ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Oral cancer screening can assist in the early detection of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) and prevention of oral cancers. It can be challenging for clinicians to differentiate OPMLs from benign conditions. Adjunct screening tools such as fluorescence visualisation (FV) and DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) have shown success in identifying OPMLs in high-risk clinics. For the first time we aimed to assess these technologies in Indian rural settings and evaluate if these tools helped clinicians identify high-risk lesions during screening. METHODS: Dental students and residents screened participants in five screening camps held in villages outside of Hyderabad, India, using extraoral, intraoral, and FV examinations. Lesion and normal tissue brushings were collected for DNA-ICM analysis and cytology. RESULTS: Of the 1116 participants screened, 184 lesions were observed in 152 participants. Based on white light examination (WLE), 45 lesions were recommended for biopsy. Thirty-five were completed on site; 25 (71%) were diagnosed with low-grade dysplasias (17 mild, 8 moderate) and the remaining 10 showed no signs of dysplasia. FV loss was noted in all but one dysplastic lesion and showed a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Cytology combined with DNA-ICM had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 86% in detecting dysplasia. CONCLUSION: DNA-ICM combined with cytology identified the majority of dysplastic lesions and identified additional lesions, which were not considered high-risk during WLE and biopsy on site. Efforts to follow-up with these participants are ongoing. FV identified most high-risk lesions but added limited value over WLE.
Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer , Mouth Neoplasms , Cytodiagnosis/methods , DNA , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Humans , Image Cytometry/methods , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/genetics , Mouth Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Universally accepted fixative is 10% formalin which has been used for preserving the tissues and their architecture. In certain conditions, formalin might not be readily available for immediate fixation. We here by explore more economical, eco-friendly and easily available solutions that can be used as transit media/ transporting media for tissue specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included commonly available solutions like Spirit, Saline, Betadine solution, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Local anesthesia (L.A), Rose water, Coconut oil, Coconut water, Ice cold water, Honey and Milk while keeping formalin as control. The fresh tissue sample was cut into multiple bits and placed in different containers for a period of 8 hours before transferring to formalin solution. CONCLUSION: Transit fixatives are very important in certain situations where formalin is not readily available. These fixatives can be used to fix the tissues for a period of at least 8 hours without causing any damage or distortion before they are fixed in formalin solution.
