Experimental study on the safety of photobiologic regulation therapy in the treatment of some non-epidermal tumors.

This study investigates the impact of Photobiomodulation (PBM) at different wavelengths on non-superficial cancer cells. Utilizing three laser protocols (650 nm, 810 nm, and 915 nm), the research explores cytotoxic effects, ROS generation, and cell migration. Results reveal varied responses across cell lines, with 810 nm PBM inducing significant ROS levels and inhibiting PAN-1 cell migration. The study suggests potential therapeutic applications for PBM in non-superficial cancers, emphasizing the need for further exploration in clinical settings.

Deep learning-based and BI-RADS guided radiomics model for automatic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes evaluation in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate an interpretable radiomics model consistent with clinical decision-making process and realize automatic prediction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) levels in breast cancer (BC) from ultrasound (US) images. METHODS: A total of 378 patients with invasive BC confirmed by pathological results were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Radiomics features were extracted guided by the BI-RADS lexicon from the regions of interest(ROIs) segmented with deep learning models. After features selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression, four machine learning classifiers were used to establish the radiomics signature(Rad-score). Then, the integrated model was developed on the basis of the best Rad-score incorporating the independent clinical factors for TILs levels prediction. RESULTS: Tumors were segmented using the deep learning models with accuracy of 97.2%, sensitivity of 93.4%, specificity of 98.1%, and the posterior areas were also obtained. Eighteen morphology and texture related features were extracted from the ROIs and fourteen features were selected to construct the Rad-score models. Combined with independent clinical characteristics, the integrated model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889(95% CI,0.739,0.990) in the validation cohort and outperformed the traditional radiomics model with AUC of 0.756(0.649-0862) depended on hundreds of feature items. CONCLUSIONS: This study established a promising model for TILs levels prediction with numerable interpretable features and showed great potential to help decision-making and clinical applications. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Imaging-based biomarkers has provides non-invasive ways for TILs levels evaluation in BC. Our model combining the BI-RADS guided radiomics features and clinical data outperformed the traditional radiomics approaches.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics of atypical-enhanced papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of CEUS in atypical-enhanced PTC. METHODS: The clinical data, qualitative and quantitative parameters of CEUS in 177 Iso/hyper-enhanced thyroid nodules with definite pathological results were retrospectively analyzed in the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from June 2019 to January 2021. And the clinical value of CEUS in the diagnosis of atypical-enhanced PTC was assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among the 177 thyroid nodules, 59 were benign and 118 were PTC. There were significant differences in age, enhancement border, ring enhancement, speed of wash in, speed of wash out, enhancement pattern, capsule interruption, time to peak, time to wash out, RT, TPH, and TTP (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed unclear enhancement border and concentric enhancement were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of atypical-enhanced PTC by CEUS. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the model in diagnosing atypical-enhanced PTC were 88.1%, 71.2%, 86.0%, 75.0%, and 82.5%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.910. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of atypical-enhanced PTC can be better performed by enhancement characteristics and time intensity curve (TIC) of CEUS, which have a good clinical application value.

Analysis of the prenatal ultrasound diagnostic value and prognostic factors of fetal mediastinal cysts.

Background: A prenatal fetal mediastinal cyst is a benign disease. However, if a cyst enlargement grows, it may compress the adjacent organs and affect the fetal cardiopulmonary function. This study aimed to compare and analyze the prenatal ultrasound characteristics of different mediastinal cysts, and to evaluate the pregnancy outcome of the fetus and the factors affecting the prognostic of the fetus. To compare and analyze the prenatal ultrasound characteristics of different types of mediastinal cysts, and to evaluate the fetal pregnancy outcome and the influencing factors of fetal prognosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with prenatal diagnoses of mediastinal cysts was conducted to evaluate the ultrasound characteristics and to monitor the pregnancy outcomes to identify prognostic influences and provide a reliable basis for patient prognosis. Results: In total, 30 patients were diagnosed with mediastinal cysts [including bronchogenic cysts (n=12), esophageal cysts (n=9), pericardial cysts (n=5), and thymic cysts (n=4)] on prenatal ultrasonography. The diagnostic accuracy rate was 93.33%; two cases of esophageal cysts were misdiagnosed as bronchial cysts. In total, 4 (44.44%) of 9 esophageal cysts and 4 thymic cysts were located in the anterior mediastinum, 10 (83.33%) of 12 bronchogenic cysts and 5 pericardial cysts were located in the middle mediastinum, and 2 (16.67%) of 12 bronchogenic cysts and 5 (55.56%) of 9 esophageal cysts were located in the posterior mediastinum. There were significant differences in the distribution of the cyst location, morphology, and cyst wall thickness (P<0.05). After delivery, 17 patients had clinical symptoms. There was a significant difference in the clinical symptoms between patients with a maximum diameter of postpartum cysts <5 and ≥5 cm (P<0.05), and children with a low gestational age and birth weight were more likely to have clinical symptoms. Conclusions: The prenatal ultrasound features of fetal mediastinal cysts were similar. However, the ultrasound characteristics related to the cyst location, morphology, and cyst wall thickness were helpful in providing an accurate diagnosis. In addition, the postpartum cyst size, location, adjacent relationship with the surrounding tissues, volume, gestational age, and weight were related to patient prognosis.

Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging for the evaluation of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of conventional US (ultrasound), SMI (superb microvascular imaging), and CEUS (contrast-enhanced ultrasound) features for the assessment of the activity of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Conventional US, CEUS and SMI features of 76 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups: active group (n = 57) and inactive group (n = 19), with endoscopic results as reference standard. Results in the active group and inactive group were compared using an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Cut-off values were determined using ROC analysis, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. US quantitative and TIC-based quantitative parameters were analyzed, and each patient was scored based on the parameters that are statistically significant and immediately available in the clinic to evaluate the diagnostic ability of conventional US, SMI, and CEUS features for active IBD patients. RESULTS: Qualitative parameters such as CEUS enhancement pattern I/II, LimbergIII/IV, and lost bowel stratification were reliable indicators of active patients. Quantitative parameters such as bowel thickness and VI of mSMI were reliable indicators of active patients. Patients scored based on these statistically significant parameters with a score ≥3, were highly suspected to be active patients. For TIC-based quantitative parameters, PE, WiAUC, WoAUC, WiWoAUC, WiR, WiPI, and WoR were statistically significant in the differentiation of active IBD from inactive IBD. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional US, SMI, and CEUS features may help in the differentiation of active IBD from inactive IBD and have potential application value in the choice of treatment options.

Ultralow Strain-Induced Emergent Polarization Structures in a Flexible Freestanding BaTiO3 Membrane.

The engineering of ferroic orders, which involves the evolution of atomic structure and local ferroic configuration in the development of next-generation electronic devices. Until now, diverse polarization structures and topological domains are obtained in ferroelectric thin films or heterostructures, and the polarization switching and subsequent domain nucleation are found to be more conducive to building energy-efficient and multifunctional polarization structures. In this work, a continuous and periodic strain in a flexible freestanding BaTiO3 membrane to achieve a zigzag morphology is introduced. The polar head/tail boundaries and vortex/anti-vortex domains are constructed by a compressive strain as low as ≈0.5%, which is extremely lower than that used in epitaxial rigid ferroelectrics. Overall, this study c efficient polarization structures, which is of both theoretical value and practical significance for the development of next-generation flexible multifunctional devices.

Effects of aspirin on colon cancer using quantitative proteomic analysis.

Background: Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent digestive cancers worldwide. Results of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies suggest that aspirin inhibits the development of colon cancer. This study aimed to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which aspirin prevents colon carcinogenesis. Methods: We determined the global protein expression profiles of colorectal cancer and aspirin-treated cells using quantitative proteomic analysis. We analyzed the proteomic results using bioinformatics (including differential proteins, protein annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG] pathways, and protein-protein interaction [PPI] network). The viability of the colon cancer cell line and HT29 â€‹cells treated with aspirin was determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The differentially expressed proteins, such as p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. We measured cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in HT29 â€‹cells exposed to aspirin using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Results: We found that 552 proteins were significantly dysregulated, of which 208 and 334 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in colon cancer cells exposed to 10 â€‹mmol/L of aspirin (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.269 to -0.106, P â€‹< â€‹0.05). Further gene enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle-related proteins, such as p53 and CDK1, were significantly differentially expressed. Proteomic analysis showed that after 24 â€‹h of aspirin exposure, the level of p53 increased by 2.52-fold and CDK1 was downregulated to half that of the controls in HT29 â€‹cells (95% CI: -0.619 to -0.364, P â€‹< â€‹0.05). Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that p53 was upregulated (95%CI: -3.088 to -1.912, P â€‹< â€‹0.001) and CDK1 was significantly downregulated after aspirin exposure in colon cancer cells (95% CI: 0.576 to 1.045, P â€‹< â€‹0.05). We observed that aspirin promoted G1/S cell cycle arrest in HT29 â€‹cells. We confirmed that aspirin induces apoptosis in human HT29 colon cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: These results indicate that aspirin induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via the p53-CDK1 pathway. Aspirin may be a promising drug candidate for colon cancer prevention.

Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Congenital Enterocolitis Fistula: A Case Report.

Background: Congenital enterocolic fistula, an abnormal connection between the small intestine and the colon, is a rare condition with the potential for significant complications affecting the patient's quality of life. Case Report: A 2 year and 7 months old girl presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea lasting more than 10 days. The formation of the intestinal fistula was first detected by ultrasound, and the blood flow in the intestinal wall was preliminally analyzed. Surgical exploration revealed a colonic fistula formed by the attachment of the jejunum to the descending colon. Postoperatively, symptoms improved; no secondary infection occurred and the fistula healed well. Conclusion: Congenital colon fistula is rarely reported, and ultrasound is becoming more and more important in its diagnosis. Here, we report a case of congenital colonic fistula diagnosed by ultrasound. Ultrasound can dynamically and in real-time observe the intestinal condition, which is conducive to the early diagnosis and staging of congenital intestinal diseases and the determination of diagnosis and treatment schemes.

Impact of the pulmonary ventilation function on the prognosis of suspected asthma patients: a retrospective observational study.

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory diseases, and the relationship between pulmonary ventilation function and the prognosis of patients with suspected asthma is not well understood. This study aims to explore the impact of pulmonary ventilation functions on the prognosis of patients with suspected asthma. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients with suspected asthma who were diagnosed and treated at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 2015 and January 2020. The primary outcome of interest was improvement in asthma symptoms, as measured by bronchial provocation test (BPT) results within one year after diagnosis. The impact of pulmonary ventilation functions on prognosis was explored by multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included in the study. Patients with normal (OR = 0.123, p = .004) or generally normal (OR = 0.075, p = .039) pulmonary ventilation function were more likely to achieve improvement in asthma symptoms compared with patients with mild obstruction. There were no significant differences between the improvement and non-improvement groups in baseline characteristics. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that suspected asthma patients with normal or generally normal pulmonary ventilation function are more likely to achieve improvement in asthma symptoms within one year compared to patients with mild obstruction.

Fallopian Tube Leiomyoma Presenting as a Huge Abdominopelvic Cystic Mass: A Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Fallopian tube leiomyoma is an uncommon, benign gynecologic tumor that originates from the smooth muscle of the fallopian tube or vascular cells supplying the fallopian tube. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we report a case of a patient with fallopian tube leiomyoma. What makes this instance even more unique is the association of the leiomyoma with cystic degeneration, manifesting as a large abdominopelvic cystic mass. CT scan suspected that the mass might be an ovarian cystadenoma. However, ultrasonography, a widely used diagnostic tool, effectively assisted the clinicians in confidently ruling out the possibility that the tumor was originating from the ovaries. Ultimately, the patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy and the pathologic diagnosis was fallopian tube leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. To our knowledge, no instance of a fallopian tube leiomyoma of this size with cystic degeneration has been reported. Thus, it is worth mentioning. CONCLUSION: In summary, fallopian tube leiomyomas are classified as uncommon benign gynecologic tumors, which pose challenges in clinical diagnosis. The combined use of multiple imaging modalities may be more helpful in the proper diagnosis of this disease entity.

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the activity of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the disease activity of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRPF). METHODS: This retrospective study included 148 CEUS examinations from 63 patients with IRPF treated in our hospital from April 2016 to September 2021. They were divided into two groups: IRPF active group (69 examinations) and inactive group (79 examinations). Uni- and multivariable analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for IRPF activity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to establish different diagnostic models to evaluate the diagnostic value of IRPF activity. The z test was used to compare the differences of the area under the curves (AUCs). The value of CEUS in evaluating the variation of disease activity over time was also investigated between repeat patient studies. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed the thickness [odds ratio (OR) = 14.125, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.017-66.123] was the most significant independent risk factor for IRPF activity (P < 0.01). The best diagnostic model was model 3, which was established by CEUS score combined with thickness. The AUC was 0.944 (95%CI = 0.912-0.977), and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.86% and 86.08%, respectively. The diagnostic performance was not significantly improved after combining clinical symptom (back pain) and laboratory indicators [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Compared with before treatment, the CEUS score and thickness were significantly decreased after treatment (x2 = 14.580, P < 0.001 and z = 4.708, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: CEUS has good diagnostic value for IRPF disease activity. Key points • Thickness and contrast-enhanced ultrasound score were significantly higher in the active group than those in inactive group (P < 0.001). • With thickness of 4 mm and contrast-enhanced ultrasound 2 score as optimal cut-off values, the sensitivity and specificity were 89.86%, 81.01% and 52.17%, 100.00%, respectively. • During follow-up, when the disease progressed, the change of CEUS score was earlier than the change of thickness.

Quality assessment of radiomics models in carotid plaque: a systematic review.

Background: Although imaging techniques provide information about the morphology and stability of carotid plaque, they are operator dependent and may miss certain subtleties. A variety of radiomics models for carotid plaque have recently been proposed for identifying vulnerable plaques and predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this review was to assess the risk of bias, reporting, and methodological quality of radiomics models for carotid atherosclerosis plaques. Methods: A systematic search was carried out to identify available literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2023. Studies that developed and/or validated machine learning models based on radiomics data to identify and/or predict unfavorable cerebral and cardiovascular events in carotid plaque were included. The basic information of each piece of included literature was identified, and the reporting quality, risk of bias, and radiomics methodology quality were assessed according the TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis) checklist, the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST), and the radiomics quality score (RQS), respectively. Results: A total of 2,738 patients from 19 studies were included. The mean overall TRIPOD adherence rate was 66.1% (standard deviation 12.8%), with a range of 45-87%. All studies had a high overall risk of bias, with the analysis domain being the most common source of bias. The mean RQS was 9.89 (standard deviation 5.70), accounting for 27.4% of the possible maximum value of 36. The mean area under the curve for diagnostic or predictive properties of these included radiomics models was 0.876±0.09, with a range of 0.741-0.989. Conclusions: Radiomics models may have value in the assessment of carotid plaque, the overall scientific validity and reporting quality of current carotid plaque radiomics reports are still lacking, and many barriers must be overcome before these models can be applied in clinical practice.

The value of Demetics ultrasound-assisted diagnosis system in diagnosis of breast lesions and in assessment Ki-67 status of breast cancer.

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the diagnostic efficiency of the Demetics for breast lesions and assessment of Ki-67 status. MATERIAL: This retrospective study included 291 patients. Three combined methods (method 1: upgraded BI-RADS when Demetics classified the breast lesion as malignant; method 2: downgraded BI-RADS when Demetics classified the breast lesion as benign; method 3: BI-RADS was upgraded or downgraded according to Demetrics' diagnosis) were used to compare the diagnostic efficiency of two radiologists with different seniority before and after using Demetics. The correlation between the visual heatmap by Demetics and the Ki-67 expression level of breast cancer was explored. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) of diagnosis by Demetics, junior radiologist and senior radiologist were 89.5%, 83.1%, 0.863; 76.9%, 82.4%, 0.797 and 81.1%, 89.9%, 0.855, respectively. Method 1 was the best for senior radiologist, which increased AUC from 0.855 to 0.884. For junior radiologist, Method 3 was the best method, improving sensitivity (88.8% vs. 76.9%) and specificity (87.2% vs. 82.4%). Demetics paid more attention to the peripheral area of breast cancer with high expression of Ki-67. CONCLUSION: Demetics has shown good diagnostic efficiency in the assisted diagnosis of breast lesions and is expected to further distinguish Ki-67 status of breast cancer.

Predictive value for axillary lymph node metastases in early breast cancer: Based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics of the primary lesion and sentinel lymph node.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics based on primary lesion combined with lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (LCEUS) patterns of SLN in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) with T1-2N0 breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 118 patients with clinically confirmed T1-2N0 breast cancer. Conventional ultrasound (CUS) and CEUS characteristics of the primary lesion and enhancement patterns of SLN were recorded. The risk factors associated with ALNM were selected by univariate and binary logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for the evaluation of predictive ALNM metastasis performance. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that age, HER-2 status, tumor size, nutrient vessels, extended range of enhancement lesion, and the enhancement patterns of SLN were significant predictive features of ALNM. Further binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the extended range of enhancement lesion (p <  0.001) and the enhancement patterns of SLN (p <  0.001) were independent risk factors for ALNM. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of the combination of these two indicators for predicting ALNM was 0.931 (95% CI: 0.887-0.976, sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 99.8%). CONCLUSION: The CEUS characteristics of primary lesion combined with enhancement patterns of SLN are highly valuable in predicting ALNM and can guide clinical axillary surgery decision-making in early breast cancer.

The Value of Percutaneous Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Sentinel Lymph Node Identification, Metastatic Status and Burden Diagnosis in Early Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of percutaneous contrast-enhanced ultrasound (PCEUS) in the identification and characterization of sentinel lymph node (SLN). METHODS: A total of 102 breast cancer patients were collected and underwent preoperative PCEUS, which was used to identify SLN and lymphatic drainage. SLNs were classified into 4 enhancement patterns, including 6 subtypes: homogeneous (I), featured inhomogeneous (II) including inhomogeneous hypoenhancement (IIa) and annular or semi-annular enhancement (IIb), focal filling defect (III) including filling defect area < 50% (IIIa) and filling defect area ≥ 50% (IIIb), and no enhancement (IV). The enhancement patterns of SLNs were compared with the final pathological diagnosis. RESULTS: The identification rate of SLNs using PCEUS was 100% (102/102); the rate of identification of LCs was 100% (102/102), and the coincidence rate was 98.0% (100/102). Four lymphatic drainage patterns (LDPs) including 5 subtypes were found: single LC/single SLN(74.5%), multiple LCs/ single SLN (13.7%) including 2 subtypes:2 LCs/1 SLN and 3 LCs/1 SLN, single LC/multiple SLNs (7.8%), and multiple LCs/multiple SLNs (3.9%). A total of 86.3% (44/51) of patients without axillary metastasis could be safely selected for types I, IIa, and IIb, while the axillary metastasis rates of types III and IV were 74.4% and 87.5%, respectively (P < .001). Compared with grayscale US, the PCEUS significant improvement in diagnosing metastatic SLNs (.794 versus .579, P < .001). For the SLN metastatic burden, Types I, IIa, IIb, and IIIa had ≤2 SLNs metastases, with a pathological coincidence rate of (64/67, 95.5%), and types IIIb and IV had >2 SLNs metastases, with a pathological coincidence rate of (25/35, 71.4%) (P < .001). The AUC of PCEUS for the diagnosis of SLN metastatic status and burden was .794 and .879, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSION: PCEUS has a high identification rate for SLN and has good potential for diagnosing SLN metastatic status and burden by enhancement patterns.

Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus Syndrome with Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by megalencephaly (i.e., overgrowth of the brain), polymicrogyria, focal hypoplasia of the cerebral cortex, and polydactyly. Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) involves a spectrum of congenital ocular abnormalities that are characterized by the presence of a vascular membrane behind the lens. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a case of foetal MPPH with PHPV that was diagnosed using prenatal ultrasound. Ultrasound revealed the presence of megalencephaly, multiple cerebellar gyri, and hydrocephalus. Whole-exome sequencing confirmed the mutation of the AKT3 gene, which led to the consideration of MPPH syndrome. Moreover, an echogenic band with an irregular surface was observed between the lens and the posterior wall of the left eye; therefore, MPPH with PHPV was suspected. CONCLUSION: MPPH syndrome with PHPV can be diagnosed prenatally.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: CEUS characteristics are correlated with pathological findings and help predict early recurrence after resection.

OBJECTIVES: To identify characteristics of preoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) that could predict early recurrence after curative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS: From January 2017 to September 2022, a total of 110 patients with PDAC (all confirmed by samples obtained via operation) who underwent CEUS within 1 month before surgery were enrolled. We proposed five CEUS enhancement patterns (Pattern I, homogeneous enhancement; Pattern II, heterogeneous enhancement without cystic components; pattern III, ring enhancement; Pattern IV, starry enhancement; Pattern V, heterogeneous enhancement with cystic components) of PDAC. Clinical-pathologic and CEUS characteristics for predicting early recurrence (recurrence within 1 year after curative resection) were analyzed. Important CEUS characteristics were compared with the pathological findings. RESULTS: Tumor size and TNM stage were closely associated with early recurrence. Incomplete-enhancement and enhancement pattern III, IV and V at CEUS imaging were more prone to early recurrence. Incomplete-enhancement lesions had higher histological tumor grades, less frequent remaining acini, and more frequent necrosis within the tumor. PDACs with pattern I and II had lower histological tumor grades, and pattern III, IV and V had higher histological tumor grades. PDACs with pattern I, II and IV had less frequent intratumoral necrosis than PDACs with pattern III and V, and PDACs with pattern IV had lower MVD values. CONCLUSIONS: PDACs with incomplete enhancement and enhancement pattern III, IV and V were more prone to early recurrence after attempted curative resection, and these important CEUS characteristics were closely related to the pathological findings of PDAC.

A platform for whole-genome speed introgression from Aegilops tauschii to wheat for breeding future crops.

Breeding new and sustainable crop cultivars of high yields and desirable traits has been a major challenge for ensuring food security for the growing global human population. For polyploid crops such as wheat, introducing genetic variation from wild relatives of its subgenomes is a key strategy to improve the quality of their breeding pools. Over the past decades, considerable progress has been made in speed breeding, genome sequencing, high-throughput phenotyping and genomics-assisted breeding, which now allows us to realize whole-genome introgression from wild relatives to modern crops. Here, we present a standardized protocol to rapidly introgress the entire genome of Aegilops tauschii, the progenitor of the D subgenome of bread wheat, into elite wheat backgrounds. This protocol integrates multiple modern high-throughput technologies and includes three major phases: development of synthetic octaploid wheat, generation of hexaploid A. tauschii-wheat introgression lines (A-WIs) and homozygosis of the generated A-WIs. Our approach readily generates stable introgression lines in 2 y, thus greatly accelerating the generation of A-WIs and the introduction of desirable genes from A. tauschii to wheat cultivars. These A-WIs are valuable for wheat-breeding programs and functional gene discovery. The current protocol can be easily modified and used for introgressing the genomes of wild relatives to other polyploid crops.