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1.
J Sci Food Agric ; 2024 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39092901

ABSTRACT

Concerns about food safety have consistently driven the exploration of potent antimicrobials with probiotic origins. Identification of probiotic-derived bacteriocins as robust alternatives to antibiotics has gained traction following the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the global market is witnessing an increasing preference for minimally processed food products free from chemical additives. Another contributing factor to the search for potent antimicrobials is the escalating number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to mitigate the significant damage inflicted on the commensal human microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics. As an alternative bio-preservation strategy, there is substantial enthusiasm for the use of bacteriocins or starter cultures producing bacteriocins in preserving a variety of food items. This review specifically focuses on bacteriocins originating from lactic acid bacteria associated with fermented foods and explores their technological applications as nanobiotics. The food-grade antibiotic alternatives, whether utilized independently or in combination with other antimicrobials and administered directly or encapsulated, are anticipated to possess qualities of safety, stability and non-toxicity suitable for application in the food sector. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 18000, 2024 Aug 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39097655

ABSTRACT

Group decision-making (GDM) is crucial in various components of graph theory, management science, and operations research. In particular, in an intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making problem, the experts communicate their preferences using intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs). This approach is a way that decision-makers rank or select the most desirable alternatives by gathering criteria-based information to estimate the best alternatives using a wider range of knowledge and experience. This article proposes a new statistical measure in a fuzzy environment when the data is ambiguous or unreliable to solve a decision-making problem. This study uses the variation coefficient measure combined with intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IFG) and Laplacian energy (LE) to solve a GDM problem that utilizes intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) to select a reliable alliance partner. Initially, the Laplacian energy determines the weight of individual standards, and the obtained weight average further estimates the overall criterion weight vector. We establish the authority criteria weights using the variation coefficient measure and then ultimately rank the alternatives for each criterion using the same measure. We examine four distinct companies Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Zeta to conduct a realistic GDM to choose which alliance partner would be ideal. We successfully implemented the suggested technique, determining that Alpha satisfies company standards and is ranked first among other companies. Moreover, this technique is useful for all kinds of Intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making problems to select optimal ones.

4.
Heliyon ; 10(12): e32763, 2024 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38994076

ABSTRACT

Multi-environment trials (MET) are crucial for selecting genotypes that are well-suited to different environmental conditions. Incorporating multiple traits in the analysis can provide more reliable recommendations for selecting genotypes with desirable traits, including resistance to the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) and high yield potential. The use of a Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI) is a good approach for analyzing the stability of genotypes across multiple traits under MYMV stress. In the present investigation, the performance of thirteen green gram genotypes were evaluated for traits such as yield, plant height, number of branches per plant, and resistance to MYMV. The main objective of the study is to identify highly productive and stable mung bean genotypes resistant to MYMV. MTSI can be calculated by combining information on the performance of genotypes across multiple traits and environmental conditions to provide a single index that indicates the overall stability of genotypes across traits and environments. The results helped to identify two green gram genotypes (Yadadri and JNG-18) that were high-yielding with stable resistance to MYMV stress across multiple environmental conditions. This can provide useful information to breeders for the development of suitable genotypes against MYMV in the affected areas.

5.
Reprod Toxicol ; : 108665, 2024 Jul 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39009194

ABSTRACT

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of carbamazepine on prenatal development, including maternal-fetal, external, visceral, and skeletal toxicity. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the effects of orally administered Carbamazepine at a lower dose range in Wistar rats. Pregnant female rats were randomly distributed into control (G1) group administered with distilled water orally (n=8), low dose (G2) group administered at 25mg/kg, intermediate dose (G3) group at 50mg/kg, and high dose (G4) group at 100mg/kg through oral gavage from gestation day (GD) 5-19. Pregnant female rats were scheduled to necropsy on gestation day (GD) 20. During the evaluation, the uterus was observed for number of live or viable fetuses, dead fetuses, early resorptions, late resorptions, number of corpora lutea and the sex ratio (m/f) per litter. Further, fetuses were subjected to materno-fetal examination which included observation for placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord followed by external evaluation. Additionally, half of the fetuses were subjected to visceral, craniofacial evaluation and other half of the fetuses were subjected to skeletal evaluation by double staining method using Alcian Blue for cartilages and Alizarin Red S for bones. It was observed that there was a significant decrease in the rate of pregnancy in the intermediate dose (G3) group and in high dose (G4) group when compared with the control group. Moreover, treatment with the Carbamazepine caused significant increase in fetal malformations such as dilation of lateral and third ventricle in brain, in intermediate dose (G3) group and high dose (G4) group when compared with the control (G1) group, dilation of ureters in high dose (G4) group. Fetal skeletal malformations like bent and nodulated ribs were also observed in intermediate dose (G3) group. Existing research substantially supports the claim that carbamazepine can cause teratogenic effects and prenatal development toxicity even at a lower dose range.

6.
Biomed Chromatogr ; : e5965, 2024 Jul 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39039650

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of the existing remdesivir intravenous formulation (100 mg dose) against the newly developed oral formulation (20 mg dose) for remdesivir and its active nucleoside metabolite (GS-441524) in beagle dogs followed by healthy human volunteers. A quantification method for remdesivir and its active nucleoside metabolite (GS-441524) in beagle dog and human plasma has been developed and validated using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection. The analytical methods for beagle dogs and human differ in the calibration curve range, plasma matrix, processing volume, reconstitution volume and injection volume; however all other parameters were same in both methods. A simple protein precipitation extraction was carried out using acetonitrile containing the internal standard remdesivir D5. Remdesivir and GS-441524 were separated on an Endurus C-18P, 100 × 4.6 mm, 3 µm column and detected using a mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. The ion transitions used were m/z 603.1 → m/z 200.0 for remdesivir, m/z 292.0 → m/z 202.2 for GS-441524 and m/z 608.2 → m/z 205.1 for remdesivir D5. The calibration curve results were linear in beagle dog plasma (2.0-2,000.8 ng/ml range for remdesivir and 2.0-1,500.4 ng/ml for GS-441524) and human plasma (30.0-4,503.9 ng/ml range for remdesivir and 2.0-200.4 ng/ml for GS-441524). The recovery was >90% in beagle dog and human plasma. These methods were successfully used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of the intravenous injection and subcutaneous tablets dosage forms in beagle dogs and healthy humans.

7.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 201: 114386, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950717

ABSTRACT

The goal of the study was to fabricate folic acid functionalized docetaxel (DOC)/erlotinib (ERL)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to synergistically increase the anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer. DOC/ERL-SLNs were prepared by the high shear homogenization - ultrasound dispersion method (0.1 % w/v for DOC, and 0.3 %w/v for ERL) and optimized using Plackett Burman Design (PBD) followed by Box Behnken Design (BBD). The optimized SLNs demonstrated particle size < 200 nm, PDI < 0.35, and negative zeta potential with entrapment and loading efficiency of ∼80 and ∼4 %, respectively. The SLNs and folic acid functionalized SLNs (FA-SLNs) showed sustained release for both drugs, followed by Higuchi and Korsemeyer-Peppas drug release models, respectively. Further, the in vitro pH-stat lipolysis model demonstrated an approximately 3-fold increase in the bioaccessibility of drugs from SLNs compared to suspension. The TEM images revealed the spherical morphology of the SLNs. DOC/ERL loaded SLNs showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and exhibited a synergism at a molar ratio of 1:3 in TNBC with a combination index of 0.35 and 0.37, respectively. FA-DOC/ERL-SLNs showed enhanced anticancer activity as evidenced by MMP and ROS assay and further inhibited the colony-forming ability and the migration capacity of TNBC cells. Conclusively, the study has shown that SLNs are encouraging systems to improve the pharmaceutical attributes of poorly bioavailable drugs.


Subject(s)
Docetaxel , Drug Liberation , Drug Synergism , Erlotinib Hydrochloride , Lipids , Nanoparticles , Particle Size , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Docetaxel/administration & dosage , Docetaxel/pharmacology , Docetaxel/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Erlotinib Hydrochloride/administration & dosage , Erlotinib Hydrochloride/pharmacology , Erlotinib Hydrochloride/pharmacokinetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Lipids/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Cell Survival/drug effects , Folic Acid/chemistry , Liposomes
8.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 276(Pt 1): 133745, 2024 Jul 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38986991

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide, a Maillard reaction product, formed in fried food poses a serious concern to food safety due to its neurotoxic and carcinogenic nature. A "Green Approach" using L-Asparaginase enzyme from GRAS-status bacteria synergized with hydrocolloid protective coating could be effective in inhibiting acrylamide formation. To fill this void, the present study reports a new variant of type-II L-asparaginase (AsnLb) from Levilactobacillus brevis NKN55, a food-grade bacterium isolated using a unique metabolite profiling approach. The recombinant AsnLb enzyme was characterized to study acrylamide inhibition ability and showed excellent specificity towards L-asparagine (157.2 U/mg) with Km, Vmax of 0.833 mM, 4.12 mM/min respectively. Pretreatment of potato slices with AsnLb (60 IU/mL) followed by zein-pectin nanocomplex led to >70% reduction of acrylamide formation suggesting synergistic effect of this dual component system. The developed strategy can be employed as a sustainable treatment method by food industries for alleviating acrylamide formation and associated health hazard in fried foods.

9.
Environ Res ; 259: 119532, 2024 Jul 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38960360

ABSTRACT

The development of effective photocatalysts for the reduction of Cr(VI) and the degradation of antibiotics remains a challenge. The present work reports the development of a novel heterojunction composite material, BiOCl/BaTiO3@Co-BDC-MOF (BOC/BTO@Co-MOF), based on solvothermal techniques. To characterize the surface and bulk features of the material, techniques such as FE-SEM, HR-TEM, BET/BJH, XPS, FT-IR, p-XRD, and UV-Vis-DRS were used. Based on the results, the BiOCl/BaTiO3 nanocomposites are uniformly dispersed on the rod-shaped Co-BDC MOF, resulting in a layered texture on the surface. A further advantage of the composite structure is the strong interfacial enhancement facilitating the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Also, compared to its pristine counterparts, the heterostructure material exhibited excellent surface area and pore properties. The photocatalytic efficiency towards reduction and degradation of Cr(VI)/SMX pollutants were evaluated by optimizing various analytical parameters, such as pH, catalytic loading concentrations, analyte concentration, and scavenger role. The specially designed BOC/BTO@Co-MOF composite achieved a 96.5% Cr(VI) reduction and 98.2% SMX degradation under 60.0-90.0 min of visible light illumination at pH 3.0. This material is highly reusable and has a six-time recycling potential. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the efficient decontamination of inorganic and organic pollutants in water purification systems.

10.
Cureus ; 16(6): e62595, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39027774

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer is among the most common malignant neoplasms in the world. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is considered the standard procedure for diagnosis, staging, and risk classification of bladder tumors. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is considered a poor prognostic factor. Its assessment of TURBT is very important for risk stratification and decision-making for further treatment. The purpose of our clinical study is to attempt to predict/assess the correlation between LVI and various preoperative (age, gender, history of smoking, hematuria, urine cytology, and hydronephrosis/hydroureteronephrosis), intraoperative (tumor number, size, and appearance - sessile/ pedunculated) and histopathological (tumor histology, grading, and muscle invasion) factors. METHODOLOGY: In this prospective study, 75 patients with bladder tumors underwent TURBT (standard monopolar TURBT with 1.5% glycine as irrigation solution) in the Department of Urology at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati between October 2021 and March 2023. Histopathological examination (HPE) reports were looked for the presence or absence of LVI. Accordingly, patients were divided into two groups, i.e., those with LVI and those without LVI. Various preoperative and intraoperative variables were analyzed for each subject in both groups. Statistically significant variables occurring in those patients with LVI compared to those without LVI were considered predictors of LVI in bladder tumors.  Results: Sixteen patients out of 75 (21.33%) had LVI on their histopathology examination. The mean age was 68.19 years in the group with LVI and 64.14 years in the group without LVI. A total of 60 men (80%) and 15 women (20%) were included in our study. Thirteen men (21.7%) and three women (20%) were found to have LVI. We observed a significant association between the appearance of the tumor and LVI. Fifty-four subjects in our study had sessile tumors. Fifteen out of them (27.8%) had LVI, while only one out of 21 patients (4.8%) with pedunculated tumors had LVI (p-value=0.028). 30% of subjects who had high-grade tumors on HPE also had LVI. On the contrary, only one of 25 patients (4%) with low-grade tumors had LVI (p-value=0.010). Our study also showed a significant association between muscle invasion and LVI. Thirty-four (45.3%) and 41 (54.7%) patients had muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive tumors, respectively. While 12 (35.3%) patients with muscle-invasive tumors had LVI, only four (9.8%) patients with non-muscle-invasive tumors showed LVI (p-value=0.007). CONCLUSION: We observed that LVI of bladder tumors at first TURBT is significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor appearance, and depth of invasion of the tumor. Though statistically not significant, we further observed that LVI was more commonly found in smokers, patients with hematuria, and larger tumor sizes. We conclude that these factors can be used as reliable predictors of LVI of bladder tumors at their first TURBT.

11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 17095, 2024 Jul 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39048607

ABSTRACT

The current analytical study is dedicated to the boundary layer regime where heat and mass transfer rates are ruled by natural convection. A rectangular enclosure filled with a combination of an arbitrary buoyancy ratio has an Oseen-linear solution, and the position of Beavers and Joseph's condition is employed at the porous fluid interface. Thermal radiation's interaction with a porous lining influences overall heat transfer in a system. Porous linings and radiation are employed in many applications, such as furnaces, insulation, heat exchangers, solar energy collecting and storage, and heat control in electronics. The effect of slip and radiation is to increase the flow rate because of the reduction in friction at the surface. It indicates the fact that temperature and concentration are rapidly lowering. As the slip parameter and radiation parameter increase, the heat and mass transport increase due to the rise in velocity. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers reach their maximum when the radiation parameter, Rayleigh number, and slip parameter are increased. The findings of the Nusslet number and Sherwood numbers are related to the finite situations of the slip parameter tending to infinity, the radiation parameter going to zero and the angle 90°.

12.
Nat Prod Res ; : 1-5, 2024 Jul 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066784

ABSTRACT

Eurycomanone has been identified as the major bioactive compound contributing to Eurycoma longifolia (EL) aphrodisiac activity, however, its mechanism of action remains obscured. Presently, eurycomanone was isolated from EL root extract and its molecular structure was identified. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was differentiated into human dopaminergic neuron-like cells. Exogenous dopamine levels from the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were quantified following the treatment of 5, 10, 15 µM of eurycomanone and 10 µM clorgyline as positive control. Dopamine secretion was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the vehicle control (p < .01) in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Dopamine concentration stimulated by 15 µM eurycomanone was significantly higher than clorgyline (p < .05), an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A that suppresses dopamine catabolism. In conclusion, eurycomanone stimulated dopamine release of human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells, which could be one of the mechanisms that underpin the aphrodisiac properties of the plant.

13.
J Med Life ; 17(4): 406-411, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39071516

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to establish the normative data of horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), vertical visible iris diameter (VVID), and palpebral fissure height (PFH) in a cohort of South Indian children. The study included 1,234 children from six schools of different regions of Tamil Nadu state, India. HVID, VVID, and PFH were measured using a simple millimeter ruler by three optometrists. Based on their age, the children were divided into three groups: preprimary school children (4-5 years), primary school children (6-10 years), and high school children (11-15 years). Mean age was 4.49 ± 0.50 years, 8.00 ± 1.41 years, and 12.87 ± 1.42 years in the three groups, respectively. Mean HVID was 10.45 mm, 10.54 mm, and 10.73 mm, respectively. Mean VVID was 9.18 mm, 9.32 mm, and 9.57 mm, respectively. Similarly, mean PFH was 8.15 mm, 8.30 mm, and 8.52 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in HVID, VVID, and PFH among the three age groups (P ≤ 0.001), as well as among male and female children in the 6-10 years age group (P ≤ 0.05) but not in the other groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.78-0.95) show good agreement among the three optometrists for all parameters. The normal range of HVID, VVID, and PFH presented in the current study can help practitioners in the diagnosis of corneal disorders, serve as a basis for the design of contact lenses, and enable accurate intraocular lens power calculations for South Indian children.


Subject(s)
Cornea , Humans , Child , India , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Male , Female , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Reference Values , Cohort Studies , Iris/anatomy & histology , Eyelids/anatomy & histology
14.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; : 207640241255591, 2024 Jun 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38849990

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to medication leading to a break in continuity of care poses significant challenges in severe mental illness (SMI), leading to poor outcomes. In India, proxy consultation, wherein caregivers consult on behalf of patients, is a commonly adopted but insufficiently researched area to address these challenges. AIMS: To explore the extent of proxy consultation in outpatient care of persons with SMI and investigate its sociodemographic and clinical correlates. METHODOLOGY: In a tertiary care psychiatry outpatient setting, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 374 caregivers of persons with SMI (Schizophrenia, Bipolar and related disorders). Descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression were performed to examine correlates' relationships with proxy consultation. RESULTS: Proxy consultation prevalence was 43% in the past 1 year. Compared with 18 to 30 years, middle-aged patients aged 31 to 40, 41 to 50 and 51 to 60 years had twofold, threefold and sixfold increased chances of proxy consultation, respectively. Being illiterate had six times higher odds than graduates, three times and two times if they studied till primary and secondary education. Early age of onset was associated with three times higher chances of proxy consultation compared to the onset of illness in adulthood. On the contrary, male gender and upper and middle socioeconomic status decreased the chances of proxy consultation by 40%. Financial difficulties (n = 72, 45%) and patients' unwillingness to visit outpatients (n = 44, 27.5%) were the most commonly cited reasons for proxy consultation. CONCLUSION: Proxy consultations are relatively common, driven by many social, economic, patient-related, pragmatic and practical factors. In formulating community care policies for persons with SMI, the primary imperative should be to conduct additional research, deepening our understanding of proxy consultations. Additionally, it is essential to be mindful of the diverse issues associated with proxy consultations during the formulation process.

15.
Infect Med (Beijing) ; 3(2): 100105, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38827561

ABSTRACT

In 2022, just before the COVID-19 pandemic ended, many countries noticed a viral monkeypox outbreak. Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic pathogen, causes a febrile illness in humans and resembles smallpox. Prevention strategies encompass vaccination, strict infection control measures, and avoiding contact with infected persons. As monkeypox and related poxviruses continue to pose challenges, ongoing surveillance, early diagnosis, prompt isolation, and effective control measures are crucial for limiting transmission and mitigating the impact of outbreaks on public health. This review provides valuable insights into the evolution of the monkeypox virus and its various modes of transmission, including postmortem transmission, and offers an overall perspective on the guidelines issued by the Government of India to prevent and effectively control the spread of this disease.

16.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 62(6): 511-522, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38845304

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the most effective and least morbid surgical technique for relieving retroglossal airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence (RS). The study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and included 25 studies (24 cohorts and one case series) that investigated interventions for airway improvement, including conservative measures, tongue-lip adhesion (TLA), mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), and tracheostomy. The primary outcome variable was complication rate, while predictor variable was the use of interventions for airway improvement. Results showed that conservative measures were the preferred initial management strategy in most studies, while TLA was recommended for infants with mild obstruction, and MDO or tracheostomy was reserved for severe cases. Only complications could be analysed via meta-analysis due to data heterogeneity, revealing that tracheostomy had a summary odds ratio of 5.39 in favour of TLA, while MDO had a ratio of 2.8 over TLA, and the complication rates were similar between MDO and tracheostomy. If conservative measures fail, the study recommends mandibular distraction as the preferable technique for stable airway improvement. If the infant is unsuitable for distraction, tongue-lip adhesion may serve as an alternative, while tracheostomy should be reserved for cases of severe multi-level obstruction. The authors propose that large-scale, multicentre trials comparing long-term outcomes are required to establish definitive guidelines.


Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction , Osteogenesis, Distraction , Pierre Robin Syndrome , Humans , Pierre Robin Syndrome/surgery , Pierre Robin Syndrome/complications , Airway Obstruction/surgery , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Infant , Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods , Tracheostomy , Postoperative Complications , Treatment Outcome , Tongue/surgery , Lip/surgery , Mandible/surgery
17.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 273(Pt 1): 133004, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38851608

ABSTRACT

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals and is extensively studied for its structural and thermal stability, biocompatibility, and healing properties which enables them to be widely applied in various fields. Collagen extracted from poultry sources have shown improved structural stability and reduced risk of triggering allergic responses and transmitting animal diseases onto humans. Furthermore, poultry collagen is widely accepted by consumers of diverse beliefs in comparison to collagen extracted from bovine and porcine sources. The review aims to compare different sources of collagen, focusing on the various beneficial characteristics of poultry collagen over the other sources. Moreover, the review explains various pre-treatment and extraction methods of poultry collagen and its versatile applications in different industrial sectors.


Subject(s)
Collagen , Poultry , Animals , Collagen/chemistry , Collagen/isolation & purification , Cattle , Swine , Humans
18.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 12124, 2024 May 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38802449

ABSTRACT

Reduction of fossil fuel usage, clean energy supply, and dependability are all major benefits of integrating distributed energy resources (DER) with electrical utility grid (UG). Nevertheless, there are difficulties with this integration, most notably accidental islanding that puts worker and equipment safety at risk. Islanding detection methods (IDMs) play a critical role in resolving this problem. All IDMs are thoroughly evaluated in this work, which divides them into two categories: local approaches that rely on distributed generation (DG) side monitoring and remote approaches that make use of communication infrastructure. The study offers a comparative evaluation to help choose the most efficient and applicable IDM, supporting well-informed decision-making for the safe and dependable operation of distributed energy systems within electrical distribution networks. IDMs are evaluated based on NDZ outcomes, detection duration, power quality impact, multi-DG operation, suitability, X/R ratio reliance, and efficient functioning.

19.
Physiol Rep ; 12(9): e16032, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38720166

ABSTRACT

INPP4A has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis of multiple cell types including fibroblasts. Previous reports from our group have demonstrated the role of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase Type I A (INPP4A) in these functions. Though existing evidences suggest a critical role for INPP4A in the maintenance of lung homeostasis, its role in chronic lung diseases is relatively under explored. In the current study, we made an attempt to understand the regulation of INPP4A in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Through integration of relevant INPP4A gene expression data from public repositories with our results from in vitro experiments and mouse models, we show that INPP4A is altered in IPF. Interestingly, the direction of the change is dependent both on the disease stage and the region of the lung used. INPP4A was found to be upregulated when analyzed in lung sample representative of the whole lung, but was downregulated in the fibrotic regions of the lung. Similarly, INPP4A was found to be high, compared to controls, only in the early stage of the disease. Though the observed increase in INPP4A was found to be negatively correlated to physiological indices, FVC, and DLCO, of lung function, treatment with anti-INPP4A antibody worsened the condition in bleomycin treated mice. These contrasting results taken together are suggestive of a nuanced regulation of INPP4A in IPF which is dependent on the disease stage, cellular state and extent of fibrosis in the lung region being analyzed.


Subject(s)
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics , Animals , Humans , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics , Mice , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Female
20.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; : 207640241248609, 2024 May 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38752433

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of persons with psychosis (PWP) remain untreated in the community across the world. Factors that preclude them from accessing psychiatric treatment are poorly studied. In this study, we explored the factors that prevented persons with schizophrenia and their caregivers from accessing psychiatric treatment using an interview schedule specifically developed for this purpose. METHODS: We identified individuals with schizophrenia and related disorders who had never accessed psychiatric treatment. We interviewed 67 such individuals and their family members using a validated tool, the Schedule of Factors Influencing Access to Treatment (SOFIAc) and analysed the data using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The M (SD) number of factors reported to preclude individuals with psychosis and families from seeking psychiatric treatment was 10 (3.32). No PWP/family reported any single factor as the sole reason for not accessing treatment. Distance to the nearest psychiatric centre (97%), PWP's/family members' knowledge and attitude towards symptoms of psychosis and treatment (92.5%), financial problems (91%), lack of insight and active resistance to efforts towards treatment (86.6%), lack of support from the family (83.6%) and family issues and dynamics (79.1%) were reported to be the commonest factors that precluded them from accessing psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The reason for individuals with psychosis and their family members not accessing psychiatric treatment was invariably multifactorial, involving, on average, 10 factors. Programmes that target the reduction of the treatment gap should be cognizant of the multifactorial nature of the challenge of reaching psychiatric treatment for persons with psychoses.

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