Cadmium induces ovarian granulosa cell damage by activating PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 through endoplasmic reticulum stress.

This study aimed to investigate whether cadmium induces ovarian granulosa cell damage by activating protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α-ATF4 through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and to elucidate the underlying regulation mechanism. Two models of cadmium exposure were established. In one model, ovarian granulosa cells isolated from 21-day-old female Sprague Dawley rats were cultured in vitro for 36 h and exposed to CdCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 20 µM), and in another model, a human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line (COV434) was used to construct the binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP)-knockdown cell line sh-BIP and exposed to 0 and 20 µM CdCl2. After exposure to cadmium for 12 h, the expression mRNA and protein levels of BIP, p-PERK, and p-eIF2α were determined in the two models. miRNAs related to BIP were also detected in granulosa cells after cadmium exposure. We found that mRNA and protein levels of all factors were upregulated in each cadmium-dose group, except for BIP mRNA expression in the 5 µM Cd group. The BIP gene was knocked down in COV434 cells before exposure to cadmium. All factors were upregulated in COV434 cells exposed to Cd, and the expression of the p-eIF2α protein was downregulated in sh-BIP cells exposed to Cd. In addition, no differences in BIP-related miRNAs were detected in cadmium-exposed rat ovarian granulosa cells versus the control group. Cadmium induces ovarian granulosa cell damage by inducing ER stress.

New flavonoids and methylchromone isolated from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens and their inhibitory activities against cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 / 中国天然药物

In the present study, we carried out a phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens, which resulted in the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, myricetin 3-O-(5″-O-galloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside (1), 6-methylquercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), one new methylchromone glycoside, 7-O-(4', 6'-digalloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone (3), together with three known compounds (4-6). The structures of these isolated compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 in vitro. Compounds 1-6 showed potent COX-1 and COX-2 inhibiting activities in vitro with IC values ranging from 1.95 to 5.54 μmol·L and ranging from 1.01 to 2.27 μmol·L, respectively.

New flavonoids and methylchromone isolated from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens and their inhibitory activities against cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 / 中国天然药物

In the present study, we carried out a phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens, which resulted in the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, myricetin 3-O-(5″-O-galloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside (1), 6-methylquercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), one new methylchromone glycoside, 7-O-(4', 6'-digalloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone (3), together with three known compounds (4-6). The structures of these isolated compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 in vitro. Compounds 1-6 showed potent COX-1 and COX-2 inhibiting activities in vitro with IC values ranging from 1.95 to 5.54 μmol·L and ranging from 1.01 to 2.27 μmol·L, respectively.

Detecting hexamethylene diamine in workplace air by high performance liquid chromatography / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for detecting hexamethylene diamine in workplace air by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC).METHODS: Hexamethylene diamine in the workplace air was collected by silica gel tube,and each was added with a concentration of 0.05 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution,each with 0.60 mL of dansyl chloride solution( a mass concentration of 240.00 mg/L),and the volume was adjusted to 5.00 mL with acetonitrile,heating for 40.00 min in bath water,acetonitrile:water( 75:25,V/V) as the mobile phase,quantitated by the standard curve method,using HPLC for determinationstandard.RESULTS: The linear range of hexamethylene diamine was 0.040 0-6.000 0 mg/L,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 3,and the detection limit was 0.003 8 mg/L,and the minimum detection concentration was 0.002 5 mg/m~3( calculated by sample volume of 3.0 L); The within-run relative standard deviation( RSD) was 2.1%-3.0%,and the between-run RSD was 2.9%-3.6%.The average desorption efficiency of the method was 91.4%-94.1%.The sampling efficiency was 98.5%-99.6%.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,rapid,sensitive,accurate and suitable for the detecting hexamethylene diamine concentration in workplace air.

[(2S)-2-(3,5-Dichloro-2-oxidobenzyl-ideneamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-phen-yl)propionato-κO,N,O'](dimethyl-formamide-κO)copper(II).

In the title complex, [Cu(C(16)H(11)Cl(2)NO(4))(C(3)H(7)NO)] , the Cu(II) atom is coordinated by two O atoms and one N atom from the tridentate ligand L(2-) {LH(2) = (2S)-[2-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl-idene)-imino]-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionic acid} and one O atom from a dimethyl-formamide mol-ecule, resulting in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. The structure forms a one-dimensional chain through weak coordination bonds [Cu⋯O 3.080 (1), Cu⋯Cl 3.269 (1) Å] and a three-dimensional network through O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

[(E)-2-(3,5-Dibromo-2-oxidobenzyl-ideneamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-phen-yl)propionato-κO,N,O'](dimethyl-formamide-κO)copper(II).

In the title complex, [Cu(C(16)H(11)Br(2)NO(4))(C(3)H(7)NO)](2), there are two unique mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. Each Cu(II) atom is coordinated by two O atoms and one N atom from the tridentate ligand L(2-) [LH(2) = (E)-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl-idene-amino)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)acetic acid] and the O atom of a dimethyl-formamide mol-ecule to give a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. The two unique mol-ecules form a dimer through weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the dimer, the Cu⋯Cu distance is 3.712 (1) Å. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules form a one-dimensional chain through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These are further aggregated into a three-dimensional network by O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Determination of Cobalt by Spectrophotometry Using a New Reagent, 1-(6-bromo-2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(5-bromo-8-quinolyl)-triazene / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To synthesize a new reagent, 1-(6-bromo-2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(5-bromo-8-quinolyl)-triazene (BBTBQT) and apply to the determination of cobalt. Methods The reagent had been synthesized by diazotization and coupling reaction. After purification and characterization, BBTBQT was tested for its color reaction conditions with cobalt in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB). Results In the presence of borax buffer solution at pH value of 9.0, the reagent reacted with cobalt to form a blue stable complex with a molar ratio of 2∶1; the complex had a maximum absorption at 640 nm. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.55 ?105 L/(mol?cm). Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0-0.28 mg/L for cobalt. The method had been applied to determine cobalt in drainage sediment and vitamin B12 injection solution with a mean relative error of 1.9%-5.8% and a standard relative deviation of 1.7%-3.8%. Conclusion The present method is selective, sensitive, accurate, convenient and suitable for determination of trace cobalt in the samples.