High-intensity interval training is effective and superior to moderate continuous training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent syndrome, with exercise intolerance being one of its hallmarks, contributing to worse quality of life and mortality. High-intensity interval training is an emerging training option, but its efficacy in HFpEF patients is still unknown. DESIGN: Single-blinded randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Single-blinded randomized clinical trial with exercise training 3 days per week for 12 weeks. HFpEF patients were randomly assigned to high-intensity interval training or moderate continuous training. At baseline and after 12 week follow-up, patients underwent clinical assessment, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). RESULTS: Mean age was 60 ± 9 years and 63% were women. Both groups (N = 19) showed improved peak oxygen consumption (VO2), but high-intensity interval training patients (n = 10) had a significantly higher increase, of 22%, compared with 11% in the moderate continuous training (n = 9) individuals (3.5 (3.1 to 4.0) vs. 1.9 (1.2 to 2.5) mL·kg-1·min-1, p < 0.001). Ventilatory efficiency and other CPET measures, as well as quality of life score, increased equally in the two groups. Left ventricular diastolic function also improved with training, reflected by a significant reduction in E/e' ratio by echocardiography (-2.6 (-4.3 to -1.0) vs. -2.2 (-3.6 to -0.9) for high-intensity interval training and moderate continuous training, respectively; p < 0.01). There were no exercise-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized clinical trial provided evidence that high-intensity interval training is a potential exercise modality for HFpEF patients, being more effective than moderate continuous training in improving peak VO2. However, the two strategies were equally effective in improving ventilatory efficiency and other CPET parameters, quality of life score and diastolic function after 3 months of training.

Effects of Different Rehabilitation Protocols in Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

PURPOSE: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery typically experience loss of cardiopulmonary capacity in the post-operative period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different rehabilitation protocols used in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity and pulmonary function in patient status post-CABG surgery. METHODS: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. The primary endpoint of functional capacity and secondary endpoints of lung capacity and respiratory muscle function were assessed in patients scheduled to undergo CABG. After surgery, 40 patients were randomly assigned across 1 of 4 inpatient cardiac rehabilitation groups: G1, inspiratory muscle training, active upper limb and lower limb exercise training, and early ambulation; G2, same protocol as G1 without inspiratory muscle training; G3, inspiratory muscle training alone; and G4, control. All groups received chest physical therapy and expiratory positive airway pressure. Patients were reassessed on post-operative day 6 and post-discharge day 30 (including cardiopulmonary exercise testing). RESULTS: The 6-min walk distance on post-operative day 6 was significantly higher in groups that included exercise training (G1 and G2), remaining higher at 30 d post-discharge (P < .001 between groups). Peak oxygen uptake on day 30 was also higher in G1 and G2 (P = .005). All groups achieved similar recovery of lung function. CONCLUSION: Protocols G1 and G2, which included a systematic plan for early ambulation and upper and lower limb exercise, attenuated fitness losses while in the hospital and significantly enhanced recovery 1 mo after CABG.

A comparative study on the recruitment of shoulder stabilizing muscles and types of exercises.

The shoulder is susceptible to disturbances caused by microtraumas due to direct contact of the surrounding skeletal structures or failure of the soft parts of the rotator cuff and other muscles inserted into the glenohumeral joint. The purpose of the study was to compare the electromyographic signal in the stabilizing muscles of the shoulder during the diagonal elevation exercise as recommended by the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) method and dumbbell exercise. This study is classified as Quase-experiment. Subjects were instructed to perform diagonal standard exercises and the electromyographic signal was detected from pectoralis muscles, middle and upper trapezius of dominant limb in each subject. We observed greater muscular recruitment when the PNF method was adopted in comparison with the dumbbell workouts for the trapezius upper and middle fiber muscles and for the major pectoralis (267,30 µv/181,02 µv; 235,76 µv/;164,47 µv; 299,87 µv/148,69 µv; P<0.001). The PNF method promotes a greater recruitment of the shoulder dynamic stabilizing muscles during diagonal elevation exercises. Being so, such kinesiotherapeutic technique may be effectively used in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of shoulder disorders.

Preoperative maximal expiratory pressure is associated with duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery: An observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) with total duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in subjects undergoing cardiac surgery. BACKGROUND: Prolonged IMV is associated with respiratory infections, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Pulmonary function tests can help predict postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. METHODS: We recruited subjects admitted for cardiac surgery. All MIP, MEP, and PEF measurements were performed before surgery. Multivariable analysis was performed using a multiple linear regression model to control for possible confounders and test for association of MIP, MEP, and PEF with IMV duration. RESULTS: Overall, 125 subjects were included in the study. Higher MEP was associated with reduced duration of IMV after adjustment for confounders (P = 0.015), but no such association was observed between MIP or PEF and IMV. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects undergoing elective cardiac surgery, preoperative MEP is associated with IMV duration.

Tai Chi Chuan improves functional capacity after myocardial infarction: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) present a reduction in functional capacity expressed as a decrease in peak oxygen consumption (Vo2 peak). The impact of a Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) cardiac rehabilitation program for patients recovering from recent MI has yet to be assessed. Our goal is to evaluate functional capacity after a TCC-based cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with recent MI. METHODS: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. The researchers who performed the tests were blinded to group allocation. Between the 14th and 21st days after hospital discharge, all patients performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a laboratory blood workup. Mean age was similar (56±9 years in the TCC group and 60±9 years in the control group). Patients allocated to the intervention group performed 3 weekly sessions of TCC Beijin style for 12 weeks (n=31). The control group participated in 3 weekly sessions of full-body stretching exercises (n=30). RESULTS: After the 12-week study period, participants in the TCC group experienced a significant 14% increase in Vo2 peak from baseline (21.6 ± 5.2 to 24.6 ± 5.2 mL/kg per minute), whereas control participants had a nonsignificant 5% decline in Vo2 peak (20.4 ± 5.1 to 19.4 ± 4.4 mL/kg per minute). There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Tai Chi Chuan practice was associated with an increase in Vo2 peak in patients with a recent MI and may constitute an effective form of cardiac rehabilitation in this patient population.

Tai Chi Chuan for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Coronary Arterial Disease / Tai Chi Chuan como Reabilitação Cardíaca na Doença Arterial Coronária: Revisão Sistemática

Background: Several studies have shown that Tai Chi Chuan can improve cardiac function in patients with heart disease. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: We performed a search for studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Data were extracted in a standardized manner by three independent investigators, who were responsible for assessing the methodological quality of the manuscripts. Results: The initial search found 201 studies that, after review of titles and abstracts, resulted in a selection of 12 manuscripts. They were fully analyzed and of these, nine were excluded. As a final result, three randomized controlled trials remained. The studies analyzed in this systematic review included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of coronary artery disease, all were clinically stable and able to exercise. The three experiments had a control group that practiced structured exercise training or received counseling for exercise. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 months. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests that Tai Chi Chuan can be an unconventional form of cardiac rehabilitation, being an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, the methodological quality of the included articles and the small sample sizes clearly indicate that new randomized controlled trials are needed in this regard. .

Fundamento: Alguns estudos têm mostrado que o Tai Chi Chuan pode melhorar a função cardiorrespiratória de pacientes com doenças cardíacas. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar os efeitos do Tai Chi Chuan na reabilitação cardíaca de pacientes com doença arterial coronária. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS e Registro Cochrane de Ensaios Controlados. Foram feitas buscas por estudos publicados em inglês, português e espanhol. Os dados foram extraídos de forma padronizada, por três investigadores independentes, que foram responsáveis pela avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos manuscritos. Resultados: A busca inicial detectou 201 estudos que, após revisão de títulos e resumos, resultou na seleção de 12 manuscritos. Os mesmos foram analisados na íntegra e, destes, nove foram excluídos. Ao final, restaram três ensaios clínicos randomizados. Os estudos incluídos nessa revisão sistemática foram compostos por amostra de pacientes com diagnóstico comprovado de doença arterial coronária, todos estáveis clinicamente e capazes de se exercitar. Os três experimentos contaram com a presença de um grupo controle praticante de qualquer categoria de treinamento físico estruturado ou receberam aconselhamento para exercício físico. O tempo de acompanhamento variou de 2 a 12 meses. Conclusão: Evidências preliminares sugerem que o Tai Chi Chuan possa ser uma forma não convencional de reabilitação cardíaca, podendo ser terapêutica adjuvante no tratamento de pacientes com doença arterial coronária estável. No entanto, a qualidade metodológica dos artigos incluídos e as amostras de tamanho reduzido ...

Tai Chi Chuan for cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary arterial disease.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that Tai Chi Chuan can improve cardiac function in patients with heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: We performed a search for studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Data were extracted in a standardized manner by three independent investigators, who were responsible for assessing the methodological quality of the manuscripts. RESULTS: The initial search found 201 studies that, after review of titles and abstracts, resulted in a selection of 12 manuscripts. They were fully analyzed and of these, nine were excluded. As a final result, three randomized controlled trials remained. The studies analyzed in this systematic review included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of coronary artery disease, all were clinically stable and able to exercise. The three experiments had a control group that practiced structured exercise training or received counseling for exercise. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 months. CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence suggests that Tai Chi Chuan can be an unconventional form of cardiac rehabilitation, being an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, the methodological quality of the included articles and the small sample sizes clearly indicate that new randomized controlled trials are needed in this regard.

Prevalência de dor osteomuscular em profissionais de enfermagem de equipes de cirurgia em um hospital universitário / Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among surgical nursing teams

Dentre as profissões da área da saúde, a enfermagem, em particular, tem sido afetada pelos distúrbios musculoesqueléticos produzindo alterações na vida desses trabalhadores, impossibilitando-os de realizarem atividades cotidianas e laborais. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de dor osteomuscular e a associação com a qualidade de vida em profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em equipes de cirurgia no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre março de 2011 ejaneiro de 2012, em um hospital universitário terciário do sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 110 trabalhadores de enfermagem das equipes de cirurgia. Foram excluídos os trabalhadores em licença saúde, fériasou outro tipo de afastamento durante o período de coleta dos dados. A dor osteomuscular foi avaliada através do questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares e a qualidade de vida foi avaliada atravésdo questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36). As relações entre dor osteomuscular e qualidade de vida foram analisadas através do Teste U de Mann-Whitney, utilizandonível de significância de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência de dor osteomuscular encontrada neste estudo foi de 91,81%. Com relação às regiões anatômicas, considerou-se as queixas de dor osteomuscular retroativo há doze meses, onde o predomínio foi de dor no pescoço (56%) e ombros (56%). Quando consideramos afastamento por dor osteomuscular encontramos a prevalência de dor lombar (34%). O grupo que não relatou dor osteomuscular apresentou melhores índices de qualidade de vida nos domínios de capacidade funcional, aspectos físicos, dor, vitalidade, aspectos sociais e saúde mental. Conclusão: A dor osteomuscular apresenta maior prevalência nas regiões do pescoço e ombros. Além disso, o maior número de afastamentos ocorre por prevalência de dor lombar entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem das equipes de cirurgia. A dor influenciou na qualidade de vida afetando seis dos domínios avaliados

Among the health professions, nursing, in particular, has been affected by musculoskeletal disorders. The WMSD produce changes in the lives of these workers, impossible of them held daily activities andlabour. Objective: Investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated with the quality of life in nursing professionals who work in surgery teams. Method: Cross-sectional study conductedbetween March 2011 and January 2012 in a tertiary university hospital in southern Brazil. We evaluated 110 workers nursing teams. It was excluded workers on sick leave, vacation or other absence duringthe period of data collection. The musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal symptoms questionnaire the quality of life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36). The relationship between musculoskeletal pain and quality of life were analyzed by the U of Mann-Whitney test, using a significance level of 95%. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain found in this study was 91.81%. With respect to anatomic regions, it was consideredthe complaints of musculoskeletal pain retroactive twelve months ago, where there was the predominance of neck pain (56%) and shoulders (56%). When we consider sick leaving for musculoskeletal painwe found the prevalence of low back pain (34%). The group who reported no musculoskeletal pain showed better indices of quality of life in the areas of physical functioning, physical aspect, bodily pain,vitality, social and mental health aspect. Conclusion: the higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulder regions. Moreover, the largest number of sick leaves occurs because of the prevalenceof low back pain among nursing staff of the surgical teams. The pain influenced the quality of life affecting six of the areas assessed.

Comparison of two risk stratification models in elective coronary artery bypass patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Cleveland Clinical Score and EuroSCORE when evaluating patients submitted to elective CABGS in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. METHODS; This was a cohort study of 202 patients given CABGS between January 2006 and March 2007. Surgical risk was categorized according to the Cleveland Clinic Score and the EuroSCORE as low, medium or high. The incidence of deaths was measured over a 60-day period. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 62 ± 10 years and 134 (66%) of them were men. A correlation was observed between the scores for classifying patients into different levels of risk. According to the Cleveland Clinic score and the EuroSCORE, respectively, patients were categorized as follows: 142(70.3%) and 155(76.7%) low risk patients, 56(27.7%) and 43(21.3) intermediate risk patients and 4(2%) and 4(2%) high risk patients; with a Kaplan correlation coefficient of 0.432; p0.001. Thirteen (13, 6.4%) patients died during the first 60 days after surgery. There was a correlation between greater incidence of death and higher risk categories for both the Cleveland Clinic score and the EuroSCORE. Deaths occurred in the Cleveland and EuroSCORE risk groups, respectively, as follows: 6 (4.4%) and 7 (4.5%) in the low risk group; 5 (8.9%) and 5 (11.6%) in the intermediate risk group and 2 (50%) 3 1(25%) in the high risk group. Observed sensitivity for surgical mortality prediction was 72.5% and 66.5% for the Cleveland score and EuroSCORE respectively. CONCLUSION: The Cleveland Clinic and EuroSCORE surgical risk prediction instruments are both moderately effective for predicting mortality among elective CABGS patients.

Changes in functional capacity of patients two years after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To check changes in the functional capacity of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by testing six-minute walk test (6MWT) following two years. METHODS: A prospective cohort study where 215 patients were enrolled who underwent CABG, 13 did not meet the criteria for inclusion. 202 patients were evaluated preoperatively, 13 died during hospitalization and 6 in the follow up of two years. Four patients were considered lost follow up. This study followed 179 patients for two years classified into active and sedentary, according to physical activity in leisure time and to the 6MWT preoperatively and 2 years later. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty patients were evaluated in the day before CABGS, being 67% male with an average age of 63 (+/- 9.75) years. Before surgery and 2 years later, 52 were active and the 6MWT distances performed had been 359m (+/- 164.47) and 439m (+/- 171.34), respectively; P= 0.016. Forty five patients were classified as sedentary before and 2 years after surgery. The 6MWT distances walked before and after surgery had been 255m (+/- 172.15) and 376m (+/- 210.92), respectively; P < 0.001. Eighty two patients transited between these two groups, 71 passed from sedentary to active and had walked before and after surgery 289m (+/- 157.15) and 380m (+/- 125.44), respectively; P= 0.001. The 11 patients who were active and passed to the sedentary group walked 221m (+/- 191.91) and 384m (+/- 63.73), respectively; P= 0.007. CONCLUSION: The functional capacity of the patients submitted to CABGS had a significant improvement in a medium period of follow-up.

Effect of leisure-time physical activity on the prognosis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in the early outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: This prospective cohort study analyzed 202 patients submitted to CABG. The patients were assigned to two groups, active or sedentary, according to the practice of LTPA in the preoperative period. The independent variable LTPA practiced by the patients in the previous year of the surgery was evaluated. The occurrence of the major adverse cardiac events as death, acute myocardial infarction, reoperation and the hospital stay after surgery were planned to be evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 62 +/- 10 years, and 134 (66%) were men. Sixty-six (33%) patients practiced LTPA and were classified as active, and 136 (67%) were sedentary. The active group showed 78% less probability (OR= 0.22; CI 95%: 0.09-0.51) to suffer a MACE P<0.001 and a reduction of 33% in length of hospital stay as compared for sedentary patients (HR= 0.67; IC 95%: 0.49 - 0.93). P= 0.018. CONCLUSION: LTPA is an important predictor of major adverse cardiac events and hospital stay.

Alterações na capacidade funcional de pacientes após dois anos da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio / Changes in functional capacity of patients two years after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

OBJETIVO: Verificar alterações na capacidade funcional dos pacientes que se submetem à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) por meio do teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) no seguimento de dois anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, no qual foram arrolados 215 pacientes submetidos a CRM, 13 não preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Foram 202 pacientes avaliados no pré-operatório, 13 morreram no período da internação e seis no seguimento de dois anos. Quatro pacientes foram considerados perdas de seguimento. Foram acompanhados 179 pacientes no período de 2 anos, classificados em ativos e sedentários, conforme a prática de atividade física no tempo livre e submetidos ao TC6 no préoperatório e 2 anos depois. RESULTADOS: Dos 202 pacientes avaliados no pré-operatório da CRM, 67 por cento eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 63 (± 9,75) anos. Pré e após 2 anos da CRM, 52 pacientes se mantiveram ativos e as distâncias caminhadas foram 359m (± 164,47) e 439m (± 171,34), respectivamente, P= 0,016. A distância caminhada no pré e pós-operatório, dos 45 pacientes que permaneceram sedentários, foi, respectivamente, 255m (± 172,15) e 376m (± 210,92) P<0,001. Oitenta e dois pacientes transitaram entre estes dois grupos, 71 passaram de sedentários para ativos e caminharam 289m (± 157,15) no pré e 380m (± 125,44) no pós-operatório, P= 0,001; os 11 pacientes que eram ativos e passaram a sedentários caminharam no pré 221m (± 191,91) e, no pós-operatório, 384m (± 63,73) P= 0,007. CONCLUSÃO: A capacidade funcional dos pacientes submetidos à CRM melhorou de forma importante no seguimento de médio prazo.

OBJECTIVE: To check changes in the functional capacity of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by testing six-minute walk test (6MWT) following two years. METHODS: A prospective cohort study where 215 patients were enrolled who underwent CABG, 13 did not meet the criteria for inclusion. 202 patients were evaluated preoperatively, 13 died during hospitalization and 6 in the follow up of two years. Four patients were considered lost follow up. This study followed 179 patients for two years classified into active and sedentary, according to physical activity in leisure time and to the 6MWT preoperatively and 2 years later. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty patients were evaluated in the day before CABGS, being 67 percent male with an average age of 63 (± 9.75) years. Before surgery and 2 years later, 52 were active and the 6MWT distances performed had been 359m (± 164.47) and 439m (± 171.34), respectively; P= 0.016. Forty five patients were classified as sedentary before and 2 years after surgery. The 6MWT distances walked before and after surgery had been 255m (± 172.15) and 376m (± 210.92), respectively; P < 0.001. Eighty two patients transited between these two groups, 71 passed from sedentary to active and had walked before and after surgery 289m (± 157.15) and 380m (± 125.44), respectively; P= 0.001. The 11 patients who were active and passed to the sedentary group walked 221m (± 191.91) and 384m (± 63.73), respectively; P= 0.007. CONCLUSION: The functional capacity of the patients submitted to CABGS had a significant improvement in a medium period of follow-up.

Efeito da atividade física de lazer no prognóstico da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio / Effect of physical activity in leisure on the prognosis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJETIVO: Determinar o efeito da prática de atividade física no tempo livre (AFiTL) no resultado imediato da cirurgia revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo que analisou 202 pacientes submetidos à CRM. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, ativos e sedentários, e a variável independente AFiTL praticada pelos pacientes, em relação ao ano anterior da cirurgia, foi avaliada. No pós-operatório imediato, foi verificada a ocorrência dos eventos cardíacos maiores (ECM), sendo eles morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio, reoperação e tempo de internação hospitalar. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 62 ± 10 anos, e 134 (66 por cento) eram homens. Sessenta e seis (33 por cento) pacientes praticavam AfiTL antes da CRM e foram classificados como ativos, e 136 (67 por cento) eram sedentários. O grupo de pacientes ativos apresentou 78 por cento menos probabilidade de cursar com ECM (odds ratio [OR] = 0,22; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95 por cento = 0,090,51), P< 0,001 e apresentou uma redução de 33 por cento no tempo de internação hospitalar, em comparação aos pacientes sedentários (hazard ratio [HR] = 0,67; IC 95 por cento: 0,49 - 0,93), P = 0,018. CONCLUSÃO: A prática de AFiTL é um importante preditor de eventos cardíacos maiores durante a internação hospitalar.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in the early outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: This prospective cohort study analyzed 202 patients submitted to CABG. The patients were assigned to two groups, active or sedentary, according to the practice of LTPA in the preoperative period. The independent variable LTPA practiced by the patients in the previous year of the surgery was evaluated. The occurrence of the major adverse cardiac events as death, acute myocardial infarction, reoperation and the hospital stay after surgery were planned to be evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 62 ± 10 years, and 134 (66 percent) were men. Sixty-six (33 percent) patients practiced LTPA and were classified as active, and 136 (67 percent) were sedentary. The active group showed 78 percent less probability (OR= 0.22; CI 95 percent: 0.09-0.51) to suffer a MACE P<0.001 and a reduction of 33 percent in length of hospital stay as compared for sedentary patients (HR= 0.67; IC 95 percent: 0.49 - 0.93). P= 0.018. CONCLUSION: LTPA is an important predictor of major adverse cardiac events and hospital stay.

Comparação de dois modelos de estratificação de risco em pacientes eletivamente submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica / Comparison of two models of risk stratification in patients submitted to elective coronary artery bypass surgery

OBJETIVO: Comparar o Cleveland Clinical Score eo EuroSCORE na avaliação de pacientes submetidos eletivamente à CRM no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). MÉTODOS: Coorte com 202 pacientes submetidos à CRM entre janeiro de 2006 e março de 2007. O risco cirúrgico foi determinado por meio dos escores da Cleveland Clinic e do EuroSCORE como de baixo, médio e alto risco. A incidência de óbito foi aferida no intervalo de 60 dias. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi 62 (± 10) anos, 134 (66 por cento) eram homens. Houve correlação entre os escores da Cleveland Clinic e EuroSCORE em categorizar, respectivamente os pacientes em baixo: 142 (70,3 por cento) e 155 (76,7 por cento); médio 56 (27,7 por cento) e 43 (21,3); e alto risco 4 (2 por cento) e 4 (2 por cento) conforme o coeficiente de concordância de Kappa 0,432; P 0,001. No pós-operatório de 60 dias, 13 (6,4 por cento) pacientes morreram. Observou-se uma correlação com percentual crescente da incidência de óbitos com o aumento da categoria de risco em ambos os escores, 6 (4.4 por cento) e 7 (4,5 por cento) no baixo; 5 (8,9 por cento) e 5 (11,6 por cento) no médio; 2 (50 por cento) e 1 (25 por cento) no alto risco nos escore de Cleveland e EuroSCORE respectivamente. Observou-se sensibilidade na previsão de mortalidade cirúrgica de 72,5 por cento e 66,5 por cento para o Cleveland e EuroSCORE respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os escores de risco, da Cleveland Clinic e EuroSCORE, mostraram-se eficazes em prever mortalidade de pacientes submetidos eletivamente à CRM de forma moderada.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Cleveland Clinical Score and EuroSCORE when evaluating patients submitted to CABGS electively in Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: Cohort study with 202 patients submitted to CABGS between January 2006 and March 2007. Surgical risks were categorized by the Cleveland Clinic and EuroSCORE as low, medium and high risks. The incidence of deaths was measured in a 60 days interval. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 62±10 years and 134(66 percent) were men. A correlation was observed between both scores to classify patients at different levels of risk. Patients were categorized using the Cleveland Clinic and EuroSCORE respectively: 142(70.3 percent) and 155(76.7 percent) as low, 56(27.7 percent) and 43(21,3) as medium and 4(2 percent) and 4(2 percent) as high risks, with a Kaplan correlation coefficient of 0.432; p0.001. In the first sixty days after surgery, 13(6.4 percent) patients had died. A correlation between the higher incidences of death with increased category of risk was observed in the Cleveland Clinic and EuroSCORE. Deaths occurred respectively in the Cleveland and EuroSCORE: 6(4.4 percent) and 7(4.5 percent) in the low; 5(8.9 percent) and 5(11.6 percent) in the medium and 2(50 percent) 3 1(25 percent) in the high risks. Noted sensitivity in surgical mortality forecast was of 72.5 percent and 66.5 percent Cleveland and EuroSCORE respectively. CONCLUSION: The Cleveland Clinic and EuroSCORE risk scores have proven effective to evaluate risk of death in patients electively submitted to CABGS.

Papel prognóstico da prática da atividade física na cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio / The role of the practice of physical activity in the prognosis of cardiac surgery

A prática de atividade física já é aceita como uma intervenção benéfica na promoção da saúde e tem sido proposta como possível estratégia para prevenção e reabilitação cardiovascular. Dentro desse contexto, discute-se nesta revisão a influência da prática da atividade física pré-operatória, abordando evidências recentes ou ainda pouco exploradas. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE e Lilacs. Os descritores utilizados foram: physical activity, physical exercise, coronary artery bypass graft, surgery, preoperatory. Apesar dos poucos estudos disponíveis, os resultados encontrados têm demonstrado uma potencial influência da prática da atividade física na redução da ocorrência de eventos cardíacos maiores, tais como morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio e reoperação. A diminuição do tempo de internação hospitalar e a redução nos custos hospitalares também têm sido observadas, sugerindo que a prática da atividade física possa ser incorporada nos programas de tratamento para pacientes em condições de realizarem exercícios físicos, no período que antecede a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Esses resultados sugerem que atividade física possa ser utilizada no pré-operatório da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio.

The practice of physical activity is already established as a beneficial intervention to promote health and has been proposed as a possible strategy for prevention and cardiovascular rehabilitation. In this context, this paper reviews the influence of the preoperative practice of physical activity, focusing on recent yet little explored evidence. A search was made in the MEDLINE and Lilacs databases using the following keywords: physical activity, physical exercise, coronary artery bypass graft, surgery, preoperative. Though studies are scarce, the available results show a potential influence of the practice of physical exercise in reducing the occurrence of major cardiac events such as death, acute myocardial infarction, and reoperation. Shorter hospital stays and reduced hospital costs have also been reported, suggesting that the practice of physical activity should be integrated into the treatment programs for patients who are able to do physical exercises in the period preceding coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These results show that physical activity can be used in the preoperative period of myocardial revascularization surgery.

Efeitos de um programa de 12 semanas de exercícios físicos sobre a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise / Effects of a 12-week exercise training program on the functional capacity and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis

Introdução: A reabilitação física e a qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento dialítico são em geral negligenciadas. O paciente com doença renal crônica relata com frequência um estado de falta de energia, fadiga e depressão. Há poucos estudos relatados na literatura sobre os efeitos de programas de exercícios físicos para pacientes dialisados. Relatamos, através desse artigo, dois casos de pacientes em tratamento dialítico submetidos a um programa de exercícios físicos.

Introduction: Physical rehabilitation and quality of life of patients on dialysis are usually neglected. Patients with chronic kidney disease frequently complain of lack of energy, fatigue, and depression. Studies on the effects of exercise programs for dialysis patients are still scarce. The objective of this study was to report the institution of an exercise program in two patients on dialysis.