The O-RADS MRI score for the characterization of indeterminate ovarian masses: From theory to practice.

This article reviews the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS MRI) score for the characterization of indeterminate ovarian masses. We aim to provide sufficient information to enable readers to apply the score efficiently in clinical practice. To this end, we review the indications of the O-RADS MRI score and the specific MRI protocol that must be applied. We review all the categories of the score, illustrating them through examples. Finally, we show the most common errors and pitfalls during the learning curve, providing the keys to avoiding them.

La clasificación O-RADS RM para caracterización de las masas ováricas indeterminadas. De la teoría a la práctica / The O-RADS MRI score for the characterization of indeterminate ovarian masses: from theory to practice

El propósito de este artículo es revisar la clasificación Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS RM) para caracterización de masas ováricas indeterminadas. Nuestro objetivo es que al final de la lectura de este artículo el lector tenga un conocimiento suficiente de dicha clasificación para poderla aplicar en la práctica clínica de forma eficiente.Para ello, revisaremos las indicaciones de la clasificación O-RADS RM y el protocolo de RM específico que debe realizarse. Repasaremos todas las categorías de la clasificación aportando ejemplos ilustrativos. Por último, mostraremos los errores más frecuentes que aparecen durante la curva de aprendizaje y daremos las claves para subsanarlos.(AU)

This article reviews the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS MRI) score for the characterization of indeterminate ovarian masses. We aim to provide sufficient information to enable readers to apply the score efficiently in clinical practice.To this end, we review the indications of the O-RADS MRI score and the specific MRI protocol that must be applied. We review all the categories of the score, illustrating them through examples. Finally, we show the most common errors and pitfalls during the learning curve, providing the keys to avoiding them.(AU)

CT differentiation of fat-poor angiomyolipomas from papillary renal cell carcinomas: development of a predictive model.

PURPOSE: To identify specific contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) findings and develop a predictive model with logistic regression to differentiate fat-poor angiomyolipomas (fpAML) from papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC). METHODS: This is a single-institution retrospective study that assess CT features of histologically proven 67 pRCC and 13 fpAML. CECT variables were studied by means of univariate logistic regression. Variables included patients' demographics, tumor attenuation (unenhanced and at arterial, venous and excretory post-contrast phases), type of enhancement, morphological features (axial long and short diameters, long-short axis ratio (LSR) and tumor to kidney angle interface) and presence of visible calcifications or vessels. Those variables with a p ≤ 0.05 underwent standard stepwise logistic regression to find predictive combinations of clinical variables. Best models were evaluated by AUROC curves and were subjected to Leave-one-out cross validation to assess their robustness. RESULTS: Odds ratio (OR) between pRCC and fpAML was statistically significant for patient's gender, tumor attenuation in arterial, venous and excretory phases, tumor's long diameter, short diameter, LSR, type of enhancement, presence of intratumoral vessels and tumor-kidney angle interface. The best predictive model resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.971 and included gender, tumor-kidney angle interface and venous attenuation with the following equation: Log(p/1 - p) = - 2.834 + 4.052 * gender + - 0.066 * AngleInterface + 0.074 * VenousphaseHU. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of patients' gender, tumor to kidney angle interface and venous enhancement helps to distinguish fpAML from pRCC.

Utilidad diagnóstica e impacto terapéutico de la PET/TC con [18F]F-Fluormetilcolina en la recidiva bioquímica del cáncer de próstata / Diagnostic utility and therapeutic impact of PET/CT [18F]F-Fluoromethylcholine-Choline in the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer

OBJETIVO: Valorar la capacidad diagnóstica de la PET/TC con [18F]F-Fluormetilcolina en la recidiva bioquímica del cáncer de próstata (CP) y su impacto terapéutico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 108 pacientes, diagnosticados de CP con criterios bioquímicos de recurrencia. Se realizó una PET/TC Colina mediante estudio dinámico de pelvis y estudio de cuerpo entero a los 60min postinyección del trazador. Se ha analizado la relación entre los estudios positivos y el valor del PSA clasificando a los pacientes en tres grupos (<1,2/1,2-2/>2ng/ml); se ha valorado la capacidad diagnóstica respecto a la RM pelviana y el impacto en la decisión terapéutica. RESULTADOS: Se identificó la localización de la recurrencia en 85 de 108 pacientes (78,7%): 34 local, 47 ganglionar pelviana y 58 lesiones a distancia, incluyendo ganglios retroperitoneales, mediastínicos y lesiones en órganos a distancia (hueso y pulmón). Se diagnosticaron segundos tumores en 4 pacientes. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de estudios positivos dependiendo del tratamiento primario. Los pacientes con PSA>2ng/ml mostraron un porcentaje de detección de enfermedad más alto que los pacientes con un nivel de PSA inferior, con diferencias significativas (p < 0,0001). La PET/TC [18F]F-Colina fue capaz de detectar enfermedad local, no conocida previamente por la RM, en el 29,41% de los pacientes. La PET/TC Colina tuvo impacto en el manejo terapéutico en 67 de 108 pacientes (62%). CONCLUSIONES: La PET/TC [18F]F-Fluormetilcolina es una herramienta útil en la detección de enfermedad locorregional y diseminada del CP tratado con sospecha de recurrencia, proporcionando un cambio de manejo terapéutico en un 62% de los pacientes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic capability of PET/CT with [18F]F-Fluoromethylcholine in prostate cancer (PC) with biochemical recurrence and its therapeutic impact. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 108 patients, diagnosed with PC with biochemical criteria for recurrence. A PET/CT Choline scan was performed by dynamic pelvic and whole body study at 60min post-tracer injection. The relationship between the positive studies and the PSA value was analysed by classifying patients into three groups (<1.2/1.2-2/>2ng/ml), and the diagnostic capacity was assessed with respect to pelvic MRI and the impact on the therapeutic decision. RESULTS: The location of recurrence was identified in 85 of 108 patients (78.7%): 34 local, 47 pelvic lymph nodes and 58 distant lesions, including retroperitoneal, mediastinal lymph nodes and distant organ lesions (bone and lung). Second tumors were diagnosed in 4 patients. No significant differences were found in the percentage of positive studies depending on primary treatment. Patients with PSA>2ng/ml showed a higher percentage of disease detection than patients with a lower PSA level, with significant differences (p < 0.0001). PET/CT [18F]F-Choline was able to detect local disease, not previously known from MRI, in 29.41% of patients. PET/CT Choline had an impact on therapeutic management in 67 of 108 patients (62%). CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT with [18F]F-Fluoromethylcholine is a useful tool in the detection of locoregional and disseminated disease of PC treated with suspicion of recurrence, providing a change in therapeutic management in 62% of patients

Profilaxis de la lesión renal aguda poscontraste (LRA-PC). Actualización según la guía clínica ESUR 10.0 y revisión crítica / Prophylaxis against postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI): updates in the ESUR guidelines 10.0 and critical review

La European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) ha actualizado la guía de profilaxis de la lesión renal aguda poscontraste (LRA-PC) yodado en 2018, guía ESUR 10.0. Esta guía reduce drásticamente las indicaciones de la realización de la profilaxis de la LRA-PC yodado, rebajando el dintel de realización de profilaxis a filtrados glomerulares menores de 30 ml/min/1,73m2 y eliminando la mayoría de los considerados factores de riesgo previamente. En los casos en que se considera necesario, las pautas de hidratación indicadas son más cortas que en la guía previa. Esta guía ha sido suscrita por la mayoría de las sociedades radiológicas, pero también ha sido criticada por su excesiva relajación en cuanto a los factores de riesgo, especialmente por la comunidad nefrológica. En este artículo revisamos los cambios que supone esta guía en relación con la anterior y planteamos las críticas a la misma

The European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) updated its guidelines for prophylaxis against postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in 2018 (ESUR 10.0). These guidelines drastically reduce the indications for prophylaxis against PC-AKI after iodine-based contrast administration, lowering the cutoff for administering prophylaxis to glomerular filtration rates <30ml/min/1.73m2 and eliminating most of the prior risk factors. Moreover, in cases where prophylaxis is considered necessary, the periods of hydration are shorter than in the previous version. These guidelines have been approved by most radiological societies, although they have also been criticized for excessive relaxation regarding risk factors, especially by the nephrological community. In this article, we critically review the changes to the guidelines

Diagnostic utility and therapeutic impact of PET/CT [18F]F-Fluoromethylcholine -Choline in the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. / Utilidad diagnóstica e impacto terapéutico de la PET/TC con [18F]F-Fluormetilcolina en la recidiva bioquímica del cáncer de próstata.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic capability of PET/CT with [18F]F-Fluoromethylcholine in prostate cancer (PC) with biochemical recurrence and its therapeutic impact. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 108 patients, diagnosed with PC with biochemical criteria for recurrence. A PET/CT Choline scan was performed by dynamic pelvic and whole body study at 60min post-tracer injection. The relationship between the positive studies and the PSA value was analysed by classifying patients into three groups (<1.2/1.2-2/>2ng/ml), and the diagnostic capacity was assessed with respect to pelvic MRI and the impact on the therapeutic decision. RESULTS: The location of recurrence was identified in 85 of 108 patients (78.7%): 34 local, 47 pelvic lymph nodes and 58 distant lesions, including retroperitoneal, mediastinal lymph nodes and distant organ lesions (bone and lung). Second tumors were diagnosed in 4 patients. No significant differences were found in the percentage of positive studies depending on primary treatment. Patients with PSA>2ng/ml showed a higher percentage of disease detection than patients with a lower PSA level, with significant differences (p<0.0001). PET/CT [18F]F-Choline was able to detect local disease, not previously known from MRI, in 29.41% of patients. PET/CT Choline had an impact on therapeutic management in 67 of 108 patients (62%). CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT with [18F]F-Fluoromethylcholine is a useful tool in the detection of locoregional and disseminated disease of PC treated with suspicion of recurrence, providing a change in therapeutic management in 62% of patients.

Prophylaxis against postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI): updates in the ESUR guidelines 10.0 and critical review. / Profilaxis de la lesión renal aguda poscontraste (LRA-PC). Actualización según la guía clínica ESUR 10.0 y revisión crítica.

The European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) updated its guidelines for prophylaxis against postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in 2018 (ESUR 10.0). These guidelines drastically reduce the indications for prophylaxis against PC-AKI after iodine-based contrast administration, lowering the cutoff for administering prophylaxis to glomerular filtration rates <30ml/min/1.73m2 and eliminating most of the prior risk factors. Moreover, in cases where prophylaxis is considered necessary, the periods of hydration are shorter than in the previous version. These guidelines have been approved by most radiological societies, although they have also been criticized for excessive relaxation regarding risk factors, especially by the nephrological community. In this article, we critically review the changes to the guidelines.

Recent Developments in Tele-Ultrasonography.

A long-standing trend that will continue to grow in healthcare is providing high quality services for all the patient, no matter the distance and no matter the place. One approach currently being used to increase population access to healthcare services is telemedicine. This narrative review presents one branch of e-health, in particular the use of teleultrasonography (TUS) in clinical practice, the challenges and barriers encountered. Current advances in ultrasound technology, including the growth of portable and small ultrasound devices have increased the range of applications of TUS, from traumatic patients in emergency medicine, maternal ultrasound and even for monitoring and screening for chronic illnesses. Even though some barriers are still looking for a solution, like standardized training and protocols, errors in data acquisition, the lack of trained professionals to operate in remote areas, TUS has the potential to redesign future health care systems.

The mandatory role of groin lymphadenectomy in clinical Stages IB and II vulvar cancer.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To analyze the prevalence of inguinofemoral lymph nodes metastases in clinical Stages IB-II vulva cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with FIGO Stages IB-II FIGO vulva cancer with no clinically and imagistic evidence of nodes metastases were treated in the present clinic. The surgical procedures consisted in radical vulvectomy plus inguinofemoral lym- phadenectomy. RESULTS: The final pathological result was squamous carcinoma in 20 patients, vulva melanoma in one, and carcinosar- coma in one. The prevalence of positive lymph nodes was 45.4%. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 14.0 per groin (between four and 27). Twelve patients (54.5%) developed some wound complications, but all were resolved. At the present time, 20 patients are alive, but the follow-up period is short for many of them; two patients died of disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of groin metastases in Stages IB-II vulvar cancer is high. A thorough inguino-femoral dissection seems necessary, despite the high incidence of wound complications.

Manejo de la lesión renal focal incidental / Managing focal incidental renal lesions

La aparición de una lesión renal incidental ocurre con relativa frecuencia en la práctica radiológica diaria. Ante una lesión incidental deben conocerse las diferentes posibilidades diagnósticas dependiendo de si la lesión es de apariencia quística o sólida. El manejo de las lesiones quísticas viene determinado por la clasificación de Bosniak, mientras que el manejo de las lesiones sólidas trata de diferenciar entre el cáncer renal y tumores benignos, como el angiomiolipoma pobre en grasa y el oncocitoma. El radiólogo debe conocer las recomendaciones en el manejo de dichas lesiones y la utilidad de las diferentes técnicas por imagen e intervencionistas que se pueden realizar en función de las características de la lesión incidental y de las expectativas de vida del paciente (AU)

Incidental renal lesions are relatively common in daily radiological practice. It is important to know the different diagnostic possibilities for incidentally detected lesions, depending on whether they are cystic or solid. The management of cystic lesions is guided by the Bosniak classification. In solid lesions, the goal is to differentiate between renal cancer and benign tumors such as fat-poor angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma. Radiologists need to know the recommendations for the management of these lesions and the usefulness of the different imaging techniques and interventional procedures in function of the characteristics of the incidental lesion and the patient's life expectancy (AU)

Utilidad de la tomografía computarizada de doble energía con un programa específico para la identificación de litiasis renales de ácido úrico / Usefulness of dual-energy computed tomography with and without dedicated software in identifying uric acid kidney stones

Objetivo. Valorar de manera prospectiva e in vivo la identificación de litiasis renales de ácido úrico con tomografía computarizada (TC) de doble energía (TCDE) con y sin software específico. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 65 litiasis de 63 pacientes analizadas ex vivo con espectrofotometría y que habían sido estudiadas con una TCDE. Se valoró el rendimiento diagnóstico en identificar litiasis de ácido úrico con TCDE mediante el análisis de las densidades radiológicas de las litiasis utilizando el software específico, o sin utilizarlo (midiéndolo manualmente), y mediante el análisis de las ratios de densidad de las litiasis en ambas energías con o sin el software específico. Resultados. Las seis litiasis de ácido úrico incluidas fueron correctamente identificadas mediante la valoración de la ratio de densidades con un punto de corte de 1,21, tanto con el software específico como sin él, con un rendimiento diagnóstico perfecto, sin presencia de falsos positivos ni negativos. El estudio de densidades de las litiasis obtuvo valores de las curvas COR en clasificación de litiasis de ácido úrico de 0,92 para medición con la aplicación informática y de 0,89 para las mediciones manuales y una precisión diagnóstica del 84% (42/50) con el software y del 83,1% (54/65) para las mediciones manuales para un punto de corte de 538 UH. Conclusiones. El estudio de litiasis con TCDE permite identificar correctamente las litiasis de ácido úrico mediante el cálculo de la ratio de densidades en ambas energías. Los resultados obtenidos con y sin software específico son similares (AU)

Objective. To prospectively evaluate the usefulness of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with and without dedicated software in identifying uric acid kidney stones in vivo. Material and methods. We studied 65 kidney stones in 63 patients. All stones were analyzed in vivo by DECT and ex vivo by spectrophotometry. We evaluated the diagnostic performance in identifying uric acid stones with DECT by analyzing the radiologic densities with dedicated software and without using it (through manual measurements) as well as by analyzing the attenuation ratios of the stones in both energies with and without the dedicated software. Results. The six uric acid stones included were correctly identified by evaluating the attenuation ratios with a cutoff of 1.21, both with the dedicated software and without it, yielding perfect diagnostic performance without false positives or false negatives. The study of the attenuations of the stones obtained the following values on the receiver operating characteristic curves in the classification of the uric acid stones: 0.92 for the measurements done with the software and 0.89 for the manual measurements; a cutoff of 538 HU yielded 84% (42/50) diagnostic accuracy for the software and 83.1% (54/65) for the manual measurements. Conclusions. DECT enabled the uric acid stones to be identified correctly through the calculation of the ratio of the attenuations in the two energies. The results obtained with the dedicated software were similar to those obtained manually (AU)

EFSUMB Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound (INVUS), Part III - Abdominal Treatment Procedures (Short Version).

The third part of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound assesses the evidence for ultrasound-guided and assisted interventions in abdominal treatment procedures. Recommendations for clinical practice are presented covering indications, contraindications, safety and efficacy of the broad variety of these techniques. In particular, drainage of abscesses and fluid collections, interventional tumor ablation techniques, interventional treatment of symptomatic cysts and echinococcosis, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage, percutaneous gastrostomy, urinary bladder drainage, and nephrostomy are addressed (short version; a long version is published online).

[Managing focal incidental renal lesions]. / Manejo de la lesión renal focal incidental.

Incidental renal lesions are relatively common in daily radiological practice. It is important to know the different diagnostic possibilities for incidentally detected lesions, depending on whether they are cystic or solid. The management of cystic lesions is guided by the Bosniak classification. In solid lesions, the goal is to differentiate between renal cancer and benign tumors such as fat-poor angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma. Radiologists need to know the recommendations for the management of these lesions and the usefulness of the different imaging techniques and interventional procedures in function of the characteristics of the incidental lesion and the patient's life expectancy.

Usefulness of dual-energy computed tomography with and without dedicated software in identifying uric acid kidney stones.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the usefulness of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with and without dedicated software in identifying uric acid kidney stones in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 65 kidney stones in 63 patients. All stones were analyzed in vivo by DECT and ex vivo by spectrophotometry. We evaluated the diagnostic performance in identifying uric acid stones with DECT by analyzing the radiologic densities with dedicated software and without using it (through manual measurements) as well as by analyzing the attenuation ratios of the stones in both energies with and without the dedicated software. RESULTS: The six uric acid stones included were correctly identified by evaluating the attenuation ratios with a cutoff of 1.21, both with the dedicated software and without it, yielding perfect diagnostic performance without false positives or false negatives. The study of the attenuations of the stones obtained the following values on the receiver operating characteristic curves in the classification of the uric acid stones: 0.92 for the measurements done with the software and 0.89 for the manual measurements; a cutoff of 538 HU yielded 84% (42/50) diagnostic accuracy for the software and 83.1% (54/65) for the manual measurements. CONCLUSIONS: DECT enabled the uric acid stones to be identified correctly through the calculation of the ratio of the attenuations in the two energies. The results obtained with the dedicated software were similar to those obtained manually.

EFSUMB Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound (INVUS), Part III - Abdominal Treatment Procedures (Long Version).

The third part of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound (INVUS) assesses the evidence for ultrasound-guided and assisted interventions in abdominal treatment procedures. Recommendations for clinical practice are presented covering indications, contraindications, and safe and effective performance of the broad variety of these techniques. In particular, drainage of abscesses and fluid collections, interventional tumor ablation techniques, interventional treatment of symptomatic cysts and echinococcosis, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage, percutaneous gastrostomy, urinary bladder drainage, and nephrostomy are addressed (long version).

EFSUMB Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound (INVUS), Part II. Diagnostic Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Procedures (Short Version).

This is the second part of the series on interventional ultrasound guidelines of the Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). It deals with the diagnostic interventional procedure. General points are discussed which are pertinent to all patients, followed by organ-specific imaging that will allow the correct pathway and planning for the interventional procedure. This will allow for the appropriate imaging workup for each individual interventional procedure (Long version/ short version; the long version is published online).

EFSUMB Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound (INVUS), Part II. Diagnostic Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Procedures (Long Version).

This is the second part of the series on interventional ultrasound guidelines of the Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). It deals with the diagnostic interventional procedure. General points are discussed which are pertinent to all patients, followed by organ-specific imaging that will allow the correct pathway and planning for the interventional procedure. This will allow for the appropriate imaging workup for each individual interventional procedure (Long version).

Cuantificación de la señal T2 pulmonar por resonancia magnética como factor pronóstico en las hernias diafragmáticas congénitas fetales / Prognostic usefulness of derived T2-weighted fetal magnetic resonance imaging measurements in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Objetivo: Determinar el pronóstico neonatal de la hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) partiendo de la señal relativa del pulmón contralateral en secuencias rápidas T2 de resonancia magnética (RM) fetal. Material y métodos: Estudiamos mediante ecografía y RM 28 fetos afectos de HDC y valoramos retrospectivamente en la ecografía fetal la relación entre el cociente observado y el esperado del diámetro axial máximo del pulmón dividido por el perímetro craneal (O/E LHR) y la posición hepática, y en la RM fetal el cociente de señal pulmón/hígado (LLSR) y el cociente de señal pulmón/líquido cefalorraquídeo (L/SF SR). Para determinar su valor pronóstico, los comparamos con los parámetros posnatales: supervivencia, hipertensión pulmonar, necesidad de oxígeno y la necesidad de oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. Resultados: Encontramos diferencias significativas entre O/E LHR y la necesidad de oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea posnatal (p = 0,033) y la supervivencia posnatal (p = 0,01), y entre el LLSR de los fetos que sobrevivieron más de 45 días y los que no, con unas medianas de 1,91 y 2,56 respectivamente (p = 0,039). Conclusiones: El LLSR se correlaciona con la supervivencia posnatal en fetos con HDC y puede potencialmente utilizarse como parámetro pronóstico de la HDC fetal (AU)

Objective: To determine the usefulness of various parameters based on T2-weighted fetal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements of the uninvolved lung for the neonatal prognosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Material and methods: We used ultrasonography and MR imaging to study 28 fetuses with CDH. We retrospectively analyzed a) on fetal ultrasonography, the observed-to-expected lung to head ratio (O/E LHR) and the position of the liver, and b) on fetal MR imaging, the lung-liver signal ratio (LLSR) and the lungcerebrospinal fluid ratio (L/CSF SR). To determine the prognostic value of these parameters, we compared them with the following postnatal parameters: survival, pulmonary hypertension, need for oxygen supplementation, and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Results: We found significant differences between O/E LHR and the need for postnatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P = .033) and postnatal survival (P = .01). We also found significant differences in LLSR between fetuses that survived more than 45 days and those that died within 45 days (1.91 vs. 2.56; P = .039). Conclusions: In fetuses with CDH, the LLSR correlates with postnatal survival and can potentially be used as a prognostic parameter in CDH (AU)

Manejo diagnóstico del cólico renal / Diagnostic management of renal colic

El cólico renal es un motivo frecuente de consulta en los Servicios de Urgencias y la imagen diagnóstica se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental del diagnóstico y manejo clínico. La ecografía y, fundamentalmente, la tomografía computarizada sin contraste permiten diagnosticarlo con un rendimiento elevado. El manejo radiológico va a depender de la disponibilidad del centro y de las características de la población. Es imprescindible usar técnicas de baja dosis de radiación en la tomografía computarizada y técnicas alternativas como la ecografía en embarazadas y niños. En este artículo hacemos una revisión epidemiológica, clínica, radiológica y del manejo clínico de la litiasis ureteral (AU)

Renal colic is a common reason for presentation to emergency departments, and imaging has become fundamental for the diagnosis and clinical management of this condition. Ultrasonography and particularly noncontrast computed tomography have good diagnostic performance in diagnosing renal colic. Radiologic management will depend on the tools available at the center and on the characteristics of the patient. It is essential to use computed tomography techniques that minimize radiation and to use alternatives like ultrasonography in pregnant patients and children. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical and radiologic presentations, and clinical management of ureteral lithiasis (AU)

Diagnostic management of renal colic.

Renal colic is a common reason for presentation to emergency departments, and imaging has become fundamental for the diagnosis and clinical management of this condition. Ultrasonography and particularly noncontrast computed tomography have good diagnostic performance in diagnosing renal colic. Radiologic management will depend on the tools available at the center and on the characteristics of the patient. It is essential to use computed tomography techniques that minimize radiation and to use alternatives like ultrasonography in pregnant patients and children. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical and radiologic presentations, and clinical management of ureteral lithiasis.