[Etymology of the meninges names in the work «Onomatologia anatomica¼ by Josef Hyrtl]. / Etimologiya naimenovanii obolochek golovnogo mozga v trude Iozefa Girtlya «Onomatologia anatomica¼.

The article represents the translation of chapters of the scientific work «Onomatologia anatomica¼ (1880) by the Austrian anatomist Josef Hyrtl devoted to terminology in the anatomy of the meninges, namely arachnoidea, pia mater, dura mater, meninx.

[Etymology of terms in anatomy of central nervous system]. / Etimologiya terminov v anatomii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

We consider the origin of neuroanatomical terms and their formation as such in the history of medicine. Along with the terms originating from common Indo-European roots and reflecting the typical process of metaphorization of trivial objects and phenomena, in this sphere we find semantic calques (one of the types of borrowing) and formations originating from late Latin. The prevailing simple metaphor testifies to the early origin of most terminological units.

[The history of the discovery of Gasserian ganglion]. / K voprosu ob istorii otkrytiia gasserova uzla.

The article presents in detail the history of the discovery of the trigeminal ganglion in the context to name it Gasserian ganglion. The historical, formal and logical methods of research, along with system analysis were used in the work. An in-depth research of little-known literature sources, which included scientific, publicistic and fiction components, was conducted. The authors for the first time translated into Russian the IV Chapter of Antonius Hirsch's dissertation 'Paris quinti nervorum encephali disquisition anatomica'. This researcher presented the anatomical views of the leading scientists of the time, and their own data on the mechanical properties, features of the topography and preparation of the trigeminal ganglion. The analysis of the literature allowed clearly following the chronology of the discovery of Gasserian ganglion, highlighting the most significant facts of the biography of scientists and recreating the history of anatomy in this area.

[Discoveries of Giulio Cesare Aranzi]. / Otkrytiia Dzhulio Chezare Arantsi.

The article provides a Russian translation of the 19th chapter of the work of Italian anatomist and surgeon Giulio Cesare Aranzi (Julius Caesar Arantius, 1530-1589) 'Observationes anatomicae', which describes his discoveries in the anatomy of the organ of vision: detection of m. levator palpebrae superioris and disproving of the then prevailing statement concerning the origin of external muscles of the eye from the dura mater. The article also gives a brief biography.

[The history of discovery of bulbourethral glands].

The article outlines the chronology of the discovery of the bulbourethral glands. Their first image appeared in 1600 in a collection of anatomical tables by Italian anatomist Hieronymus Fabricius of Acquapendente. In the scientific literature, they were first mentioned in one of the editions of "Journal des scavans" in 1684 as discovered by the French surgeon Jean Mry. The first detailed description of the structure, topography and function of these glands was presented in the work of English physician and anatomist William Cowper in 1699.

Within and between species competition in a seabird community: statistical exploration and modeling of time-series data.

In a changing environment, the maintenance of communities is subject to many constraints (phenology, resources, climate, etc.). One such constraint is the relationship between conspecifics and competitors. In mixed colonies, seabirds may have to cope with interspecific and intraspecific competition for both space and food resources. We applied competitive interaction models to data on three seabird breeding populations: black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), common guillemot (Uria aalge) and Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia) collected over 27-years at Kharlov Island in the Barents Sea. We found a competitive effect only for the kittiwake breeding population size on the common guillemot breeding population size when kittiwakes were abundant. The timing of kittiwake breeding negatively affected the number of breeding Brünnich's guillemots. The timing of breeding was negatively correlated to biomass of the main pelagic fish in the Barents Sea, the capelin (Mallotus villosus), which suggests an indirect action. The community matrix shows that the community was not stable. The kittiwake population did not decrease as seen in north Norwegian populations. Likewise, the common guillemot population, after a crash in 1985, was recovering at Kharlov while Norwegian populations were decreasing. Only the Brünnich's guillemot showed a decrease at Kharlov until 1999. We suggest that the stability of the kittiwake and common guillemot populations at Kharlov is due to better feeding conditions than in colonies of the Norwegian coast, linked to a possible eastward shift of the capelin population with the temperature increase of the Barents Sea.

[Clinical characterization of children with juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femur head]. / Klinicheskaia kharakteristika detei s iunosheskim epifizeolizom golovki bedrennoi kosti.

Over the last 10 years a total of 30 children with juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femur head were under treatment at the clinic of Child Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Odessa Medical University. In the majority of patients (n = 27) the process ran a chronic course presenting with progressive clinical picture, three patients developed an acute course. The analysis of clinical symptoms was done according to stages and degrees of the pathological process.

[The use of the CO2 laser in the combined treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children]. / Ispol'zovanie CO2-lazera v komplekse lecheniia khronicheskogo osteomielita u detei.

The results of performance of sanation according to the conventional technique and with the use of CO2-laser in chronic osteomyelitis in 73 children have been analysed. Use of the CO2-laser contributed to improvement of quality of sanation, increase in incidence of an operative wound healing by first intention, reduction in duration of hospital treatment of a patient, improvement of the long-term results.

[Thermal effect existing in the action of carbon dioxide laser on the bone tissue]. / Termicheskii éffekt, voznikaiushchii pri vozdeistvii uglekislotnogo lazera na kostnuiu tkan'.

In the experiments in vitro we have studied the influence of carbon dioxide laser radiation on bone tissues of man. We have found out the range and thermal effect dependence on the density of laser energy, the character and thickness of radiated tissues. We have determined the dynamics of temperatures at any time. The received results give us the possibility to differentiate the optimum regimen of radiation.

[Comparative evaluation of the results of conservative surgery for benign tumors and tumor-like bone lesions in children]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka rezul'tatov sokhrannykh operatsii pri dobrokachestvennykh opukholiakh i opukholepodobnykh porazheniiakh kostei u detei.

The results of sparing operations of 576 children with benign tumors and tumor-like bone affections have been analysed. There have been revealed the advantages of the complex method of treatment, envisaging the sparing approach to the damaged segment, thermal treatment of the residual osseous walls by means of CO2--laser and recipient-like plasty of the operational defect (UV--irradiated autologous bone marrow+allomaterial): absence of recurrencies, complete restoration of the bone structure in 9-12 months after the operation.

[The thermosurgical treatment of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the bones in children]. / Termokhirurgicheskoe lechenie dobrokachestvennykh opukholei i opukholepodobnykh porazhenii kostei u detei.

The method of sparing thermosurgical treatment has been developed and applied at 91 patients with benign tumors and tumor-like skeleton affections which provides for sparing approach to the affected segment and envisages CO2 laser treatment of residual osseous walls. The results have been traced for 5 postoperative years. There was no pathologic process recurrence observed.

[Use of UV-irradiated autospongiosa in osseo-plastic operations in children]. / Ispol'zovanie UF-obluchennoi autospongiozy pri kostno-plasticheskikh operatsiiakh u detei.

The stimulating influence of the integral UV-radiation upon the reparative osteogenesis was found in an experiment on animals and with bone marrow cells-precursors of man. The UV-irradiation of autospongiosa was used in combined osseoplastic procedures in 23 children with benign tumors, tumor-like injuries and defects of bones which allowed to achieve the recovery of the bone structure 9-12 months after operation, to shorten the hospital period and terms of rehabilitation of the patients.

[Use of UV-irradiated autologous bone marrow in the treatment of bone defects in children]. / Ispol'zovanie UF-obluchennogo autologichnogo kostnogo mozga pri lechenii defektov kostei u detei.

On the basis of experimental researches has been revealed dose-dependent influence of integral UV-irradiation on osteogenic potential of stromal cells--precursors of bone marrow and determined osteogenesis--stimulating dose (300 J/m2). The technique of photomodified bone marrow application for treatment of osseous defects in children has been worked out. Clinical approval (36 observations) has demonstrated high efficiency of the proposed version of osteoplasty: acceleration of reparative processes, reduction of normal osseous structure restoration terms.

[Use of Co2-laser in the treatment of bone tumors in children]. / Ispol'zovanie Co2-lazera pri lechenii opukholei kostei u detei.

By means of the recognized methods, 229 children with benign tumors and tumor-like dysplasia of the skeleton were treated. In 59 patients, the CO2-laser scanning of the residual osteal bed was used. This permitted to reduce considerably the volume of surgical intervention, and provide its radicality.

[Early decompression of an osteomyelitic focus in children]. / O rannei dekompressii osteomieliticheskogo ochaga u detei.

Having carried out experimental and morphologic studies of the properties of metaepiphyseal cartilage the authors determined a correlation between its morphfunctional maturity and the age of the child and proposed a conceptual model of metaepiphyseal osteomyelitis in children of an early age which was based on the thesis of the degree of maturity of the growth plate. With the aim of preventing an injury to the growth area and to the epiphysis as well as the orthopaedic consequences the authors carry on early decompression of the focus of inflammation in the metaphysis. The results of treatment of 28 patients are presented.

[Surgical debridement of bone cavities in the complex treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children]. / Khirurgicheskaia obrabotka kostnykh polostei v kompleksnom lechenii khronicheskogo osteomielita u detei.

The authors propose fulfilling radical necrectomy in chronic osteomyelitis with special instruments which is responsible for sparing character of the surgery. The sparing tactics in radical necrectomy was used in 173 patients. The method described when combined with autoplasty of osseous cavities by the prepared spongiosis with the bone marrow after radical sanitation resulted in recovery of 96.5% of the patients.