ABSTRACT
This study investigated the immediate influence of a stress-management training on teachers and physicians' stress-related outcomes (emotional exhaustion, work distress and irrational beliefs), using meta-analytic techniques. In an action-research perspective, the stress-management training program was implemented in several groups of physicians and teachers in Portugal and in Brazil (n = 144). It was found that in all the samples where this intervention was implemented a decrease on stress-related outcomes occurred; nevertheless not all results obtained were statistically significant. The largest impact of the implemented training program was on the irrational beliefs, with a medium effect size (d+ = 0.61). These results suggest the short-term benefits of this intervention on teachers and physicians stress
Este estudio investiga la influencia a corto plazo de una intervención de manejo del estrés en algunas variables indicadoras de estrés (agotamiento emocional, distress en el trabajo y creencias irracionales), en maestros y médicos, utilizando procedimientos estadísticos de metaanálisis. En una perspectiva de investigación-acción, el programa de capacitación para el manejo del estrés se llevó a cabo en varios grupos de médicos y maestros en Portugal y Brasil (n = 144). En todas las muestras en las que se aplicó esta intervención se observó un aumento en el bienestar positivo y una disminución en los indicadores de estrés, aunque no siempre se obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos. El impacto más significativo del programa fue sobre las creencias irracionales, con un tamaño medio del efecto (d+ = 0.61). Estos resultados sugieren los beneficios a corto plazo del programa de intervención en el estrés de los maestros y los médicos
Subject(s)
Humans , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions , Faculty , Physicians/psychologyABSTRACT
La práctica de la relajación puede ser una estrategia efectiva de afrontamiento del estrés propio de la gestación, una etapa de cambios tanto físicos como emocionales que requiere adaptaciones rápidas. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar los efectos de la práctica regular de una técnica de relajación en mujeres gestantes sobre variables emocionales y físicas: estrés, ansiedad, depresión, tasa cardíaca (TC) y presión arterial (PA). La muestra ha estado compuesta por 46 mujeres gestantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 38 años, residentes en Portugal. La muestra se ha dividido en dos grupos, experimental y control, el primero de los cuales recibió entre el 2o y el 8o mes de gestación un total de veinte-veinticinco sesiones individuales de relajación progresiva y visualización. Se evalúa la eficacia de la intervención con medidas pre y postratamiento de TC y PA, así como de ansiedad, depresión y estrés con las escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse-EADS-21. Los datos encontrados evidencian la eficacia de la práctica de la relajación en las medidas evaluadas (AU)
The practice of relaxation may be an effective strategy for coping with stress during the pregnancy period, a stage of physical and emotional changes that requires adaptations. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the regular practice of a relaxation technique in pregnant women on emotional and physical variables: stress, anxiety, depression, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). Sample: 46 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 38 years, and living in Portugal. Method: These women were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The experimental group received, between the 2nd and the 8th month of pregnancy a total of twenty to twenty five individual sessions of visualization and progressive relaxation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, HR and BP was measured pre- and posttreatment, as well as anxiety, depression, and stress, using EADS-21. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention on the variables assessed (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Relaxation/physiology , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Anxiety/therapy , Depression/therapy , Manifest Anxiety Scale , Cardiac Output/physiology , Arterial Pressure/physiologyABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la reputación social del adolescente -percibida e ideal-, y la violencia instrumental -manifiesta y relacional- en adolescentes desde una perspectiva de género. La muestra utilizada en este estudios fue de 1319 adolescentes -T1- de ambos sexos (53% chicas y 47% chicos) y de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años (edad media 13.5;desviación típica 1.5), escolarizados en siete centros educativos de enseñanza secundaria y, de 554 estudiantes-T2- (54% chicas y 46% chicos). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Reputación Social no conformista de Carroll, Houghton, Hattie y Durkin (1999) y la Escala de Conducta Violenta Instrumental de Little, Henrich, Jones y Hawley (2003). A partir del análisis de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales se obtuvo que la reputación ideal y percibida no conformista (T1) se relaciona con la reputación percibida (T2). También se observó una relación indirecta entre la reputación percibida (T1) y la reputación percibida (T2) a través de la violencia manifiesta instrumental. Se analizan estos resultados desdela perspectiva de género (AU)
The aim of the current study was to analyze the relationship between non-conformist social reputation(perceived and ideal) and instrumental violence (overt and relational) in adolescents from the gender perspective. The sample was composed of 1319 adolescents -T1- aged from 11 to 16 years old (Mean13.5; S.D. 1.5) and both sexes (53 % girls and 47 % boys) in secondary school, and 554 students -T2- (54% girls and 46 % boys). Measures were Non-conformist social reputation scale (Carroll, Houghton, Hattieand Durkin, 1999) and Instrumental violence behavior scale (Little, Henrich, Jones and Hawley, 2003).From structural equation models it was found that the non-conforming social reputation -ideal and perceived-(T1) was related with non-conforming social reputation (T2). An indirect relation was also observed between perceived reputation (T1) and perceived reputation (T2) through overt instrumental violence. Results were analyzed from a gender perspective (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Interpersonal Relations , Violence/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Bullying/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , Self Concept , Social Behavior , Expressed Emotion , Aggression/psychologyABSTRACT
Se examinaron diferencias en las actitudes hacia la salud en el alumnado de cuarto año de educación secundaria obligatoria de Sevilla, el cual fue dividido en dos grupos en función de su participación en el programa "Forma Joven" de promoción de la salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas de los dos grupos, considerándose homogéneos. Las actitudes también fueron similares en ambos; únicamente se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en el grado de peligrosidad asignado a dos de las trece situaciones viales expuestas: "no usar el cinturón de seguridad" e "ir en un vehículo cuando el conductor ha bebido", siendo menor el asignado por los participantes en el programa. Esto coincide con lo verificado en trabajos previos e invita a reflexionar sobre la falta de efectividad de este tipo de programas. En el caso del programa "Forma Joven" podría atribuirse a una deficiente sistematización en su implementación. Sería recomendable proponer intervenciones para aumentar su efectividad.(AU)
The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the programs implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Health Services , Attitude to Health , Health Promotion/methods , School Health Services , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Program Evaluation , Risk-Taking , SpainABSTRACT
Se examinaron diferencias en las actitudes hacia la salud en el alumnado de cuarto año de educación secundaria obligatoria de Sevilla, el cual fue dividido en dos grupos en función de su participación en el programa "Forma Joven" de promoción de la salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas de los dos grupos, considerándose homogéneos. Las actitudes también fueron similares en ambos; únicamente se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en el grado de peligrosidad asignado a dos de las trece situaciones viales expuestas: "no usar el cinturón de seguridad" e "ir en un vehículo cuando el conductor ha bebido", siendo menor el asignado por los participantes en el programa. Esto coincide con lo verificado en trabajos previos e invita a reflexionar sobre la falta de efectividad de este tipo de programas. En el caso del programa "Forma Joven" podría atribuirse a una deficiente sistematización en su implementación. Sería recomendable proponer intervenciones para aumentar su efectividad.(AU)
The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the programs implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Se examinaron diferencias en las actitudes hacia la salud en el alumnado de cuarto año de educación secundaria obligatoria de Sevilla, el cual fue dividido en dos grupos en función de su participación en el programa "Forma Joven" de promoción de la salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas de los dos grupos, considerándose homogéneos. Las actitudes también fueron similares en ambos; únicamente se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en el grado de peligrosidad asignado a dos de las trece situaciones viales expuestas: "no usar el cinturón de seguridad" e "ir en un vehículo cuando el conductor ha bebido", siendo menor el asignado por los participantes en el programa. Esto coincide con lo verificado en trabajos previos e invita a reflexionar sobre la falta de efectividad de este tipo de programas. En el caso del programa "Forma Joven" podría atribuirse a una deficiente sistematización en su implementación. Sería recomendable proponer intervenciones para aumentar su efectividad.
The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the program's implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Health Services , Attitude to Health , Health Promotion/methods , School Health Services , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Program Evaluation , Risk-Taking , SpainABSTRACT
The study examined differences in attitudes regarding health within students in their fourth year of mandatory secondary school in Seville, Spain. The students were divided into two groups according to their participation in the "Forma Joven" health promotion program. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. As there were no significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the two groups, the groups were considered homogeneous. Attitudes were also similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were only found in the level of danger assigned to two of the thirteen transit situations explored: "not using a seatbelt" and "entering a vehicle when the driver has been drinking," with the lower level of risk corresponding to the group of students participating in the program. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and invites reflection upon the effectiveness of such programs. In the case of the "Forma Joven" program, the ineffectiveness could be attributable to a lack of systematization in the program's implementation. In the future, interventions to increase the effectiveness of the program should be proposed.