ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy alludes to personal competence in an individual's effectiveness when facing stressful situations. This construct has been related to different domains of the health field, finding that high levels of self-efficacy benefit human functioning and enhance well-being. METHODS: The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the self-efficacy scale for managing chronic diseases (SEMCD-S) by assessing factorial, convergent and divergent validity, reliability, and measurement invariance. Likewise, the comparison of self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics was proposed by contrasting latent factors. An instrumental, transactional, descriptive, and non-experimental design study was carried out with the participation of 325 Colombian senior citizens. RESULTS: The findings suggest that the scale has appropriate psychometric properties. The one-factor structure exhibited a satisfactory fit, the mean-variance extracted reported acceptable figures and the correlation analysis with other constructs supported this instrument's convergent and discriminant validity. Likewise, it was invariant to the different socio-demographic aspects examined, while the internal consistency figures were high. Differences in the means of the latent factors were only detected in the academic grade. In this case, older adults with a primary school level attained higher self-efficacy values than those who had completed high school or university studies. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the self-efficacy scale for chronic disease management is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in the Colombian context to measure and compare this construct.
Subject(s)
Disease Management , Self Efficacy , Humans , Aged , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Colombia , Chronic Disease , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The content, management, and implementation of social skills have been developed since the end of the 20th century as a model of capabilities. Thus, as human beings develop and train their basic cognitive and perceptual-motor functions, they increase their ability to solve and cope with difficulties. This article aims to present a bibliometric and systematic review of social skills, using query sources in databases such as Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus between the years 2000 and 2022, with platforms such as Bibliometrix and Gephi. This search yielded a total of 233 records in WoS and 250 records in Scopus that were merged and, after eliminating 143 duplicate data, were consolidated into 340 records that enclose the academic production of 20 years. Through scientific mapping, the main authors, journals, and countries in this field were determined; similarly, the most relevant studies were classified into three categories, namely, classic, structural, and perspectives, which were represented by means of the metaphor of the tree of science. In addition, a program for further studies was planned, such as in-depth qualitative research measuring observationally and directly taking into account emotional expressiveness, emotional understanding, emotion regulation, and behavior, and the impact of social skills training on social problem-solving. Finally, another important aspect to mention is that this research work is useful for the scientific academic community in many areas of knowledge such as psychology, education, and managers of educational institutions.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La situación actual dada por la COVID-19 no solamente ha afectado la economía y la salud de muchos países sino también ha ocasionado un sinnúmero de problemáticas en la salud mental de la población en general. Por lo cual, es menester el compromiso y la investigación por parte de profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales y la Psicología. Objetivo: Estructurar un método de análisis para valorar y tipificar perfiles psicométricos de salud mental positiva en población colombiana en situación de confinamiento por la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Se revisó la literatura relacionada con salud mental positiva y la técnica multivariada de análisis de conglomerados; se tomó una muestra de 270 hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 75 años, a los que se les aplicó la escala de Salud Mental Positiva, propuesta por Lluch, relacionada con los factores satisfacción personal, actitud prosocial, autocontrol, autonomía, resolución de problemas y autoactualización, y habilidades de relaciones interpersonales; se aplicó la técnica multivariada de análisis de conglomerados para establecer los perfiles psicométricos de Salud Mental Positiva. Resultados: Muestran 4 perfiles que tipifican la Salud Mental Positiva en confinamiento, fueron valorados el perfil 1 con un promedio de 2,05 y el perfil 2 con 2,69, situándose en una clasificación media, mientras que el perfil 3 con un promedio de 3,13 y el perfil 4 con un promedio de 3,32, se sitúan en una clasificación alta de salud mental positiva. Conclusiones: El método de análisis propuesto es significativo para valorar y tipificar perfiles psicométricos de Salud Mental Positiva en situación de confinamiento por la COVID-19(AU)
Introduction: The current situation given by the COVID-19 has not only affected the economy and health of many countries, but has also caused a number of problems in the mental health of the general population. Therefore, the commitment and research among professionals in the social sciences and psychology is necessary. Objective: To structure a method of analysis to evaluate and typify psychometric profiles of positive mental health in the Colombian population in a situation of confinement by COVID-19. Material and Methods: We reviewed the literature related to positive mental health and the multivariate technique of cluster analysis. We took a sample of 270 men and women between the ages of 18 and 75, to whom we applied the Positive Mental Health Scale proposed by Lluch related to the factors of personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problem solving and self-updating, and interpersonal relationship skills. We applied the multivariate technique of cluster analysis to establish the psychometric profiles of positive mental health. Results: Four profiles that typify positive mental health in confinement were shown, with profile 1 being rated with an average of 2.05 and profile 2 with 2.69 being in a medium rating, while profile 3 with an average of 3.13 and profile 4 with an average of 3.32 being in a high rating of positive mental health. Conclusions: The proposed method of analysis is significant to evaluate and typify psychometric profiles of positive mental health in confinement by COVID-19(AU)
