Autopercepción del conocimiento de disfagia por profesionales de la salud oral / Self-perception of knowledge of dysphagia by oral health professionals

Introducción: la disfagia es la alteración en los mecanismos de la deglución que coexiste con múltiples enfermedades y condiciones. El conocimiento amplio de esta alteración generará mejores diagnósticos y tratamientos para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Aunque esta alteración podría ser del dominio común por especialistas en el área de la salud, principalmente la oral, no existe información reciente del nivel de conocimiento sobre la disfagia en el personal odontológico. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la disfagia en un grupo de profesionales de la salud oral de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Material y método: se realizó un estudio trasversal descriptivo en un grupo de 241 odontólogos (pasantes de servicio social, odontólogos generales, periodoncistas, endodoncistas, rehabilitadores, odontopediatras y ortodoncistas) a través de una encuesta, los reactivos utilizados fueron sobre conocimiento de la disfagia, métodos de diagnóstico, signos y síntomas, tratamiento y complicaciones. Resultados: la mitad de la población encuestada refirió conocer los trastornos de la deglución (64.7%). Contrastantemente, al utilizar el término «disfagia¼, la postura del conocimiento disminuyó considerablemente (40.7%). Finalmente, los valores más bajos de la encuesta se mostraron en la falta de conocimiento sobre identificación de signos y síntomas de la disfagia (36.1%), métodos de diagnóstico (20.7%), tratamientos (18.7%) y complicaciones (23.2%). Conclusión: existe un bajo conocimiento de los trastornos de la deglución autopercibido por los profesionales de la odontología, lo que sugiere la búsqueda de los factores que ocasionan la falta del conocimiento de los profesionales del área odontológica (AU)

Introduction: dysphagia is the alteration in swallowing mechanisms that coexists with multiple diseases and conditions. The broad knowledge of this alteration will generate better diagnoses and treatments for the improvement of the quality of life of these patients. Although this alteration could be common domain by specialists in the area of health, mainly oral, there is no recent information on the level of knowledge about dysphagia in dental personnel. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about dysphagia in a group of oral health professionals from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Material and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 241 dentists (social service intern, general dentists, periodontists, endodontists, rehabilitators, pediatric dentists and orthodontists) through a survey, the reagents used were on knowledge of dysphagia, diagnostic methods, signs and symptoms, treatment and complications. Results: half of the surveyed population reported knowing swallowing disorders (64.7%). In contrast, when using the term «dysphagia¼ the posture of knowledge decreased considerably (40.7%). Finally, the lowest values in the survey were found in the lack of knowledge about identification of signs and symptoms of dysphagia (36.1%), diagnostic methods (20.7%), treatments (18.7%) and complications (23.2%). Conclusion: there is a low knowledge of self-perceived swallowing disorders by dentists, which suggests the search for the factors that cause the lack of knowledge of dental professionals (AU)

Evaluación antifúngica del ozono contra Candida albicans: estudio in vitro / Antifungal evaluation of ozone against Candida albicans: in vitro study

Introducción: la Candida albicans (C. albicans) es un patógeno fúngico que puede causar infecciones superficiales o potencialmente mortales. Los biofilms de C. albicans muestran rasgos fenotípicos únicos, el más destacado es su notable resistencia a una amplia variedad de agentes antimicóticos. Una de las alternativas para inhibir el crecimiento de este microorganismo es el ozono debido a sus propiedades bactericidas, fungicidas y virucidas; sin embargo, escasa información ha sido reportada en C. albicans. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto fungicida del ozono en C. albicans. Material y métodos: la metodología consistió en agregar ozono a tubos de ensayo con medios de caldo nutritivo en diversas concentraciones y tiempos de ozonización. El efecto fungicida fue determinado con la determinación del número de colonias de C. albicans en agar nutritivo a través de procedimiento microbiológicos estandarizados por triplicado. Resultados: todas las muestras con ozono mostraron adecuados niveles de inhibición de crecimiento del microorganismo. Además, el efecto fungicida del ozono se encontró para ser significativamente dependiente del tiempo de ozonización y de la concentración. Conclusión: el uso de terapia con ozono podría tener potencial en el control de infecciones micóticas causadas por la presencia de C. albicans (AU)

Introduction: Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a fungal pathogen that can cause superficial or life-threatening infections. Biofilms of C. albicans display unique phenotypic traits, the most prominent being their remarkable resistance to a wide variety of antifungal agents. One of the alternatives to inhibit the growth of this microorganism is ozone due to its bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal properties; however, little information has been reported on C. albicans. Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the fungicidal effect of ozone on C. albicans. Material and methods: the methodology consisted in adding ozone to test tubes with nutrient broth media in various concentrations and ozonation times. The fungicidal effect was determined by determining the number of colonies of C. albicans in nutrient agar through standardized microbiological procedures in triplicate. Results: all the ozone samples showed adequate levels of growth inhibition of the microorganism. Furthermore, the fungicidal effect of ozone was found to be significantly dependent on ozonation time and concentration. Conclusion: the use of ozone therapy could have potential in the control of fungal infections caused by the presence of C. albicans (AU)

Evaluación de lesiones orales en pacientes intubados y su asociación con el motivo de hospitalización / Evaluation of oral lesions in intubated patients and its association with the reason of hospitalization

asistencia ventilatoria cuando la vía aérea y la consciencia están comprometidas. Los elementos utilizados en este procedimiento se encuentran en contacto directo con estructuras dentofaciales, causando diversos tipos de lesiones, principalmente bucales. Aunque existen cuidados clínicos durante procesos de intubación, hay poca información, particularmente de la zona norte del país donde se hayan evaluado las posibles asociaciones entre los motivos de consulta más frecuentes y las diversas características, tanto clínicas como no clínicas de pacientes que han sido intubados. Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones bucodentales más frecuentes en pacientes intubados, así como explorar las posibles asociaciones de acuerdo con los motivos de intubación más frecuentes. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y comparativo en el cual se evaluaron alteraciones bucodentales y sistémicas de pacientes intubados. Los grupos de estudio se desarrollaron de acuerdo con el motivo de intubación y la determinación de las asociaciones fue con cada una de las alteraciones bucodentales y sistémicas. Resultados: El motivo de intubación más frecuente fue el evento cerebral vascular (EVC) y las alteraciones dentofaciales más prevalentes fueron caries, lengua saburral y cálculo dental, entre otras. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes con EVC, mostrando una mayor frecuencia en tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus, así como en la presencia de gingivitis y úlceras. Pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) tuvieron mayor frecuencia en la presencia de periodontitis. Conclusión: El motivo de hospitalización y las condiciones sistémicas preexistentes pueden ser un factor de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones bucales específicas antes y durante el periodo de intubación (AU)

Introduction: Intubation is a procedure that allows ventilatory assistance when the airway and consciousness are compromised. The elements used in this procedure are in direct contact with dentofacial structures causing various types of injuries, mainly oral. Although there is clinical care during intubation processes, there is little information, particularly from the northern part of the country where the possible associations between the most frequent reasons for consultation and the various clinical and non-clinical characteristics of patients who have been intubated have been evaluated. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to identify the most frequent oral alterations in intubated patients, as well as to explore possible associations according to the most frequent reasons for intubation. Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out in which oral and systemic alterations of intubated patients were evaluated. The study groups were formed according to the reason for intubation and the association was determined with each of the oral and systemic disorders. Results: The most frequent reason for intubation was the vascular cerebral event (CVA) and the most prevalent dentofacial alterations were caries, coated tongue, and dental calculus, among others. In addition, significant differences were found between patients with CVA, showing a higher frequency in smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, as well as in the presence of gingivitis and ulcers. Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) had a higher frequency in the presence of periodontitis. Conclusion: The reason for hospitalization and pre-existing systemic conditions can be a risk factor for developing specific oral lesions before and during the intubation period (AU)

Expression of MicroRNAs in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammation of the soft tissues that support the structure of the tooth, and miRNAs are highly dynamic molecules that participate in the regulation of gene expression interfering with multiple genetic targets. The dysregulation of the expression of miRNAs has been associated with different types of pathologies; therefore, they are excellent molecules to be studied as biomarkers. Material and Methods. A search was made in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The following key words were used: "microRNAs," "miRNAs," "periodontal disease," "periodontitis," and "biomarker"; employee independent search strategies with the Boolean operators "OR" and "AND"; a further search of the references of the selected studies was performed to detect potential studies that met the selection criteria. The data recollected from each article were author, country, year of publication, sample size, type of sample used to identify miRNAs, methodology used to identify miRNAs, type of periodontal disease, and miRNAs identified. RESULTS: Of the 13 selected studies, 6 used gingival tissue as a sample for the identification of miRNAs, 3 used gingival fluid, 2 used saliva, 1 used serum, and another used periodontal tissue. Chronic periodontitis was the most studied periodontal disease in 9 of the 13 selected articles; 7 used microarrays as the main technique for the identification of miRNAs. qRT-PCR was the assay choice to validate the identified miRNAs. CONCLUSION: The main type of periodontal disease on which most studies are focused is chronic periodontitis, with the main miRNAs being hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-155, and hsa-miR-200. This systematic review is one of the first to carry out an analysis of the current role of miRNAs in PD as biomarkers.

Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Cellulose Hydrogels Enriched with Larrea tridentata for Regenerative Applications.

INTRODUCTION: Tissue engineering is an elementary necessity for several applications in the biomedical field through the use of several biopolymers derived from plants. Larrea tridentata (LT) is a very used plant for various medicinal applications with interesting properties; however, its use into cellulose hydrogels for possible regenerative therapeutics is still limited. Cellulose films could be applied in medical field as wound healing, scaffold for connective tissue for periodontal applications, and so on. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and in vivo and in vitro biocompatibility of cellulose hydrogels that have been enriched with LT in a rat model. METHODS: By in vivo and in vitro assays, the concentration of LT was varied from 1 to 5 wt%, respectively. Hydrogel films were implanted intramuscularly into female Wistar rats, 250 g in weight and aged 2 months, to analyze their cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. RESULTS: No case showed any evidence of inflammation or toxicity. Regarding cell morphology and adhesion, the prepared LT cellulose films had better cytocompatibility values than when polystyrene (PS) dishes were used as the control. In all cases, the results suggest that the addition of LT to the hydrogel films did not affect their cytocompatibility or biocompatibility properties and increases their clinical application due to the reported uses of LT. CONCLUSIONS: Cellulose hydrogel films enriched with LT have the potential to be used in the biomedical field acting as regenerative scaffolds.