDT was mediated by the photosensitiser curcumin on a 1.5% emulsion base. Blue LED light at 450 nm was delivered continuously for 12 minutes at an irradiance of 30mW/cm2 and total energy delivered to the tissue was 22J/cm2. LLLT was performed with 660 nm laser, punctuated and continuous, twice a week with parameters: spot size 0.04cm2, power of 40mW, 10 seconds per point, fluence of 10J/cm2 and irradiance of 1000mW/cm2. RESULTS: All PUs had a significant reduction (range: 95.2-100%) of their area after 45 weeks of follow-up and two PUs had complete healing at 20 weeks and 30 weeks. All of the PUs showed a reduction in contamination with the PDT treatments in different proportions. CONCLUSION: From the results obtained, we conclude that the combination of PDT, LLLT and CM is a promising treatment for PU healing.

Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the male reproductive system of the genus Callinectes Stimpson, 1860 (Brachyura: Portunidae).

We described the ultrastructure and histochemistry of the reproductive system of five Callinectes species, and evaluate the seasonal variation in weight of the reproductive system and hepatopancreas by comparing annual changes of somatic indices. The somatic indices changed little throughout the year. In Callinectes, spermatogenesis occurs inside the lobular testes and, within each lobule, the cells are at the same developmental stage. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis follow the same development pattern in all Callinectes studied. Mature spermatozoa are released into the seminiferous ducts through the collecting ducts. Cells of the vas deferens are secretory as evidenced by rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and secretory vesicles that produce the seminal fluid. The anterior vas deferens shows two portions: proximal and distal. In proximal portion (AVDp), spermatozoa are clustered and embedded in an electron-dense, basophilic glycoproteinaceous secretion Type I. In the distal portion (AVDd), the spermatophore wall is formed by incorporation of a less electron-dense glycoproteinaceous secretion Type II. The secretion Type I change to an acid polysaccharide-rich matrix that separates the spermatophores from each other. The median vas deferens (MVD) stores the spermatophores and produces the granular glycoproteinaceous seminal fluid. The posterior vas deferens (PVD) has few spermatophores. Its epithelium has many mitochondria and the PVD seminal fluid changes into a liquid and homogeneous glycoprotein. Many outpocketings in the PVD and MVD help to increase the fluid production. Overall, the reproductive pattern of Callinectes is similar to other species that produce sperm plugs. The secretions of AVD, MVD, and PVD are responsible for the polymerization that forms the solid, waxy plug in the seminal receptacle. The traits identified here are common to all Portunidae species studied so far.

Temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System coverage among children under 5 in the Northern Region of Brazil, 2008-2017. / Tendência temporal da cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional entre crianças menores de 5 anos da região Norte do Brasil, 2008-2017.

Objective to analyze the temporal trend of Web Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN Web) coverage of children under 5 years old in the Northern Region of Brazil between 2008-2017. Methods this was an ecological time series study with data from SISVAN Web; coverage annual percentage change (APC) was estimated using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Results SISVAN Web coverage in the Northern Region in 2008 and 2017 was 12.2% and 37.9%, respectively, with a rising trend (APC=14.2% - 95%CI 10.9;17.6); the states and health regions showed similar trends; Acre was the state with the highest APC (17.3% - 95%CI 13.6;21.1). Conclusion there was a rising trend in SISVAN Web coverage in the Northern Region as a whole, in all its states and in all its health regions.

Fatores sociodemográficos e acadêmicos relacionados à resiliência de graduandos da área da saúde / Sociodemographical and academic factors related to health graduate resilience / Factores sociodemográficos y académicos relacionados con la resiliencia de los estudiantes universitarios de salud

Objetivo: analisar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos e acadêmicos ao nível de resiliência de graduandos da área de saúde. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e analítica, realizada com 138 estudantes da área de saúde por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico e acadêmico e da escala de Resiliência de Wagnild & Young. O teste de qui-quadrado foi aplicado para analisar a associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas(categóricas) e a resiliência. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: 21,7% dos alunos possui elevada resiliência e 71,7% possuem resiliência moderada. Os fatores que mais contribuem para a resiliência são Resoluções de Ações e Valores e Autoconfiança e capacidade de adaptação. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa das variáveis lazer, satisfação com o curso e pessoas com quem o discente reside e o nível de resiliência. Conclusão: os discentes da área de saúde apresentam de moderada à alta resiliência, sendo a realização de atividades de lazer, a satisfação com o curso e a convivência com os familiares elementos associados ao seu fortalecimento.

Objective: To analyze the association of sociodemographic and academic factors with the resilience level of undergraduate health students. Method: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical research conducted with 138 health students through a sociodemographic and academic questionnaire and the Wagnild & Young Resilience scale. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the association between sociodemographic (categorical) variables and resilience. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: 21.7% of students have high resilience and 71.7% have moderate resilience. The factors that most contribute to resilience are Actions and Values Resolutions and Self-confidence and adaptability. There was a statistically significant association between the variables leisure, satisfaction with the course and people with whom the student lives and the level of resilience. Conclusion: health students have moderate to high resilience, being the performance of leisure activities, satisfaction with the course and living with family members associated with its strengthening.

Objetivo: analizar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos y académicos con el nivel de resiliencia de los estudiantes de pregrado en el área de la salud. Método: es una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y analítica, realizada con 138 estudiantes en el área de la salud a través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y académico y la escala de Resistencia de Wagnild & Young. La prueba de chi-cuadrado se aplicó para analizar la asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas (categóricas) y la resiliencia. Los valores de p <0.05 se consideraron significativos. Resultados: el 21.7% de los estudiantes tiene una alta capacidad de recuperación y el 71.7% tiene una capacidad de recuperación moderada. Los factores que más contribuyen a la resiliencia son las Resoluciones de acciones y valores y la autoconfianza y la adaptabilidad. Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables ocio, satisfacción con el curso y las personas con quienes reside el estudiante y el nivel de resiliencia. Conclusión: los estudiantes de salud tienen una resiliencia de moderada a alta, con actividades de ocio, satisfacción con el curso y elementos de convivencia familiar asociados con su fortalecimiento

Tendência temporal da cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional entre crianças menores de 5 anos da região Norte do Brasil, 2008-2017 / Tendencia temporal de la cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional entre niños menores de 5 años de la Región Norte de Brasil, 2008-2017 / Temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System coverage among children under 5 in the Northern Region of Brazil, 2008-2017

Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal da cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional Web (Sisvan Web) em menores de 5 anos de idade da região Norte brasileira, no período de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados do Sisvan Web; a variação percentual anual (VPA) da cobertura do sistema foi estimada pelo modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: na região Norte, as coberturas do SISVAN Web em 2008 e 2017 foram de 12,2% e 37,9%, respectivamente, com tendência crescente (VPA=14,2% - IC95% 10,9;17,6); os estados da região e respectivas regionais de saúde apresentaram tendências semelhantes; o Acre foi o estado que apresentou maior VPA (17,3% - IC95% 13,6;21,1). Conclusão: houve tendência crescente da cobertura do Sisvan Web na região Norte do país, assim como em todos os seus estados e regionais de saúde.

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia temporal de la cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN Web) en niños menores de 5 años en la Región Norte de Brasil entre 2008-2017. Métodos: estudio ecológico de series temporales con datos del SISVAN Web; el porcentaje de variación anual (PVA) de cobertura se estimó mediante el modelo de regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: en la Región Norte, la cobertura del SISVAN Web en 2008 y 2017 fue de 12,2% y 37,9%, respectivamente, con una tendencia creciente (PVA=14,2% - IC95% 10,9;17,6); los Estados y las Regionales de Salud presentaron resultados similares; Acre fue el Estado con el PVA más alto (17,3% - IC95% 13,6;21,1). Conclusión: hubo una tendencia creciente en la cobertura del SISVAN Web en todos los Estados y Regionales de Salud de la Región Norte entre 2008 y 2017.

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of Web Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN Web) coverage of children under 5 years old in the Northern Region of Brazil between 2008-2017. Methods: this was an ecological time series study with data from SISVAN Web; coverage annual percentage change (APC) was estimated using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Results: SISVAN Web coverage in the Northern Region in 2008 and 2017 was 12.2% and 37.9%, respectively, with a rising trend (APC=14.2% - 95%CI 10.9;17.6); the states and health regions showed similar trends; Acre was the state with the highest APC (17.3% - 95%CI 13.6;21.1). Conclusion: there was a rising trend in SISVAN Web coverage in the Northern Region as a whole, in all its states and in all its health regions.

Metabolomic approach for characterization of phenolic compounds in different wheat genotypes during grain development.

The phenolic-profiling of seven different wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes was investigated for the first time during different stages of grain development (milky, softy, physiological maturity and mature). Free and bound phenolic compounds were extracted separately and analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MSE. Total phenolic content significantly decreased, up to 50% depending on the genotype, towards the maturation of grain. The highest content (free and bound) was observed in the most immature grains, while the lowest level was found in mature grains (408.0 and 165.0 GAE mg/100 g, respectively). Globally, 237 phenolic compounds were identified, divided into 5 classes: flavonoids (85), phenolic acids (77), other polyphenols (51), lignans (16) and stilbenes (8). UPLC-MS results showed a progressively decrease of the number of phenolic identification (ID) all along grain development, milky (213), softy (192), physiological maturity (169) and mature (144). The proportion bound to free phenolic progressively increased, reaching the maximum at physiological maturity, indicating a possible enzymatic reactions and complexation during grain growth. Ferulic acid, diphyllin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid isomer, apigenin 7-O-apiosyl-glucoside isomer and myricetin isomer were the most abundant compounds. Chemometric tools showed a clear separation between immature and mature grain for all genotypes. Phenolic profile varied significantly among genotypes, this result can help the selection of varieties towards a higher retention of bioactive compounds. Noteworthy, immature wheat grains can be considered a rich source of phenolic compounds and as an attractive ingredient to incorporate to functional foods.

Coverage of food intake assessment in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System: 2008 to 2013. / Cobertura da avaliação do consumo alimentar no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional Brasileiro: 2008 a 2013.

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) provides continuous data on the nutritional status and food intake of the population user of primary health care to elaborate actions, programs, and policies. OBJECTIVE: This article describes the percentage of registration in the system, percentage of use, and coverage of food intake monitoring between 2008 and 2013. METHODS: This is an ecological study that characterizes the registered population according to federation units, macro-regions, and/or life stages. The indicators used were percentage of registration and use and coverage. The analysis used descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: In 2010, approximately 100.00% of the cities had at least one individual registered in the system while the percentage of use was 22.4%. National coverage ranged from 0.13 to 0.4% between 2008 and 2013, with a statistically significant increasing trend. The Midwest showed the highest regional coverage. All life stages presented increasing coverage trend, especially children and pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Despite the continuous data collection, food intake assessment proved to be incipient, and its distribution in the cities was low. Implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Policy can be enhanced by overcoming central issues, such as physical structure and training of professionals, which prevent the progress of system consolidation.

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) fornece dados contínuos sobre o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar da população usuária da atenção básica à saúde para a formulação de ações, programas e políticas. OBJETIVO: Neste artigo, descreve-se o percentual de cadastramento no sistema, o percentual de utilização e a cobertura do acompanhamento de consumo alimentar, entre 2008 e 2013. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, em que a população registrada é descrita segundo unidades da federação, macrorregiões e/ou fases do curso da vida. Os indicadores utilizados foram: percentual de cadastramento e de utilização e cobertura. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, modelo de regressão linear e correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Em 2010, cerca de 100,00% dos municípios apresentou indivíduo(s) cadastrado(s) e o percentual de utilização foi de 22,4%. A cobertura nacional variou de 0,13 a 0,4%, entre 2008 e 2013, com tendência estatisticamente significativa de aumento. O Centro-Oeste apresentou as mais altas coberturas regionais. Todas as fases do curso da vida apresentaram tendências de aumento da cobertura, com destaque para crianças e gestantes. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da continuidade na coleta dos dados, a avaliação do consumo alimentar mostrou-se incipiente e pouco capilarizada nos municípios. A implementação da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição pode ser potencializada mediante a superação dos problemas centrais, como estrutura física e capacitação dos profissionais, que impedem o avanço da consolidação do sistema.

Cobertura da avaliação do consumo alimentar no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional Brasileiro: 2008 a 2013 / Coverage of food intake assessment in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System: 2008 to 2013

RESUMO: Introdução: No Brasil, o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) fornece dados contínuos sobre o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar da população usuária da atenção básica à saúde para a formulação de ações, programas e políticas. Objetivo: Neste artigo, descreve-se o percentual de cadastramento no sistema, o percentual de utilização e a cobertura do acompanhamento de consumo alimentar, entre 2008 e 2013. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, em que a população registrada é descrita segundo unidades da federação, macrorregiões e/ou fases do curso da vida. Os indicadores utilizados foram: percentual de cadastramento e de utilização e cobertura. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, modelo de regressão linear e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Em 2010, cerca de 100,00% dos municípios apresentou indivíduo(s) cadastrado(s) e o percentual de utilização foi de 22,4%. A cobertura nacional variou de 0,13 a 0,4%, entre 2008 e 2013, com tendência estatisticamente significativa de aumento. O Centro-Oeste apresentou as mais altas coberturas regionais. Todas as fases do curso da vida apresentaram tendências de aumento da cobertura, com destaque para crianças e gestantes. Conclusão: Apesar da continuidade na coleta dos dados, a avaliação do consumo alimentar mostrou-se incipiente e pouco capilarizada nos municípios. A implementação da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição pode ser potencializada mediante a superação dos problemas centrais, como estrutura física e capacitação dos profissionais, que impedem o avanço da consolidação do sistema.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: In Brazil, the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) provides continuous data on the nutritional status and food intake of the population user of primary health care to elaborate actions, programs, and policies. Objective: This article describes the percentage of registration in the system, percentage of use, and coverage of food intake monitoring between 2008 and 2013. Methods: This is an ecological study that characterizes the registered population according to federation units, macro-regions, and/or life stages. The indicators used were percentage of registration and use and coverage. The analysis used descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and Spearman's correlation. Results: In 2010, approximately 100.00% of the cities had at least one individual registered in the system while the percentage of use was 22.4%. National coverage ranged from 0.13 to 0.4% between 2008 and 2013, with a statistically significant increasing trend. The Midwest showed the highest regional coverage. All life stages presented increasing coverage trend, especially children and pregnant women. Conclusion: Despite the continuous data collection, food intake assessment proved to be incipient, and its distribution in the cities was low. Implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Policy can be enhanced by overcoming central issues, such as physical structure and training of professionals, which prevent the progress of system consolidation.

Dataset on phenolic profile of seven wheat genotypes along maturation.

This article contains data on phenolic-profiling of seven wheat genotypes along maturation (softy, milky, physiological maturity and mature). This supplementary data is related to research "Metabolomic approach for characterization of phenolic compounds in different wheat genotypes during grain development" (Santos et al., 2018). Briefly, free and bound phenolic compounds were extracted with 80% ethanol (v/v) and hydrolysis processes, respectively. The aliquots resultants were separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and analyzed by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF). Data were acquired using a multiplexed MS/MS acquisition with alternating low and high energy acquisition (MSE). The phenolic compounds with their respective abundances are showed here through characterization table and multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis-HCA-and principal component analysis-PCA).

Effect of N-1 arylation of monastrol on kinesin Eg5 inhibition in glioma cell lines.

An original and focused library of two sets of dihydropyrimidin-2-thiones (DHPMs) substituted with N-1 aryl groups derived from monastrol was designed and synthesized in order to discover a more effective Eg5 ligand than the template. Based on molecular docking studies, four ligands were selected to perform pharmacological investigations against two glioma cell lines. The results led to the discovery of two original compounds, called 20h and 20e, with an anti-proliferative effects, achieving IC50 values of about half that of the IC50 of monastrol in both cell lines. As with monastrol, flow cytometry analyses showed that the 20e and 20h compounds induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and immunocytochemistry essays revealed the formation of monopolar spindles due to Eg5 inhibition without any toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans.

[Coverage of assessment of nutritional status in the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Surveillance System, 2008-2013]. / Cobertura da avaliação do estado nutricional no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional brasileiro: 2008 a 2013.

This study aims to describe and analyze nationwide coverage of the assessment of nutritional status in the user population of public health services recorded in Brazil's Online Food and Nutritional Surveillance System SISVAN) from 2008 to 2013. This was an ecological study of secondary data from information systems. The indicators were: percentages of registration in and utilization of the system; total coverage and coverage of data from the Bolsa Família Program, corrected according to the user population of the Brazilian Unified National Health System SUS) and described according to the states of Brazil and Federal District, major geographic regions, and/or life cycle phases. The analysis used descriptive statistics, linear regression for estimation of temporal variation, and Spearman's correlation between total coverage and social, demographic, and health variables. From 2008 to 2013, more than 99% of Brazil's municipalities counties) had individuals enrolled and monitored in the system, and the highest frequencies and total variations in coverage appeared in the Northeast and North. Nationwide coverage ranged from 9.78% to 14.92%, with a statistically significant upward trend. The largest volume of data was for children and adolescents. The Bolsa Família Program's share of data in SISVAN increased from 57.17% to 85.78%. The municipal human development index and per capita gross domestic product in the states were inversely correlated with coverage, and family health teams were directly correlated. The results indicate persistently low coverage for a system that is intended to be universal. The study showed a significant increase in coverage during the period analyzed and revealed factors related to this increase.

Este estudo tenciona descrever e analisar a cobertura nacional da avaliação do estado nutricional da população usuária de serviços públicos de saúde registrada no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional Web SISVAN), entre 2008 e 2013. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com dados secundários de sistemas de informação. Os indicadores construídos foram: percentuais de cadastramento e utilização; cobertura total e de dados provenientes do Programa Bolsa Família, corrigidos pela população usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) e descritos segundo as Unidades da Federação UF), macrorregiões e/ou fases do curso da vida. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, regressão linear para a estimativa da variação temporal e correlação de Spearman entre a cobertura total e variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Entre 2008 e 2013, mais de 99% dos municípios possuíam indivíduos) cadastrados) e acompanhados) no sistema e as maiores frequências e variações totais de cobertura foram alcançadas no Nordeste e Norte. A cobertura nacional variou de 9,78% a 14,92%, com tendência estatisticamente significativa de aumento. O maior volume de informações advém de crianças e adolescentes. A participação do Programa Bolsa Família no SISVAN passou de 57,17% para 85,78% dos dados. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal e o Produto Interno Bruto per capita das UF mostraram-se inversamente correlacionados à cobertura, e as equipes de saúde da família, positivamente. Os resultados apontam para uma cobertura ainda baixa para um sistema que se pretende universal. Observa-se aumento significativo da cobertura no período e desvelam-se fatores relacionados a esse aumento.

Este estudio pretende describir y analizar la cobertura nacional de la evaluación del estado nutricional de la población usuaria de servicios públicos de salud, registrada en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional Web SISVAN), entre 2008 y 2013. Se trata de un estudio ecológico con datos secundarios de sistemas de información. Los indicadores construidos fueron: porcentajes de registro y utilización; cobertura total y de datos, provenientes del Programa Beca Familia, corregidos por la población usuaria del Sistema Único de Salud SUS) y descritos según las Unidades de la Federación UF), macrorregiones y/o fases de la trayectoria de vida. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, regresión lineal para la estimativa de la variación temporal y correlación de Spearman entre la cobertura total y variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Entre 2008 y 2013, más de un 99% de los municipios contaban con individuos) registradoss) y acompañados) en el sistema y las mayores frecuencias y variaciones totales de cobertura se alcanzaron en el Nordeste y Norte. La cobertura nacional varió de 9,78% a 14,92%, con una tendencia estadísticamente significativa de aumento. El mayor volumen de información proviene de niños y adolescentes. La participación del Programa Beca Familia en el SISVAN pasó de 57,17% a un 85,78% de los datos. El Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal y el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita de las UF se mostraron inversamente correlacionados a la cobertura, y a los equipos de salud de la familia, positivamente. Los resultados indican una cobertura todavía baja para un sistema que pretende ser universal. Se observa un aumento significativo de la cobertura en el período y se desvelan factores relacionados con este aumento.

Contribuição das universidades na revisão da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde / Contribution of universities to the review of the National Health Promotion Policy

Resumo Em 2014, a Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde passou por um processo participativo de revisão, que teve como colaboradores gestores públicos, participantes de movimentos sociais, professores e pesquisadores de universidades. Nesse processo, foi necessário conhecer e analisar como se deram as contribuições dos diferentes atores envolvidos e como elas foram incorporadas à nova versão da Política. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a contribuição das universidades na revisão da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde. Utilizando-se a técnica Delphi, questionários foram enviados, por correio eletrônico, a líderes de grupos de pesquisa das universidades brasileiras; o envio foi organizado em duas rodadas, tendo a última sido realizada somente após a análise dos consensos e dissensos da primeira. A partir da análise dos formulários, concluiu-se que as contribuições das universidades à nova Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde estão relacionadas à sua estrutura, princípios e valores, objetivos, temas prioritários e eixos operacionais.

Abstract In 2014, the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS) underwent a participatory review process, with collaboration of public managers, participants of social movements, professors and researchers from universities. In this process, it was necessary to know and analyze how the contributions of the various actors involved occurred and how they were incorporated into the new version of the Policy. The aim of this study is to discuss the contribution of universities to the review of the National Health Promotion Policy. Using the Delphi technique, questionnaires were sent by e-mail to the research group leaders of the Brazilian universities; the e-mails were sent in two rounds, and the second round was only conducted after analysis of cases of consensus and dissent in relation to the first. Based on the analysis of the forms, it was concluded that the universities' contributions to the new National Health Promotion Policy are related to its structure, principles and values, objectives, priority themes, and operational axes.

Cobertura da avaliação do estado nutricional no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional brasileiro: 2008 a 2013 / Coverage of assessment of nutritional status in the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Surveillance System, 2008-2013 / Cobertura de la evaluación del estado nutricional en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional brasileño, de 2008 a 2013

Resumo: Este estudo tenciona descrever e analisar a cobertura nacional da avaliação do estado nutricional da população usuária de serviços públicos de saúde registrada no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional Web SISVAN), entre 2008 e 2013. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com dados secundários de sistemas de informação. Os indicadores construídos foram: percentuais de cadastramento e utilização; cobertura total e de dados provenientes do Programa Bolsa Família, corrigidos pela população usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) e descritos segundo as Unidades da Federação UF), macrorregiões e/ou fases do curso da vida. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, regressão linear para a estimativa da variação temporal e correlação de Spearman entre a cobertura total e variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Entre 2008 e 2013, mais de 99% dos municípios possuíam indivíduos) cadastrados) e acompanhados) no sistema e as maiores frequências e variações totais de cobertura foram alcançadas no Nordeste e Norte. A cobertura nacional variou de 9,78% a 14,92%, com tendência estatisticamente significativa de aumento. O maior volume de informações advém de crianças e adolescentes. A participação do Programa Bolsa Família no SISVAN passou de 57,17% para 85,78% dos dados. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal e o Produto Interno Bruto per capita das UF mostraram-se inversamente correlacionados à cobertura, e as equipes de saúde da família, positivamente. Os resultados apontam para uma cobertura ainda baixa para um sistema que se pretende universal. Observa-se aumento significativo da cobertura no período e desvelam-se fatores relacionados a esse aumento.

Abstract: This study aims to describe and analyze nationwide coverage of the assessment of nutritional status in the user population of public health services recorded in Brazil's Online Food and Nutritional Surveillance System SISVAN) from 2008 to 2013. This was an ecological study of secondary data from information systems. The indicators were: percentages of registration in and utilization of the system; total coverage and coverage of data from the Bolsa Família Program, corrected according to the user population of the Brazilian Unified National Health System SUS) and described according to the states of Brazil and Federal District, major geographic regions, and/or life cycle phases. The analysis used descriptive statistics, linear regression for estimation of temporal variation, and Spearman's correlation between total coverage and social, demographic, and health variables. From 2008 to 2013, more than 99% of Brazil's municipalities counties) had individuals enrolled and monitored in the system, and the highest frequencies and total variations in coverage appeared in the Northeast and North. Nationwide coverage ranged from 9.78% to 14.92%, with a statistically significant upward trend. The largest volume of data was for children and adolescents. The Bolsa Família Program's share of data in SISVAN increased from 57.17% to 85.78%. The municipal human development index and per capita gross domestic product in the states were inversely correlated with coverage, and family health teams were directly correlated. The results indicate persistently low coverage for a system that is intended to be universal. The study showed a significant increase in coverage during the period analyzed and revealed factors related to this increase.

Resumen: Este estudio pretende describir y analizar la cobertura nacional de la evaluación del estado nutricional de la población usuaria de servicios públicos de salud, registrada en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional Web SISVAN), entre 2008 y 2013. Se trata de un estudio ecológico con datos secundarios de sistemas de información. Los indicadores construidos fueron: porcentajes de registro y utilización; cobertura total y de datos, provenientes del Programa Beca Familia, corregidos por la población usuaria del Sistema Único de Salud SUS) y descritos según las Unidades de la Federación UF), macrorregiones y/o fases de la trayectoria de vida. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, regresión lineal para la estimativa de la variación temporal y correlación de Spearman entre la cobertura total y variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Entre 2008 y 2013, más de un 99% de los municipios contaban con individuos) registradoss) y acompañados) en el sistema y las mayores frecuencias y variaciones totales de cobertura se alcanzaron en el Nordeste y Norte. La cobertura nacional varió de 9,78% a 14,92%, con una tendencia estadísticamente significativa de aumento. El mayor volumen de información proviene de niños y adolescentes. La participación del Programa Beca Familia en el SISVAN pasó de 57,17% a un 85,78% de los datos. El Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal y el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita de las UF se mostraron inversamente correlacionados a la cobertura, y a los equipos de salud de la familia, positivamente. Los resultados indican una cobertura todavía baja para un sistema que pretende ser universal. Se observa un aumento significativo de la cobertura en el período y se desvelan factores relacionados con este aumento.

[Conflict of interest in the training and practices of nutritionists: regulation is necessary]. / Conflito de interesses na formação e prática do nutricionista: regulamentar é preciso.

Transnational "Big Food" companies use advertising strategies to influence nutritionists, professors and students of nutrition. There are, however, conflicts of interest in this relationship. The scope of this study is to conduct a narrative review on the influence of the food industry in training in nutrition. It was revealed that industries seek to induce the recommendation, the prescription and the consumption of products by students and nutritionists through strategies such as sponsorship of scientific meetings, travel funding and the distribution of promotional gifts. However, acceptance of these gifts can generate a moral obligation to reciprocate, thereby jeopardizing the judgment of information and decision on professional conduct. At the University, the advertising occurs mainly through sponsorship of events and research funding, donation of materials and structures and publicity in the classroom. Regulating the conduct of the private sector in the academic arena is essential and, in this perspective, the implementation of regulatory measures to limit the inclusion of the food industry in undergraduate courses in nutrition is recommended to ensure that nutritionists will be better prepared to perform their tasks in and ethical and unbiased manner.

A Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional brasileira na produção científica e nos serviços de saúde / The Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance in scientific literature and public health services

Introdução: A Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (VAN) é um conjunto de estratégias de Vigilância em Saúde, incluindo o Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN), para monitorar e analisar continuamente as condições alimentares e nutricionais da população usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com o objetivo de subsidiar ações, programas e políticas. Objetivos: Descrever a produção científica brasileira recente sobre VAN e analisar em que medida a concepção presente nos trabalhos se aproxima do conceito estabelecido na Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (2012); e descrever as coberturas da avaliação do estado nutricional e do consumo alimentar da população usuária de serviços públicos de saúde registrada no SISVAN Web, entre 2008 e 2013. Métodos: O presente estudo está organizado em dois eixos metodológicos: uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o conceito de VAN presente na produção científica brasileira recente e dois estudos originais ecológicos com descrição das coberturas da avaliação do estado nutricional e do consumo alimentar a partir dos dados do SISVAN Web. Resultados: Na revisão bibliográfica, foram identificados artigos majoritariamente voltados para a análise de inquéritos populacionais, com menor contribuição sobre sistemas de informação em saúde e avaliação de serviços de saúde. Nos estudos originais, a cobertura total média do estado nutricional no Brasil variou de 9,78 por cento a 14,92 por cento ; e a do consumo alimentar variou de 0,13 por cento a 0,41 por cento . Ambas apresentaram tendência estatisticamente significativa de aumento e diferenças entre as unidades da federação e macrorregiões. Verificou-se a priorização da VAN voltada para o público materno-infantil, a proveniência dos dados de estado nutricional relacionada ao público prioritário do Programa Bolsa Família, e de consumo alimentar relacionada à presença de nutricionistas na Atenção Básica

Introduction: The Food and Nutrition Surveillance (FNS) is a set of surveillance strategies within the Health Surveillance, which includes the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN), that aims at continuously monitoring and analyzing the food and nutritional status of the population attended by the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) and supporting actions, programs and policies. Objectives: to describe the Brazilian scientific literature on FNS and analyze to what extent the studies approach is linked/associated to the concept of the National Food and Nutrition Policy (2012); to analyze the coverage of the assessment of the nutritional status and the food intake of the users of the public health services registered on the Web SISVAN between 2008 and 2013. Methods: This study is organized in two methodological axes: a literature review on the concept of FNS present in recent Brazilian scientific production and two original ecological studies describing the assessment of the coverage of the nutritional status and food intake from the Web SISVAN data. Results: In the literature review, we found that the papers were mainly focused on the analysis of population surveys with smaller contribution of studies on health information systems and evaluation of health services. In the original studies, the average full coverage in Brazil ranged from 9.78 per cent to 14.92 per cent for the nutritional status and from 0.13 per cent to 0.41 per cent for the food intake. Both showed statistically significant trends of increase and differences between the Brazilian Federal Units and macro-regions. The FNS was prioritized for mother-child pairs, priority public of the Bolsa Familia Program, in the case of nutrition status data, and related to the presence of nutritionists in the primary healthcare services, in the case of food intake data

Conflito de interesses na formação e prática do nutricionista: regulamentar é preciso / Conflict of interest in the training and practices of nutritionists: regulation is necessary

Resumo As indústrias de alimentos utilizam estratégias de publicidade para influenciar nutricionistas, professores e estudantes de Nutrição, contudo, estas relações possuem conflitos de interesses. Este estudo objetiva realizar revisão narrativa sobre a influência das indústrias de alimentos na formação em Nutrição. Verificou-se que indústrias buscam induzir a recomendação, a prescrição e o consumo dos produtos por estudantes e nutricionistas, por meio de estratégias, como patrocínio de eventos científicos, financiamento de viagens e distribuição de brindes. Porém, aceitar a hospitalidade pode gerar obrigação moral de retribuir, comprometendo o julgamento das informações e a decisão sobre a conduta profissional. Na Universidade, a publicidade ocorre, principalmente, por meio do patrocínio de eventos e financiamento de pesquisas, materiais e estruturas e propaganda em sala de aula. Regulamentar a presença do setor privado na área acadêmica é fundamental e, nesta perspectiva, sugere-se a elaboração de medidas regulatórias que limitem a inserção de indústrias de alimentos nos cursos de graduação em Nutrição para que nutricionistas sejam mais bem preparados para desempenhar suas atribuições com ética e autonomia.

Abstract Transnational “Big Food” companies use advertising strategies to influence nutritionists, professors and students of nutrition. There are, however, conflicts of interest in this relationship. The scope of this study is to conduct a narrative review on the influence of the food industry in training in nutrition. It was revealed that industries seek to induce the recommendation, the prescription and the consumption of products by students and nutritionists through strategies such as sponsorship of scientific meetings, travel funding and the distribution of promotional gifts. However, acceptance of these gifts can generate a moral obligation to reciprocate, thereby jeopardizing the judgment of information and decision on professional conduct. At the University, the advertising occurs mainly through sponsorship of events and research funding, donation of materials and structures and publicity in the classroom. Regulating the conduct of the private sector in the academic arena is essential and, in this perspective, the implementation of regulatory measures to limit the inclusion of the food industry in undergraduate courses in nutrition is recommended to ensure that nutritionists will be better prepared to perform their tasks in and ethical and unbiased manner.

New hits as phase II enzymes inducers from a focused library with heteroatom-heteroatom and Michael-acceptor motives.

The increased activity of phase-II-detoxification enzymes, such as quinone reductase (QR) and glutation S-transferase (GST), correlates with protection against chemically induced carcinogenesis. Herein we studied 11 different chemotypes, pyrazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiazole, 1,3,4-oxathiazole, thienyl hydrazone, α,ß-unsaturated-oxime, α,ß-unsaturated-N-oxide, coumarin and α,ß-unsaturated-carbonyl, as phase-II enzymes inducers in order to identify new pharmacophores with chemopreventive activity. Fifty-four compounds were analyzed on wild-type mouse-hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 and on the aryl-hydrocarbon-nuclear-translocator (Arnt)-defective mutant BpRc1 cells. New monofunctional inducers of QR and GST were identified, the 1,2,5-oxadiazol-2-oxide (3), the 1,2,4-triazine-4-oxides (23) and (32) and the tetrahydropyrimidinones (28) and (49). It was confirmed that Nrf2 nuclear translocation is the operative molecular mechanism that allows compound (3) to exert protective effects via expression of downstream phase-II enzymes.

Estratégia saúde da família e a formação contínua: reflexões sobre a formação no e a partir do trabalho / Family health strategy and continuing education: reflections on training in and from work

Esta pesquisa visou o estudo das atividades de formação voltadas aos trabalhadores da saúde que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) da Área Programática ou de Planejamento (AP) 4.0 situada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma análise da formação no e a partir do trabalho instituída como educação permanente dirigida aos trabalhadores da saúde que atuam nas equipes de saúde da família desta AP, à luz dos fundamentos da formação contínua. Justifica-se por problematizar a necessidade de uma formação que não se esgote na formação inicial, tendo continuidade ao longo da vida, e orientada para o desenvolvimento de competências. Competências no sentido de saber mobilizar-se frente a situações complexas, por meio de uma práxis reflexiva e dialética, centrada na articulação entre o saber, o saber fazer e o saber ser, rumo à integralidade nas práticas de saúde. As principais bases conceituais que a fundamentaram foram: Formação Contínua; Processo de Trabalho em Saúde, e Trabalho e Educação. Foi realizado por meio de um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa mediante uma análise compreensiva e interpretativa, com triangulação das fontes de dados, de modo a desenvolver uma linha convergente de investigação e a corroborar os fatos ou fenômenos evidenciados no estudo. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram os trabalhadores da saúde de nível superior que atuam nas equipes de saúde da família de duas unidades de saúde situadas na AP 4.0, além do coordenador do Núcleo de Educação Permanente. A pesquisa foi realizada com base na Resolução 466 de 2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde que dispõe sobre as Diretrizes e Normas Regulamentadoras de Pesquisas envolvendo Seres Humanos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio do uso de múltiplas fontes de evidência, tais como, observação participante, pesquisa documental, e entrevista semi-estruturada...

This research aimed to study the activities of training directed to health workers who work in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) the Program Area or Planning (AP) 4.0 located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro.It is an analysis of the formation to and from work established as permanent education directed to health workers who work in family health teams this AP, in the light of the grounds of continuing training. It is justified by problematizing the need for training that is not limited to initial training, having continuity along the life, and oriented to the development of competences. Powers in the sense of knowing how to mobilize face-to complex situations, by means of a reflexive praxis and dialectics, focusing on the link between the knowledge, know-how and how to be, toward the integrality of health practices. The main conceptual bases that motivated were: Continuous Training; Work Process in Health and Work and Education. It was carried out by means of a case study, a qualitative approach through a comprehensive analysis and interpretative, triangulation of data sources, in order to develop a converged line of research and to corroborate the facts or phenomena identified in the study. The subjects of this study were the health workers of higher level working in family health teams of two health units located in AP 4.0, in addition to the coordinator of the Center for Continuing Education. The research was carried out on the basis of Resolution 466 of 2012 by the National Health Council, which has on the Guidelines and Regulatory Standards for Research involving Human Beings. The data collection was carried out through the use of multiple sources of evidence, such as participant observation, documentary research, and semi-structured interview...

Seasonal influence and cytotoxicity of extracts, fractions and major compounds from Allamanda schottii

The aim of this research was to evaluate the fractions obtained from the leaf, stem and roots of Allamanda schottii Pohl, Apocynaceae, responsible for the cytotoxicity, using several cell lines. Cytotoxicity was correlated with the season the part of the plant, and the major compounds were assessed. The ethanol extracts of leaves, stems and roots obtained at different seasons were evaluated in the human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia cell line (K562). Subsequently the ethanol extracts and dichloromethane fractions collected in winter were evaluated in mouse fibroblast cell line (Mus musculus) (L929), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human pre-B leukemia (Nalm6), as well as K562 cell line. The compounds plumericin, plumieride and ursolic acid isolated from ethanol extracts of the stems were evaluated in the same cell lines, as well as on breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), and Mus musculus skin melanoma cell line (B16F10). The chromatographic profiles of the dichloromethane fractions were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that the season during which A. schottii was collected, and the part of the plant analyzed, influence the cytotoxicity on the K562 cells tested. On the other hand the dichloromethane fractions, mainly from the stems and roots, are responsible for the cytoxicity on the cells tested. These results may be associated with the seasonal variation of plumericin in these parts of the plant. This information is in accordance with the HPLC analysis. The results clearly show the potential for the phytotherapeutic use of this species, and suggest that the cytotoxic activity observed may be due to the presence of plumericin, or to minor compounds not yet identified. The seasonal influence on the production of secondary metabolites was verified.