MSCs-Derived Decellularised Matrix: Cellular Responses and Regenerative Dentistry.

The decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) of in vitro cell culture is a naturally derived biomaterial formed by the removal of cellular components. The compositions of molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) differ depending on various factors, including the culture conditions. Cell-derived ECM provides a 3-dimensional structure that has a complex influence on cell signalling, which in turn affects cell survival and differentiation. This review describes the effects of dECM derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on cell responses, including cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation in vitro. Published articles were searched in the PubMed databases in 2005 to 2022, with assigned keywords (MSCs and decellularisation and cell culture). The 41 articles were reviewed, with the following criteria. (1) ECM was produced exclusively from MSCs; (2) decellularisation processes were performed; and (3) the dECM production was discussed in terms of culture systems and specific supplementations that are suitable for creating the dECM biomaterials. The dECM derived from MSCs supports cell adhesion, enhances cell proliferation, and promotes cell differentiation. Importantly, dECM derived from dental MSCs shows promise in regenerative dentistry applications. Therefore, the literature strongly supports cell-based dECMs as a promising option for innovative tissue engineering approaches for regenerative medicine.

Analysis of Saliva Composition: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, Total Protein, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in Rattus norvegicus with Stunted Growth.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine total protein, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels in the saliva of rats with stunted growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental laboratory research with a pre-and posttest control group design was conducted. Seventeen albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into the control group (eight rats) and the treatment group (nine rats). Rats in the treatment group were exposed to aflatoxin B1 5µg/kg orally for 5 weeks. Anthropometry data (body length, body weight) and saliva of R. norvegicus were collected. The levels of PTHrP and sIgA in the saliva were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rats and the Bradford test for total protein and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: Aflatoxin caused stunted growth in rats in the treatment group. There was a significant difference in body length, salivary flow, PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein in the treatment group compared with the control group. The average rat's body length change in the control group was 6.4 ± 1.1mm/5 weeks, while in the treatment group, the change was 3.7 ± 0.9 mm /5 weeks. There was no significant weight gain in the treatment group compared with the normal group. The average values of PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein in the control group were x̄0.9, x̄18, and x̄0.7 m./L, respectively, while in the treatment group, they measured x̄0.4, x̄10.7, and x̄0.5 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that salivary flow, PTHrP, sIgA, and total protein levels in the saliva were significantly lower in stunted rats compared with normal rats.

Management of impacted maxillary central incisor and abnormality of labial frenulum in children: case report.

Deposition of the maxillary permanent central incisor is a rare occurrence in dental practice. It is a difficult condition to treat due to its importance to facial esthetics. If complications are to be avoided, early detection of such teeth is important. The present case report of impacted maxillary central incisor encased within an abnormally thickened labial frenulum. A 9-year-old boy, came with his parents to the Pediatric Dentistry Specialist, Dental and Oral Hospital, Airlangga University (UNAIR) with a chief complaint that his left maxillary front teeth did not grow while his right front teeth had grown perfectly. From the anamnesis, the patient had experienced a falling trauma when he was young, which caused the deciduous tooth to fall out. Good general health, no history of allergies, and no medical history of case management. This is a fixed orthodontic treatment with surgical exposure of impacted teeth and frenectomy of labial frenulum. After the crown of the impacted incisor was surgically exposed, eruption ball chain was bonded to traction the incisor. The left maxillary incisor fully erupted and normally to percussion, mobility, and sensitivity testing with good attached gingiva in the next 9 months. Management abnormality of labial frenulum in this case with frenectomy by using electrocautery for minimalized trauma in children. Fixed orthodontic therapy was continued to achieve proper alignment leading to good esthetic and functional rehabilitation. The treatment of an unerupted tooth will depend on its state, position, and presence of enough space in the dental arch to accommodate.

Effect of scaling and root planing on level of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G4 in children with gingivitis and house-dust mite allergy: A pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background and Objective: There is a pressing need for developing innovative strategies to prevent allergic diseases among children. As house-dust mite (HDM) allergy is often seen in children with gingivitis, strategies should be derived from a conceptual framework of allergen elimination and pathogen eradication; one such strategy is dental scaling and root planing (SRP) to remove dental plaque and periodontal pathogens. The study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of comprehensive 6-months dental SRP to reduce the level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in children with gingivitis and HDM allergy. IgE and IgG4, whose production is controlled mainly by Th-2 cells and B cells, are proven biomarkers for atopic inflammatory responses. Methods: The present study conducted a non-blinded randomised controlled trial with superiority design. A total of 10 subjects (age range 6-16 years) with gingivitis and positive skin-prick test to HDM from Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital were enrolled in the present study. Of the 10 subjects, only five received dental SRP. We further evaluated total serum IgE and IgG4 level before and 6 months after treatment. Results and Discussion: Subjects in the standard treatment group showed a slight decrease in the IgE level ([Formula: see text]) but no change in the IgG4 level ([Formula: see text]), while subjects in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in IgE ([Formula: see text]) and IgG4 levels ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The study results suggest that 6-month comprehensive dental scaling combined with root planing may help to reduce IgE and IgG4 levels in children with gingivitis and HDM allergy. Furthermore, untreated or undertreated gingivitis is often associated with worsening allergic manifestation and thus should be avoided. Trial Registration: ISRCTN31416107, retrospectively registered on 17 April 2018.

Converging findings from linkage between periodontal pathogen with atopic and allergic immune response.

This study aims to explore a relationship between exposures of whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis in various doses with atopic inflammatory responses at experimental mice. A pretest-posttest controlled group design, with 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) randomized into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was given low-dose (9 × 107 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 3 was given medium-dose (9 × 109 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 4 was given high-dose (9 × 1011 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, Interleukin-17F, Interleukin-21, Immunoglobulin-E, Immunoglobulin-G4, and γ-Interferon were measured by direct-sandwich ELISA just before the treatments began, day-4, and day-11 after treatments. There is a sudden increase of Interleukin-4 in the group 4 (23.79 ±â€¯0.91 pg/ml to 54.17 ±â€¯0.79 pg/ml; p = 0.01) and slight increase of Interleukin-5 in the group 4 (207.60 ±â€¯11.15 pg/ml to 243.40 ±â€¯9.33 pg/ml; p = 0.03). No change was observed for Interleukin-17F in all groups. Serum concentration of Immunoglobulin-E was decreased in group 2 (-10.44 ±â€¯8.13 pg/ml), but increased in group 4 (+1.03 ±â€¯4.57 pg/ml). Taken together, some cytokines are up-regulated and others are down-regulated after exposure to whole-cell P. gingivalis. Moreover, study of host responses during periodontal infection may offer critical key insight that contribute to the development of atopy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We introduced and explained the potential role of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in systemic immune responses, along with its virulence factor inside the oral cavity. Our results consider several changes and differences of cytokines and immunoglobulins following whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure. However, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution due to its limitations. CAPSULE SUMMARY: Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 had been found increase after exposure to the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, whereas no or minimal change had been found in the level of IL-17F, Ig-G4, and IFN-γ. The various cytokines and immunoglobulins shown in this study do not prove a causal relationship, and the precise role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the regulation of atopic immune response warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, these findings may provide some critical key insight into the host responses following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.

Modulating toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses following exposure of whole cell and lipopolysaccharide component from Porphyromonas gingivalis in wistar rat models.

OBJECTIVE: To explore host innate inflammatory response and the signal pathway induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis by measuring level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animal experimental study with pretest-posttest controlled group design were done between January 1 and December 10, 2016.. Total of 28 wistar rats had been used, randomized into 7 groups, each were given various dose of intra-sulcural injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Normality were measured by Shapiro-Wilk test, while statistical analysis made by ANOVA, t test, Pearson, and linear regression model.. RESULTS: At day 0, no significant difference TLR2 and TLR4 level were measured. At day 4, there is a slight difference between TLR2 and TLR4 level in each group. At day 11, there is a significant difference between TLR2 and TLR4 level in each group. Group with exposure of whole cell will develop greater TLR2 but lower TLR4 level. In the contrary, group with exposure of LPS will develop greater TLR4 but lower TLR2 level. CONCLUSION: Our data supported that P. gingivalis played a vital role in the pathogenesis of pathogen-induced inflammatory responses in which TLR2 and TLR4 have different molecular mechanisms following recognition of pathogens and inflammatory response.