The indirect impact of control measures in COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of other infectious diseases in China.

Objectives: During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, China, some public health measures of forced lockdown, closure of school and public meeting places, staying at home, transportation stop, masks wearing, hands washing, environmental disinfection were taken on to control epidemic transmission, these measures have made indirect affect on the other infectious diseases incidence. Study design: During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we retrospectively analyzed and compared reported cases of other infectious diseases,in order to found what impact of measures in controlling COVID-19 pandemic on the other infectious diseases in China. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and compared reported cases of measles, pertussis, scarlet fever, seasonal influenza, mumps, HFMD each month in 2018, 2019 and 2020 from the National Health Commission, PRC. Results: Cases of measles, pertussis, scarlet fever, seasonal influenza, mumps and HFMD in January 2020 were not declined, or even increased compare to 2018 and 2019, but from February to December 2020, began to drop significantly compare with the cases of 2018 and 2019. However, seasonal influenza cases in 2020 were more than in 2018. Conclusion: It shown that how important scientific measures are taken to cut off COVID-19 pandemic transmission, However, these taken measures have led to indirect impact on the diffusion of other infectious diseases, led to measles, pertussis, scarlet fever, seasonal influenza, mumps, HFMD declined.

EV71 vaccination impact on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease.

In order to analyze the effect of EV71 vaccination on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with HFMD, 292 cases were vaccinated, and 2,486 cases were not vaccinated which were collected in 2018 and 2019. It shows that the incidence rate of encephalitis in vaccinated patients was significantly lower than that in non-vaccinated (P = .028), which suggests that EV71 vaccine has a protective effect on the occurrence of encephalitis. But some EV71 vaccinated patients still developed into encephalitis showed that they had not produced protection or protection was weak against EV71-related encephalitis; the reasons require further investigation.

CXCL1 Regulated by miR-302e Is Involved in Cell Viability and Motility of Colorectal Cancer via Inhibiting JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.

PURPOSE: This study made a systemic description for the CXCL1-dependent regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Bioinformatics methods were applied to obtain target mRNA CXCL1 and corresponding upstream miRNA. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the levels of CXCL1 and miR-302e in CRC tissue and cells. Experiments including CCK-8, wound healing assay, Transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to assess cell biological behaviors. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out for verification of the targeting relationship between CXCL1 and miR-302e. The inhibitor AG490 of JAK-STAT signaling pathway was used to identify the functional mechanism of CXCL1/JAK-STAT underlying progression of CRC, and tumor xenograft experiments were performed for further validation. RESULTS: CXCL1 was highly expressed in CRC tissue and cells, while miR-302e was poorly expressed. Silencing CXCL1 or overexpressing miR-302e could lead to inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, invasion but promotion of cell apoptosis of CRC. Besides, CXCL1 was identified as a direct target of miR-302e, and CXCL1 could reverse the effect of miR-302e on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Furthermore, CXCL1 functioned on CRC cell biological behaviors via activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: CXCL1 could be regulated by miR-302e to inactivate JAK-STAT signaling pathway, in turn affecting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of CRC. Our result provides a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.

Antibiotic resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in pediatrics: A multicenter retrospective study in mainland China.

Emergent resistance to antibiotics among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates is a severe problem worldwide. Antibiotic resistance profiles for S pneumoniae isolates identified from pediatric patients in mainland China remains to be established.The clinical features, antimicrobial resistance, and multidrug resistance patterns of S pneumoniae were retrospectively analyzed at 10 children's hospitals in mainland China in 2016.Among the collected 6132 S pneumoniae isolates, pneumococcal diseases mainly occurred in children younger than 5 years old (85.1%). The resistance rate of S pneumoniae to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 95.8%, 95.2%, 93.6%, and 66.7%, respectively. The resistance rates of S pneumoniae to penicillin were 86.9% and 1.4% in non-meningitis and meningitis isolates, while the proportions of ceftriaxone resistance were 8.2% and 18.1%, respectively. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was administered to only 4.1% of patients. Penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance, underling diseases, antibiotic resistant risk factors, and poor prognosis appeared more frequently in invasive pneumococcal diseases. The incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 46.1% in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease which was more than in patients with non-invasive pneumococcal disease (18.3%). Patients with invasive pneumococcal disease usually have several MDR coexistence.S pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to common antibiotics in mainland China. Penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance rate of invasive streptococcal pneumonia patients were significantly higher than that of non-invasive S pneumoniae patients. Alarmingly, 46.1% of invasive clinical isolates were multidrug resistant, so it is important to continued monitor the resistance of S pneumoniae when protein conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is coming in mainland China.

Association of Enterovirus 71 encephalitis with the interleukin-8 gene region in Chinese children.

The study was performed in 36 Chinese patients with Enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis and 141 patients with EV71-related hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) without encephalitis. Genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism. Patients with EV71 encephalitis had a significantly higher frequency of interleukin-8 (IL-8)-251TT genotype than patients with EV71-related HFMD without encephalitis (55.6% vs 31.2%, p = 0.023). The frequency of IL-8-251T alleles was significantly higher among patients with EV71 encephalitis than in patients with EV71-related HFMD without encephalitis (72.2% vs 58.9%, odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.0-3.2, p = 0.038). There were significant differences in gender, age, fever days, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and blood glucose concentration and IL-8 levels among genotypes of IL-8-251A/T in EV71-infected patients, but no significant differences in alanine or aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-myocardial isozyme and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with EV71 encephalitis. These findings suggest that the IL-8-251T allele is associated with susceptibility to EV71 encephalitis in Chinese patients.