ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Myelodysplasia (MDS) can occur as systemic manifestations such as connective tissue diseases or vasculitis. Rheumatological manifestations are also described in such context. Herein, we report the observation of a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) who developed systemic manifestations: polymyalgia rheumatica and pericarditis. CASE REPORT: A 78-year-old patient was referred for the exploration of two months history of inflammatory shoulder pain associated with biological inflammatory syndrome. He presented with asthenia, anorexia and loss of 5kg in one month. He had a three years follow-up for a CMML without any specific treatment. All of the explorations carried out showed a typical polymyalgia rheumatica. A pericardial effusion requiring emergency drainage was synchronously diagnosed. All the symptoms occurred during a worsening of his hematological disease. The rheumatological manifestation was favorable after a short corticosteroid therapy and pericarditis did not recur after 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: It should be necessary to screen patients for MDS in a context of systemic manifestation, especially in elderly patients with an abnormal blood count (cytopenia, macrocytosis and monocytosis).