[Association between brain glucose metabolism and cardiac dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging].

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the brain glucose metabolism and left ventricular function parameters, and to explore the cerebral glucose metabolism reduction regions in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: A total of 110 consecutive IHD patients who underwent gated (99)Tc(m)-sestamibi (MIBI) SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion imaging, gated (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT myocardial and brain glucose metabolic imaging within three days in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from April 2016 to October 2017, were enrolled in this study. Left ventricular functional parameters of SPECT/CT and PET/CT including end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were analyzed by QGS software. Viable myocardium and myocardial infarction region were determined by 17-segment and 5 score system, and the ratio of viable myocardium and scar myocardium was calculated. According to the range of viable myocardium, the patients were divided into viable myocardium<10% group (n=44), viable myocardium 10%-<20% group (n=36) and viable myocardium≥20% group (n=30). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the range of viable myocardium and scar myocardium and the level of cerebral glucose metabolism. Brain glucose metabolism determined by the mean of standardized uptake value (SUV(mean)) was analyzed by SPM. The ratio of SUV(mean) in whole brain and SUV(mean) in cerebellum were calculated, namely taget/background ratio (TBR). Differences in cerebral glucose metabolism among various groups were analyzed by SPM. Results: There were 101 males, and age was (57±10) years in this cohort. The extent of viable myocardium and the extent of scar, LVEF evaluated by SPECT/CT and PET/CT were significantly correlated with TBR (r=0.280, r=-0.329, r=0.188, r=0.215 respectively,all P<0.05). TBR value was significantly lower in viable myocardium<10% group, compared with viable myocardium 10%-<20% group (1.25±0.97 vs. 1.32±0.17, P<0.05) and viable myocardium≥20% group (1.25±0.97 vs. 1.34±0.16, P<0.05). Furthermore, in comparison with viable myocardium≥20% group, the hypo-metabolic regions of viable myocardium<10% group were located in the precuneus, frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and so on. Conclusions: There is a correlation between impaired left ventricular function and brain glucose metabolism in IHD patients. In IHD patients with low myocardial viability, the level of glucose metabolism in the whole brain is decreased, especially in the brain functional areas related to cognitive function.

Perindopril inhibits myocardial apoptosis in mice with acute myocardial infarction through TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-apoptotic effect of perindopril on myocardial cells in mice with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups before intervention, namely sham operation group (Sham group, n=12), AMI group (n=12), 1.5 mg/kg perindopril treatment group (Perindopril group, n=12), and 1.5 mg/kg perindopril treatment and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) knockout group (TLR4-/-Perindopril group, n=12). Mice in the control group and AMI group were gavaged with normal saline, and those in the Perindopril group and TLR4-/-Perindopril group were gavaged with perindopril for 7 d. On the 4th day after drug administration, mice in the AMI group, Perindopril group and TLR4-/-Perindopril group were subjected to the ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery to induce AMI, and those in the Sham group underwent the same operation, but had a loose knot at the anterior descending coronary artery. At 24 h after the above operation, color echocardiography was performed on mice to observe changes in cardiac function. Then, the mice were sacrificed. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was carried out to determine myocardial apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technique were employed to detect the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p50 in infarction zones. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p50 in infarction zones were measured via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Perindopril could significantly reduce the number of apoptotic myocardial cells after AMI. Mouse echocardiography showed that ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) of AMI mice in the Perindopril groups were markedly superior to those in the AMI group. AMI mice in the Perindopril group had decreased expression levels of Bax protein and TLR4 and NF-κB p50 mRNA and protein, as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Knockout of TLR4 attenuated the effect of perindopril in alleviating myocardial apoptosis after AMI. CONCLUSIONS: Perindopril inhibits myocardial apoptosis in mice with AMI through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

[Chondromucinous tumors involving craniocerebral slope area: a clinicopathological analysis of eight cases].

Objective: To investigate the histological type and clinicopathological characteristics of the craniocerebral slope tumors with chondromucinous features. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze chondromucinous tumors in the slope area diagnosed at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from October 2011 to June 2018. Relevant clinical and pathological data were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the immunophenotype of the tumors. Results: Eight cases were identified, including 4 males and 4 females with patient age ranging from 20 to 48 years. Histologically, there were 1 case of chordoid meningioma, 1 chondromyxoid fibroma, 1 mucinous chondrosarcoma, 1 Maffucci syndrome, and 4 chondroid chordomas. Conclusion: Chondromucinous tumors of the slope area include chordoma, chordoid meningioma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and myxoid chondrosarcoma and their correct diagnosis is mainly based on the morphological characteristics, immunophenotype and comprehensive analysis of clinical data.

Influence of the composition gradient on the propagation of heat pulses in functionally graded nanomaterials.

A theoretical model to describe heat transport in functionally graded nanomaterials is developed in the framework of extended thermodynamics. The heat-transport equation used in our theoretical model is of the Maxwell-Cattaneo type. We study the propagation of acceleration waves in functionally graded materials (FGMs). In the special case of functionally graded Si1-c Ge c thin layers, we point out the influence of the composition gradient on the propagation of heat pulses. A possible use of heat pulses as exploring tool to infer the inner composition of FGMs is suggested.

Analysis of Meiotic Segregation Patterns and Interchromosomal Effects in Sperm from 13 Robertsonian Translocations.

The frequency of the Robertonian (ROB) translocation in newborn babies is approximately one in 1000. Robertsonian translocation is an unusual type of chromosome rearrangement caused by two particular chromosomes joining together. The aim of the study was to analyze the segregation of the ROB translocations in 13 male carriers, and to verify a possible inter-chromosomal effect (ICE) of the ROB translocation on chromosomes 18, X, and Y. Thirteen male patients were included in the study. Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 18, X and Y in sperm. Among the heterozygous ROB translocation carriers, the frequency of normal/balanced spermatozoa resulting from alternate segregation varied between 70.4 and 85.2%. The frequency of unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from adjacent segregation varied between 14.8 and 29.6%. Increased frequencies of aneuploidy for a sex chromosome were found in 10 ROB translocation carriers (P2-P8, P10-P12). Increased frequencies of aneuploidy for chromosome 18 were found in10 ROB translocation carriers (P3-P9, P11-P13). In addition, increased frequencies of diploid were found in 11 ROB translocation carriers (P2-P9, P11-P13). Among the homozygous ROB translocation carriers, the rate of balanced spermatozoa was 99.7% and the frequency of unbalanced spermatozoa was 0.3%. However, the frequencies of aneuploidy for a sex chromosome and chromosome 18 were normal. Despite the high number of normal/balanced frequencies, there remained many unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from alternate segregation. The ROB translocation carriers may be at an increased risk for ICE. Robertsonian translocation homozygosity could be seen as a potential speciation in humans with 44 chromosomes.

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of two formulations of hydroxyethyl starch in healthy horses.

A lower molecular weight and molar substitution formulation (130/0.4) of hydroxyethyl starch solution has been shown to have a more sustained effect on COP and similar hemodynamic effects as a higher molecular weight and molar substitution formulation (600/0.75) in healthy horses. In humans, these pharmacodynamic characteristics are coupled with more rapid clearance and decreased adverse coagulation effects and accumulation. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the pharmacokinetics of these two formulations in horses. Eight healthy horses were given a 10 mL/kg bolus of each formulation (600/0.75 and 130/0.4) of hydroxyethyl starch solution in a randomized crossover design. Blood was collected, and plasma was harvested for plasma levels over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters for each horse were estimated from a noncompartmental analysis. Treatment with 600/0.75 resulted in a higher initial plasma concentration (C0 ), systemic half-life (t1/2 ), and overall drug exposure (AUC0-inf ) in addition to decreased elimination rate (ß), volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance (CL), compared to treatment with 130/0.4 (P < 0.001). The pharmacokinetic findings combined with previous pharmacodynamics findings suggest that 130/0.4 can provide similar benefits to 600/0.75 with a lower risk of accumulation in the circulation.

Resting-state brain alteration after a single dose of SSRI administration predicts 8-week remission of patients with major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: The present study investigated alteration of brain resting-state activity induced by antidepressant treatment and attempted to investigate whether treatment efficacy can be predicted at an early stage of pharmacological treatment. METHOD: Forty-eight first-episode medication-free patients diagnosed with major depression received treatment with escitalopram. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was administered prior to treatment, 5 h after the first dose, during the course of pharmacological treatment (week 4) and at endpoint (week 8). Resting-state activity was evaluated in the course of the 8-week treatment and in relation to clinical improvement. RESULTS: Escitalopram dynamically modified resting-state activity in depression during the treatment. After 5 h the antidepressant induced a significant decrease in the signal in the occipital cortex and an increase in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices and middle cingulate cortex. Furthermore, while remitters demonstrated more obvious changes following treatment, these were more modest in non-responders suggesting possible tonic and dynamic differences in the serotonergic system. Changes after 5 h in the caudate, occipital and temporal cortices were the best predictor of clinical remission at endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the possibility of using the measurement of resting-state neural changes a few hours after acute administration of antidepressant to identify individuals likely to remit after a few weeks of treatment.

Biological effects and clinical application of negative pressure wound therapy: a review.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown great advantages in the management of a wide range of clinical problems such as wound or chronic wound healing; open wounds with exposed bone, nerve, or tendon; and orthopaedic implants and related infection in the orthopaedics field. Even though it has shown positive efficacy in treating infection (wound infection or orthopaedic implant infection), its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear and require further exploration. Since NPWT is widely used in the clinical setting, a comprehensive understanding of its biological effect will assist in appropriate clinical application. This review summarises the biological effect of NPWT on bacteria and cell growth as well as the possible mechanisms associated with NPWT applied in wound healing. We also highlight novel antibacterial dressings for NPWT. PubMed, and Web of Science database searches were conducted. Several search terms were used including negative pressure wound therapy, bacterial growth, growth factor, wound healing, dressing. All databases were searched from inception to 2015, references that lacked original resarch were eliminated.

[Pathologic response and changes of serum VEGF during chemoradiotherapy may predict prognosis in non-surgical patients with esophageal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological response in the tumor tissue and the changes of serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in esophageal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy, in order to study the impacts of these two factors on the prognosis of patients. METHODS: One hundred pathologically confirmed esophageal cancer patients were treated with radiotherapy including 72 patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. After 4 weeks, gastroscopy was performed to collect tumor biopsies for examination of pathological changes. The responses to radiotherapy were classified into three degrees: mild, moderate and intensive. Moreover, serum samples were collected from the patients prior to, at the fourth week during radiotherapy, and one week after radiotherapy, and serum VEGF level was determined. The changes of serum VEGF were classified as increased, unchanged and decreased. Serum samples from 30 healthy subjects were collected and represented as VEGF healthy control. RESULTS: Among the eighty-nine patients evaluable, the 1- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 70.8% and 33.3%, respectively; 1-year and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 61.8% and 28.2%, respectively; and 1-year and 3-year local control (LC) rates were 76.9% and 50.0%, respectively. The 1-year OS rates in the patients with mild, moderate and intensive pathological responses were 50.0%, 76.9% and 78.0%, respectively. The 1-year OS rate in the mild response group was significantly lower than that in the intensive response group (P<0.05). The 1-year and 3-year PFS rates in the three groups were 36.4%, 73.1%, 68.3%, and 0.0%, 40.0% and 38.9%, respectively, showing that the rate in the mild response group was significantly lower than that in the moderate and intensive response groups (P<0.05 for both). The PFS rate in the mild response group was significantly lower than that in the moderate and intensive response groups(P<0.05 for both). Moreover, the 1-year local control (LC) rates in the three groups were 52.9%, 83.3% and 83.8%, and the three-year LC rates were 0.0%, 64.3% and 64.0%, respectively, showing that the lowest LC rates in the mild response group were significantly lower than that in the moderate and intensive response groups (P<0.05 for both). The average serum VEGF levels in the patients prior to, during and after radiotherapy were (109.6±33.7) ng/L, (101.2±24.3) ng/L and (99.5±22.9) ng/L, respectively, all significantly higher than that in the healthy subjects [(79.6±39.2) ng/L, P<0.05 for both]. The level of serum VEGF was decreased during and after radiotherapy compared with that before radiotherapy (F=6.124, P=0.004). The 1-year OS rates in the VEGF-increased, unchanged and decreased groups were 50.0%, 67.4% and 86.7%, respectively, and the 3-year OS rates in these three groups were 15.4%, 27.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The OS rates in the increased group were significantly lower than that in the VEGF-decreased group (P<0.05). Moreover, the 3-year PFS rates in the three groups were 7.7%, 21.6% and 46.4%, respectively, and the rate in the VEGF-increased group was significantly lower than that in the VEGF-decreased group (P<0.05). The multi-variate analysis showed that TNM stage, pathological response and serum VEGF were independent factors affecting the survival in the non-surgical patients with esophageal cancer (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor tissue pathological response and variation of serum VEGF level in response to chemoradiotherapy can be used to predict the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in non-surgical patients with esophageal cancer. Hence, monitoring the pathological response and VEGF changes during the course of therapy is of utmost importance to evaluate and perform an individualized therapy in clinical practice.

Tropisetron alleviate early post-operative pain after gynecological laparoscopy in sevoflurane based general anaesthesia: a randomized, parallel-group, factorial study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A (5-HT-3A) receptor antagonists may have analgesic effects. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial study tested the hypothesis that 5-HT-3A receptor antagonist tropisetron attenuates post-operative pain in women receiving either sevoflurane or propofol based anaesthesia. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-six women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopies were randomly assigned to be anaesthetized with either sevoflurane or propofol. Immediately after the induction of anaesthesia, the anaesthesiologist administered either tropisetron 2 mg or a placebo intravenously. Pain score at rest at 0.5 h post-operatively reported using a numerical rating scale was the primary outcome measure. The secondary outcome measures included pain score at rest every 2 h within the first 24 h post-operatively, duration of post-anaesthesia care unit stay, incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting, the incidence of shivering and score of the Quality of Recovery Score 40. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, tropisetron produced a statistically significant decrease on pain report within the first 6 h post-operatively in the sevoflurane-based anaesthesia group (3 [2, 4] vs. 5 [4, 5], p < 0.001 in 0.5 h; 2 [0, 4] vs. 3 [3, 5], p < 0.001 in 2 h; 2 [0, 3] vs. 3 [1, 4], p = 0.002 in 4 h; 1 [0, 3] vs. 2 [1, 4], p = 0.016 in 6 h), but not in the propofol-based group. CONCLUSIONS: A single-dose intravenous administration of tropisetron after anaesthesia induction is associated with statistically significant decreased early post-operative pain in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopies under sevoflurane based general anaesthesia.

Pulse generation without gain-bandwidth limitation in a laser with self-similar evolution.

With existing techniques for mode-locking, the bandwidth of ultrashort pulses from a laser is determined primarily by the spectrum of the gain medium. Lasers with self-similar evolution of the pulse in the gain medium can tolerate strong spectral breathing, which is stabilized by nonlinear attraction to the parabolic self-similar pulse. Here we show that this property can be exploited in a fiber laser to eliminate the gain-bandwidth limitation to the pulse duration. Broad (∼200 nm) spectra are generated through passive nonlinear propagation in a normal-dispersion laser, and these can be dechirped to ∼20-fs duration.

Effect of long-acting beta-agonists on the frequency of COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Inhaled long-acting beta-agonists have been licensed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) since the late 1990s, and they improve lung function and symptoms of dyspnoea. However, the evidence that long-acting beta-agonists alone can reduce the rate of COPD exacerbations is not conclusive. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate their effect on the frequency of exacerbations. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane trials database were searched for the review. Randomized controlled trials of greater than or equal to 24weeks' treatment duration comparing long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) with placebo were reviewed. Studies were pooled to yield odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Seventeen randomized controlled trials (11871 randomized subjects) met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Salmeterol, formoterol and indacaterol significantly reduced COPD exacerbations compared with placebo. Salmeterol significantly reduced COPD exacerbations with both study arms exposed or not exposed to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The summary ORs were 0·79 (95% CI: 0·67-0·92; P<0·01) and 0·80 (95% CI: 0·65-0·99; P=0·04), respectively. However, when both arms were not exposed to ICS, there was no significant reduction in exacerbations with formoterol compared with placebo. The 'summary OR was 0·93 (95% CI: 0·75-1·15; P=0·50). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Long-acting beta-agonists reduce the frequency of COPD exacerbations. Salmeterol, formoterol and indacaterol significantly reduced COPD exacerbations compared with placebo. Salmeterol but not formoterol decreased exacerbations significantly in the absence of ICS.

Obesity and cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported conflicting findings regarding the relation of body mass index (BMI) to outcomes following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). No study to date has directly examined the effect of obesity on cardiovascular thrombotic events after stent implantation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of obesity on cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents. METHODS: We studied 4972 patients between January 2004 and December 2006. Patients were divided into three groups according to body mass index: normal (BMI <24.9 kg/m(2), n = 1284), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2), n = 2475) and obese (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2), n = 1213). Median follow-up was 26 (interquartile range 20-33) months. RESULTS: Composite cardiovascular thrombotic events, including cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction, were significantly higher in obese patients (5.9%) than in normal (3.2%) and overweight (3.8%) patients (p = 0.001). The incidence of definite or probable stent thrombosis steadily increased with increasing body mass index (0.9% vs 1.0% vs 1.9% in normal, overweight and obese patients, respectively; p = 0.029). Multivariate analyses showed that obesity was an independent predictor of 3-year composite thrombotic events (hazard ratio 1.86; 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.75; p = 0.003) and definite or probable stent thrombosis (2.17; 1.04 to 4.55; p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Obese patients have a higher risk for long-term cardiovascular thrombotic events following PCI with drug-eluting stents than patients with normal weight.

[Induced expression of the variable region of AMA-1 from Plasmodium falciparum].

OBJECTIVE: To express the variable region of AMA-1 gene from Plasmodium falciparum in Escherichia coli. METHODS: Genomic DNA of FCC1/HN was used as template and the variable region of AMA-1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The PCR products were digested by endonuclease BamH I and Hind III, cloned into pBlu2KSP. The nucleotide sequences of the variable region of AMA-1 gene were determined by sequencing. The AMA-1 gene fragment was subcloned into plasmid pQE, expressed in E. coli and induced by IPTG. The fusion product as identified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Western blotting were proceeded with anti-AMA-1 sera from rabbit. RESULTS: The size of the variable region of AMA-1 gene from FCC1/HN was 506 bp and encoded 168 amino acids. On SDS-PAGE gel dyed with Coomassie brilliant blue R250, no specific protein band can be discerned, but Western blotting proceeded with anti-AMA-1 sera from rabbit demonstrated that the specific protein band was about 23.0 kDa. CONCLUSION: The variable region of AMA-1 gene from FCC1/HN was able to be expressed in E. coli and analysis of Western blotting demonstrated that the AMA-1 fussion protein contained specific antigenic epitopes.