Subject(s)
Diarrhea/etiology , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Hematemesis/etiology , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Colectomy/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Emergency Service, Hospital , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Humans , Infant , Magnets/adverse effects , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many extremely low birth weight infants develop pulmonary hypertension late in their clinical course, and over 60% go undetected by early screening echocardiography. At present, no standardised screening protocol exists for detecting late pulmonary hypertension in extremely low birth weight infants. We assessed the utility of oxygen supplementation as a predictor of late pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: A retrospective single-centre review of extremely low birth weight infants with no evidence of CHD and those surviving for >30 days was performed. The association between oxygen ⩾30% at day of life 30 and diagnosis of late pulmonary hypertension was estimated with an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval using logistic regression. Doppler echocardiography was used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension in the infants. RESULTS: A total of 230 infants met the study criteria. The incidence of late pulmonary hypertension was 8.3% (19/230). Infants with late pulmonary hypertension were more likely to have a lower mean birth weight (667.1±144 versus 799.3±140 g, p=0.001) and more likely to be small for gestational age (47.4 versus 14.2%, p=0.004). Oxygen requirement ⩾30% at day of life 30 was associated with increased risk of late pulmonary hypertension (odds ratio=3.77, 95% confidence interval=1.42-10.00, p=0.008) in univariate analysis and after adjusting for birth weight (odds ratio=2.47, 95% confidence interval=0.89-6.84, p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The need of oxygen supplementation ⩾30% at day of life 30 may be a good screening tool for detecting late pulmonary hypertension in extremely low birth weight infants.
Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Neonatal Screening/methods , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Birth Weight , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/complications , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Florida , Gestational Age , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Male , Odds Ratio , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) are being developed as gene therapy delivery vehicles and as genetic vaccines, and some of the most scaleable manufacturing methods for rAAV use live adenovirus to induce production. One aspect of establishing safety of rAAV products is therefore demonstrating adequate and reliable clearance of this helper virus by the vector purification process. The ICH Q5A regulatory guidance on viral safety provides recommendations for process design and characterization of viral clearance for recombinant proteins, and these principles were adapted to a rAAV serotype 1 purification process for clinical vectors. Specific objectives were to achieve overall adenovirus clearance factors significantly greater than input levels by using orthogonal separation and inactivation methods, and to segregate adenovirus from downstream operations by positioning a robust clearance step early in the process. Analytical tools for process development and characterization addressed problematic in-process samples, and a viral clearance validation study was performed using adenovirus and two non-specific model viruses. Overall clearance factors determined were >23 LRV for adenovirus, 11 LRV for BVDV, and >23 LRV for AMuLV.
