Electrochemical behavior of flufenamic acid at amberlite XAD-4 resin and silver-doped titanium dioxide/ amberlite XAD-4 resin modified carbon electrodes.

Novel sensors based on carbon paste assorted with amberlite XAD-4 resin and silver-doped titanium dioxide/amberlite XAD-4 resin (Ag-TiO2/XAD) were designed and employed for sensitive detection of flufenamic acid (FFA). The main objective of this study is to develop novel electrochemical sensors for more sensitive and selective detection of FFA and to propose its oxidation mechanism. In this perspective, we have developed modified electrodes using amberlite XAD-4 matrix and Ag-TiO2/XAD-4 mixture. These sensors when used in conjunction with different voltammetric techniques to observe enhanced outcome on FFA electrode reaction in PBS of pH 7.0. Our data confirmed exceptional stability, sensitivity, and quick responses for FFA. The effect of modifier, analyte concentration, pH of buffer solution, pre-concentration time, and sweep rates on electrochemical behavior of FFA was investigated. The current intensities were linearly proportional to the concentration of FFA. From the calibration plot of different concentrations of FFA, the detection limit of 3.6 nM at XAD-CPE and 1.2 nM, respectively at AgTiO2/XAD-CPE were obtained. The estimation of FFA in biological as well as clinical samples was achieved using the chemically modified electrodes.

Sensors based on ruthenium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles loaded into multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the detection of flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid.

Recent advances to utilize two or more nanoparticles for developing novel sensors with superior sensitivity have spurred advanced detection limits even at low concentrations. In this research, a blend of rutheniumdoped TiO2 (Ru-TiO2) nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) loaded into carbon paste matrix to fabricate a novel Ru-TiO2/MWCNTs-CPE sensor was used for the detection and quantification of flufenamic acid (FFA) and mefenamic acid (MFA) drugs. The surface morphology of Ru-TiO2 was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Sensitivity and selectivity of the electrode was improved at the Ru-TiO2/MWCNTs modified CPE compared to nascent CPE due to the amazing surface distinctive characteristics of the modifier at pH 5.0. The effect of concentration of the modifier, pH, pre-concentration time, sweep rate and concentration on signal enhancement of FFA and MFA was studied. The square wave voltammetry (SWV) currents are linearly related in the concentration range of 0.01 µM-0.9 µM with the detection limit values of 0.68 nM for FFA and 0.45 nM for MFA, respectively. The developed electrode assembly was used for the quantification of both the drug analytes in human urine samples.

Isolation, identification, and characterization of Listeria spp. from various animal origin foods.

AIM: The present study was undertaken with the prime objective of isolating and identifying Listeria spp. from various foods of animal origin sold at retail market outlets in the city of Navsari, Gujarat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 200 samples comprising of milk, milk products, meat, and fish (50 each) collected aseptically from local market which were subjected first to pre-enrichment in half strength Fraser broth followed by enrichment in full strength Fraser broth and subsequent plating on PALCAM agar. The growth with the typical colony characteristics were further identified up to species level on the basis of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Cultures identified as Listeria monocytogenes were further subjected to in vitro pathogenicity tests and detection of different virulence-associated genes viz. actA, hlyA, and iap using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of the total 200 food samples of animal origin; 18 (9%) were found positive for Listeria spp. which were identified as Listeria seeligeri (6, 33.3%), Listeria innocua (5, 27.7%), Listeria welshimeri (4, 22.2%), and L. monocytogenes (3, 16.6%). The highest prevalence was observed in milk samples (8). Species wise, 6 isolates of L. seeligeri which included two each from cow milk, buffalo milk, and meat samples; 5 L. innocua isolates included four recovered from fish and one from meat sample; 4 L. welshimeri comprised of two isolates from ice cream and one each from buffalo milk and meat sample; and 3 isolates of L. monocytogenes recovered from milk (1 cow and 2 buffalo milk). All 3 L. monocytogenes isolates screened for the presence of virulence genes viz. actA, hlyA, and iap using the specific primers revealed the presence of all the genes suggesting the possibility of danger of foodborne listeriosis among raw milk consumers. CONCLUSION: Listeria spp. was isolated from 9% (18/200) of the animal origin food samples viz.; milk, milk products, meat, and fish with the highest prevalence in the milk samples. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 3 milk samples only. L. seeligeri was the predominant species isolated followed by L. innocua, L. welshimeri, and L. monocytogenes in this study. L. monocytogenes were found to carry virulence genes like actA, hly A, and iap genes suggesting the pathogenic potential of these isolates.

Use of intraoperative cell-salvage for autologous blood transfusions in metastatic spine tumour surgery: a systematic review.

Metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS) and metastatic musculoskeletal tumour surgery (MMTS) are associated with substantial blood loss. Allogeneic blood transfusion is the present method used to replenish this blood. Intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) is a viable alternative, but is contraindicated in tumour surgery because of the risk of tumour dissemination. Use of IOCS-leucocyte depletion filter (LDF) allows removal of tumour cells from blood salvaged during oncological surgery. However, no reports exist on use of IOCS in MSTS or MMTS. We systematically reviewed studies on IOCS in oncological surgery to investigate whether sufficient evidence exists to support its use in MSTS or MMTS.