Effects of hepatitis B virus infection on the treatment outcomes following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: An analysis of 21,999 first embryo transfer cycles.

To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the outcomes of Chinese couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the clinical data of their neonates. A total of 21,999 first embryo transfer cycles were included. They were categorized into four groups based on the couple's hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) result (Group A = female HBsAg- and male HBsAg- ; Group B = female HBsAg+ and male HBsAg- ; Group C = female HBsAg- and male HBsAg+ ; Group D = female HBsAg+ and male HBsAg+ ). The fertilization rate (FR), cleavage rate (CR), implantation rate (IPR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR) and miscarriage rate (MCR) were analysed. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association. The total prevalence of HBV infection was 5.74% (2526/43998). There were no statistically significant differences in CRs (98.69%, 98.76%, 98.66%, 98.72%, p > .05), IPRs (45.86%, 47.33%, 45.19%, 39.61%, p > .05), CPRs (62.84%, 65.05%, 61.80%, 56.81%, p > .05), MCRs (12.70%, 11.99%, 12.58%, 4%, p > .05) and LBRs (53.43%, 55.38%, 52.70%, 54.54%, p > .05) among the four groups. However, there were significant differences in FRs (66.25%, 66.55%, 66.32%, 61.92%, p < .05). Group D had the lowest FR. After adjusting for confounders, the multilevel logistic regression showed that HBsAg+ had no impact on the LBR, CPR or MCR. We also analysed the data of 14,465 newborns, including 8593 singletons and 2936 twins. Among the four groups, no variables reached statistical significance, including neonatal birth weight (NBW), twin ratio, gestational age, premature birth, delivery type, fetal macrosomia or low birth weight (p > .05). Our study demonstrates that, although biparental HBV infection may affect the FR, neither single-parent infection nor biparental HBV infection affects IVF/ICSI outcomes or neonatal outcomes.

Generation of a human haploid neural stem cell line for genome-wide genetic screening.

BACKGROUND: Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been established in many species. Differentiated haploid cell line types in mammals are lacking due to spontaneous diploidization during differentiation that compromises lineage-specific screens. AIM: To derive human haploid neural stem cells (haNSCs) to carry out lineage-specific screens. METHODS: Human haNSCs were differentiated from human extended haESCs with the help of Y27632 (ROCK signaling pathway inhibitor) and a series of cytokines to reduce diploidization. Neuronal differentiation of haNSCs was performed to examine their neural differentiation potency. Global gene expression analysis was con-ducted to compare haNSCs with diploid NSCs and haESCs. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was performed to assess the diploidization rate of extended haESCs and haNSCs. Genetic manipulation and screening were utilized to evaluate the significance of human haNSCs as genetic screening tools. RESULTS: Human haESCs in extended pluripotent culture medium showed more compact and smaller colonies, a higher efficiency in neural differentiation, a higher cell survival ratio and higher stability in haploidy maintenance. These characteristics effectively facilitated the derivation of human haNSCs. These human haNSCs can be generated by differentiation and maintain haploidy and multipotency to neurons and glia in the long term in vitro. After PiggyBac transfection, there were multiple insertion sites in the human haNSCs' genome, and the insertion sites were evenly spread across all chromosomes. In addition, after the cells were treated with manganese, we were able to generate a list of manganese-induced toxicity genes, demonstrating their utility as genetic screening tools. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a generated human haploid somatic cell line with a complete genome, proliferative ability and neural differentiation potential that provides cell resources for recessive inheritance and drug targeted screening.

Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve improves anti-angiogenic drugs-derived oral mucosal wound healing impairment via upregulation of interleukin-10 / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Recent studies have suggested that long-term application of anti-angiogenic drugs may impair oral mucosal wound healing. This study investigated the effect of sunitinib on oral mucosal healing impairment in mice and the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve). A mouse hard palate mucosal defect model was used to investigate the influence of sunitinib and/or zoledronate on wound healing. The volume and density of the bone under the mucosal defect were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Inflammatory factors were detected by protein microarray analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The senescence and biological functions were tested in oral mucosal stem cells (OMSCs) treated with sunitinib. Ligated loop experiments were used to investigate the effect of oral B. breve. Neutralizing antibody for interleukin-10 (IL-10) was used to prove the critical role of IL-10 in the pro-healing process derived from B. breve. Results showed that sunitinib caused oral mucosal wound healing impairment in mice. In vitro, sunitinib induced cellular senescence in OMSCs and affected biological functions such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Oral administration of B. breve reduced oral mucosal inflammation and promoted wound healing via intestinal dendritic cells (DCs)-derived IL-10. IL-10 reversed cellular senescence caused by sunitinib in OMSCs, and IL-10 neutralizing antibody blocked the ameliorative effect of B. breve on oral mucosal wound healing under sunitinib treatment conditions. In conclusion, sunitinib induces cellular senescence in OMSCs and causes oral mucosal wound healing impairment and oral administration of B. breve could improve wound healing impairment via intestinal DCs-derived IL-10.

Synthesis and antidiabetic activity evaluation of benzopyrimidine derivatives / 中国药科大学学报

@#Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which mainly regulates glucose homeostasis in pancreatic β cells, is a novel target in the treatment of diabetes.In this study, 4-hydroxybenzopyrimidine was used as the raw material, four nitrogen-containing rings (imidazole, methylpiperazine, pyrazole, morpholine) were introduced, benzopyrimidine skeleton with nitrogen-containing rings derivatives targeting TXNIP was designed and synthesized, and the protective effect of compounds on palmitic acid-stimulated islet β cells was investigated.A total of 20 benzopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS.Pharmacological studies showed that most of the compounds exhibited protective effects on islet β cells, with better axtivity for compounds C-1, C-2, C-4 and D-2 (cell survival rate > 70%) compared with PA model group (38.3%), Among the four compounds, D-2 had the highest activity of 87.2%, so it could become a potential new anti-diabetic chemical entity.

Traditinal Chinese Medicine Intervention in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Intervertebral disc degeneration is one of the common causes of chronic low back pain. As a common spinal disease， its clinical symptoms are mainly low back pain and limited function， which seriously affects physical and psychological health. Because of its complex and unclear pathogenesis， the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration has been the focus of scientific researchers and clinical workers. At present， the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration mainly includes non-surgical therapy and surgical therapy， which can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients to a certain extent， but easily induce new complications， and it is difficult to restore the normal physiological function of the intervertebral disc. In recent years， along with the advanced research on matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs） in the tissues of intervertebral disc degeneration， it has been found that MMPs can be used as molecular therapeutic targets. The expression of MMPs in the intervertebral disc tissues can be regulated by reducing the content and composition of the extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc， so as to slow down intervertebral disc degeneration and even reverse the occurrence of intervertebral disc degeneration. This treatment is expected to delay intervertebral disc degeneration caused by changes in extracellular matrix composition or content. In recent years， with the continuous development of network pharmacology and bioinformatics research， a large number of researchers have explored the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and found that TCM can reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix by inhibiting the expression of MMPs， thus alleviating the symptoms of intervertebral disc degeneration and slowing down the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. This paper reviewed the research progress of TCM intervention in MMP expression in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration， aiming at providing references for the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Analysis of WRKY transcription factor family based on full-length transcriptome sequencing in Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中国中药杂志

WRKY transcription factor family plays an important role in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The present study performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of Polygonatum cyrtonema by virtue of the PacBio SMRT high-throughput platform, identified the WRKY family by bioinformatics methods, and analyzed the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, phylogeny, and conserved motifs. The results showed that 30.69 Gb nucleotide bases and 89 564 transcripts were obtained after redundancy removal. These transcripts had a mean length of 2 060 bp and an N50 value of 3 156 bp. Based on the full-length transcriptome sequencing data, 64 candidate proteins were selected from the WRKY transcription factor family, with the protein size of 92-1 027 aa, the relative molecular mass of 10 377.85-115 779.48 kDa, and the isoelectric point of 4.49-9.84. These WRKY family members were mostly located in the nucleus and belonged to the hydrophobic proteins. According to the phylogenetic analysis of WRKY family in P. cyrtonema and Arabidopsis thaliana, all WRKY family members were clustered into seven subfamilies and WRKY proteins from P. cyrtonema were distributed in different numbers in these seven subgroups. Expression pattern analysis confirmed that 40 WRKY family members had distinct expression patterns in the rhizomes of 1-and 3-year-old P. cyrtonema. Except for PcWRKY39, the expression of 39 WRKY family members was down-regulated in 3-year-old samples. In conclusion, this study provides abundant reference data for genetic research on P. cyrtonema and lays a foundation for the in-depth investigation of the biological functions of the WRKY family.

Clinical observation on syndrome-differentiation acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for autism spectrum disorder / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between syndrome-differentiation acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training and simple rehabilitation training for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).@*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with ASD were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. In the control group, routine rehabilitation training was applied; in the observation group, syndrome-differentiation acupuncture (the main points were Baihui [GV 20], Dingshenzhen, Niesanzhen, etc., the supplementary acupoints were selected according to syndrome-differentiation) combined with rehabilitation training were applied, all the treatments were given once a day, 5-day continuous treatment with 2-day interval, 12 weeks were required. Before treatment and after 6, 12 weeks of treatment, the autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC), childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) scores were observed, the therapeutic effect and safety were evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, except for the sensory perception score after 6 weeks of treatment in the control group, the item scores and total scores of ATEC, CARS scores and ABC scores were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05). After 6 weeks of treatment, the social score and total score of ATEC, CARS score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); after 12 weeks of treatment, the item scores and total score of ATEC, CARS score and ABC score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 80.0% (24/30), which was higher than 56.7% (17/30) in the control group (P<0.05). There was no serious adverse reactions in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Syndrome-differentiation acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training could improve the core symptoms in children with ASD, especially sensory perception and social ability, and with good safety, which is superior to simple rehabilitation training.

A new xanthone from hulls of Garcinia mangostana and its cytotoxic activity / 中国中药杂志

Eight compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract of the hulls of Garcinia mangostana by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, as well as prep-HPLC methods. By HR-ESI-MS, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses, the structures of the eight compounds were identified as 16-en mangostenone E(1), α-mangostin(2), 1,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-methy-lbut-2-enyl)-3-methoxyxanthone(3), cratoxyxanthone(4), 2,6-dimethoxy-para-benzoquinone(5), methyl orselinate(6), ficusol(7), and 4-(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid(8). Compound 1 was a new xanthone, and compound 4 was a xanthone dimer, compound 5 was a naphthoquinone. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except compounds 2 and 3. Cytotoxic bioassay suggested that compounds 1, 2 and 4 possessed moderate cytotoxicity, suppressing HeLa cell line with IC_(50) va-lues of 24.3, 35.5 and 17.1 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. Compound 4 also could suppress K562 cells with an IC_(50) value of 39.8 μmol·L~(-1).

Recent progress in the treatment of intractable sialolithiasis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Sialolithiasis occurs in approximately 0.45% to 1.20% of the general population. The typical clinical symptom manifests as a painful swelling of the affected glands after a meal or upon salivary stimulation, which extremely affects the life quality of the patients. With the development of sialendoscopy and lithotripsy, most sialoliths can be successfully removed with preservation of the gland. However, sialoliths in the deep hilar-parenchymal submandibular ducts and impacted parotid stones located in the proximal ducts continue to pose great challenges. Our research center for salivary gland diseases (in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology) has used sialendoscopy for 17 years and treated >2 000 patients with salivary gland calculi. The success rate was approximately 92% for submandibular gland calculi and 95% for parotid calculi. A variety of minimally invasive surgical techniques have been applied and developed, which add substantial improvements in the treatment of refractory sialolithiasis. Further, the radiographic positioning criteria and treatment strategy are proposed for these intractable stones. Most of the hilar-parenchymal submandibular stones are successfully removed by a transoral approach, including transoral duct slitting and intraductal basket grasping, while a small portion of superficial stones can be removed by a mini-incision in submandibular area. Impacted stones located in the distal third of parotid gland ducts are removed via "peri-ostium incision", which is applied to avoid a cicatricial stenosis from a direct ostium incision. Impacted parotid stones located in the middle and proximal third of the Stensen's duct are removed via a direct mini-incision or a peri-auricular flap. A direct transcutaneous mini-incision is commonly performed under local anesthesia with an imperceptible scar, and is indicated for most of impacted stones located in the middle third, hilum and intraglandular ducts. By contrast, a peri-auricular flap is performed under general anesthesia with relatively larger operational injury of the gland parenchyma, and should be best reserved for deeper intraglandular stones. Laser lithotripsy has been applied in the treatment of sialolithiasis in the past decade, and holmium ∶YAG laser is reported to have the best therapeutic effects. During the past 3 years, our research group has performed laser lithotripsy for a few cases with intractable salivary stones. From our experiences, withdrawal of the endoscopic tip 0.5-1.0 cm away from the extremity of the laser fiber, consistent saline irrigation, and careful monitoring of gland swelling are of vital importance for avoidance of injuries of the ductal wall and the vulnerable endoscope lens during lithotripsy. Larger calculi require multiple treatment procedures. The risk of ductal stenosis can be alleviated by endoscopic dilation. In summary, appropriate use of various endoscopy-assisted lithotomy helps preserve the gland function in most of the patients with refractory sialolithiasis. Further studies are needed in the following aspects: Transcervical removal of intraglandular submandibular stones, intraductal laser lithotripsy of impacted parotid stones and deep submandibular stones, evaluation of long-term postoperative function of the affected gland, et al.

Polypeptide from Moschus Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting NF-κ B-ROS/NLRP3 Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of polypeptide from Moschus (PPM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophages and BALB/c mice.@*METHODS@#The polypeptide was extracted from Moschus and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Subsequently, LPS was used to induce inflammation in THP-1 macrophages and BALB/c mice. In LPS-treated or untreated THP-1 macrophages, cell viability was observed by cell counting kit 8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays; the proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively; and protein and mRNA levels were measured by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. In LPS-induced BALB/c mice, the proinflammatory cytokines were measured, and lung histology and cytokines were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The SDS-PAGE results suggested that the molecular weight of purified PPM was in the range of 10-26 kD. In vitro, PPM reduced the production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and ROS in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages (P<0.01). Western blot analysis demonstrated that PPM inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway by reducing protein expression of phospho-NF-κB p65, phospho-inhibitors of NF-κB (Iκ Bs) kinase α/β (IKKα/β), TXNIP, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, qRT-PCR revealed the inhibitory effects of PPM on the mRNA levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, in LPS-induced BALB/c mice, PPM reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum (P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the lungs (P<0.01) and alleviated pathological injury to the lungs.@*CONCLUSION@#PPM could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB-ROS/NLRP3 pathway, and may be a novel potential candidate drug for treating inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.

Effect of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Ectopic High OCT4 Expression on T Lymphocyte Function / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with ectopic high OCT4 expression on T-cell proliferation, activation and secretion in vitro.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy children. Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies were used to activate T lymphocytes, which were stimulated by interleukin (IL)-2 for one week in vitro. Then MSCs with ectopic high OCT4 expression (MSC-OCT4) were co-cultured with activated T lymphocytes. After one week of co-culture, the supernatant was collected and the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines [IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ] were determined by flow cytometry. The lymphocytes after one week of co-culture were collected and counted by Countstar software. After the proportions of activated/inactivated T cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry, the absolute lymphocyte counts were calculated and expressed as mean ± standard deviation.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control T cell alone culture group, the proliferation of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, and CD3+CD8+ T cells were significantly inhibited in MSC group and MSC-OCT4 group. Compared with MSC, MSC-OCT4 could inhibit CD3+CD8+ T cell proliferation better (P =0.049), and mainly inhibited early T cell activation. Compared with control T cell alone culture group, the levels of IL-2 and INF-γ were significantly down-regulated both in MSC group and MSC-OCT4 group.After co-culture with T cells for one week, the level of IL-6 significantly increased in MSC group and MSC-OCT4 group compared with that before co-culture. Compared with control MSC group, MSC-OCT4 group had higher viable cell numbers after 1 week of co-culture (P =0.019), and could resist the inhibition of proliferation by higher concentration of mitomycin C.@*CONCLUSION@#Both MSC and MSC-OCT4 can inhibit the proliferation and activation of IL-2-stimulated T cells in vitro. After overexpression of OCT4, MSC has better proliferation ability in vitro and can inhibit the proliferation of CD3+CD8+ T cells more effectively, which may have a better and more lasting immunosuppressive ability to regulate the balance of Th1/Th2.

Diagnostic method and value of echocardiography for screening right patent ductus arteriosus in infants / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic method and value of echocardiography in screening right patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) of infants.Methods:This was a prospective study.Thirty-one infants with right PDA diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by prenatal ultrasonography, electronic computed tomography angiography, angiocardiography and/or surgery in Hebei Children′s Hospital from April 2014 to May 2022 were collected as research subjects, and the association of right ductus arteriosus with aortic arch anomalies and complex cardiac malformations were summarized. The diagnostic method and value of ultrasonic screening were summed up.Results:Of the 31 cases, 30 cases were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound and 1 case was misdiagnosed, who was a left aortic arch descending to the right, a crossover variation of the right and left pulmonary arteries, and a rightward displacement of the ductus arteriosus. Among these cases diagnosed correctly, 27 cases (including 24 cases with right aortic arch and 3 cases with left aortic arch) presented that ductus arteriosus was open and its ostium of pulmonary artery end was located in the proximal right pulmonary artery in views of parasternal short-axis view of great vessels at cardiac base with the combination of two dimensions and color Doppler flow imaging. Other 3 cases of right aortic arch were all single ventricle with transposition of the great artery. Due to the parallel relationship of the two great arteries, the standard parasternal short-axis view of great vessels could not be obtained, and the right ductus arteriosus was found in the high parasternal views.In all of the 27 cases with right aortic arch and right ductus arteriosus, high parasternal views showed that one end of the ductus arteriosus was connected to the right aortic arch isthmus and the other end was connected to the right pulmonary artery. In all of the 3 cases with left aortic arch and right ductus arteriosus, the high parasternal views showed that one end of the ductus arteriosus was connected to the right subclavian artery and the other end was connected to the right pulmonary artery. Among the 27 cases with right aortic arch, 16 cases were accompanied with mirror image branches, 9 cases of which had complex cardiac malformations; 10 cases were associated with aberrant left subclavian artery, 1 case of which had complex cardiac malformations; 1 case was with isolated left subclavian artery, and without complex cardiac malformations. All 3 cases of left aortic arch were accompanied with isolated right subclavian artery and none of them were associated with complex cardiac malformations. Clinical outcomes of 30 cases with right PDA: 14 cases underwent ductus arteriosus ligation due to thick ductus or other heart malformations. In other 16 cases, 4 cases were closed spontaneously, 9 cases had persistent small ductus arteriosus, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up.Conclusions:Right ductus arteriosus is mostly related to the right aortic arch, and those with mirror image branches are prone to complex cardiac malformations; cases of left aortic arch with right ductus arteriosus are tend to accompany isolated right subclavian artery. Ultrasound has an important application in the screening and diagnosis of right PDA.

Analysis on mechanisms of Jindan Tablets, Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets and ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of gallstones and cholecystitis based on network pharmacology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the mechanism of Jindan Tablets, Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets and ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of gallstone and cholecystitis based on network pharmacology; To conduct a comparative analysis.Methods:The chemical components of Jindan Tablets, Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets and ursodeoxycholic acid and their drug targets were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). DAVID 6.8 database was used to search for the associated diseases of the drug targets. The disease targets of gallstone and cholecystitis were collected from GeneCards and other databases. The protein-protein interactions network was established based on the intersecting targets of three drugs and two diseases. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed based on the DAVID 6.8 database. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct a complex network and topology analysis of component- target- disease between three drugs and diseases.Results:222 chemical components and 3 133 drug targets were collected for Jindan Tablets. 104 chemical components and 1 425 action targets were collected for Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets. 1 chemical component and 119 action targets were collected for ursodeoxycholic acid. The three drugs were associated with 31 diseases. 1 382 disease targets for gallstones and cholecystitis were collected. There were 237, 163 and 33 targets for gallstones and cholecystitis in the three drugs, of which 17 were shared by the three drugs and 20 were shared by Jindan Tablets and Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets. Based on the DAVID database, 113, 74 and 10 significant KEGG enrichment pathways were obtained for the three drugs respectively.Conclusions:The three drugs shared many targets and pathways in the treatment of gallstones and cholecystitis, which all had the function of regulating metabolism and inhibiting inflammatory response, while participating in apoptosis, oxidative stress and cancer pathology process. However, they had their own special effects, with Jindan Tablets favoring involving in the cancer process and inhibition of inflammation, and promoting angiogenesis. Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets and ursodeoxycholic acid focused on regulating cholesterol metabolism, and Xiaoyan Lidan Tablets also regulated steroid metabolism and inhibit inflammation, while ursodeoxycholic acid regulated bile acid metabolism.

A retrospective cohort study of total areolar endoscopic approach versus open thyroidectomy for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of areola approach endoscopic thyroidectomy (AET) and conventional open thyroidectomy (OT) in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:Four hundred and twenty-eight female patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who were treated at the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of whom 183 underwent AET (AET group) and 245 underwent OT (OT group). Direct comparison and subsequent propensity score matching methodology were utilized to compare the differences between the two operation methods in terms of surgical time, intraoperative parathyroid transplantation rate, intraoperative nerve injury, postoperative complications, reoperation rate, number of lymph node dissections, postoperative lymph node metastasis at 2 years, and route tumor implantation. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS 25.0 software. The metric data of normal distribution was represented by mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and the t-test was used for between-group comparison. The Chi-test was used for between-group comparison of count data. Results:The AET group had an age of (38.89±9.08) years, weight of (62.10±10.45) kg, and height of (161.97±5.31) cm; the OT group had an age of (45.88±12.47) years, weight of (65.11±12.72) kg, and height of (161.62±5.24) cm. The differences in age, weight, and body mass index between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The surgical time in the AET group was (183.00±137.22) min, which was significantly longer than (87.94±28.25) min of the OT group ( t=16.67, P<0.001). The parathyroid transplantation rate in the OT group was significantly higher than that in the AET group (49.39% vs 34.97%, χ2=8.87, P=0.003). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of intraoperative nerve injury, postoperative complications, reoperation rate, number of lymph node dissections, postoperative lymph node metastasis at 2 years, and route tumor implantation. After propensity score matching based on differences in age, weight, body mass index, and soon, 183 cases of AET (AET-PS group) and OT (OT-PS group) were obtained for statistical analysis. The surgical time in the AET-PS group was (137.22±32.77) min, which was significantly longer than (90.26±29.35) min of the OT-PS group ( t=14.44, P<0.001). The parathyroid transplantation rate in the OT-PS group was significantly higher than that in the AET-PS group (53.01% vs. 34.97%, χ2=12.08, P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of intraoperative nerve injury, postoperative complications, reoperation rate, number of lymph node dissections, postoperative lymph node metastasis at 2 years, and route tumor implantation. Conclusions:AET and OT are equally safe and effective in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma. AET surgery can be performed safely and feasibly under strict adherence to surgical principles.

Based on the macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine exploring the material basis and mechanism of the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction / 药学学报

In order to study the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, this paper discussed material basis and mechanism from the perspective of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine. Inspired by the phenomenon of turbidity after boiling Chinese medicine, this experiment took Shaoyao Gancao Decoction as the research object to study the formation process of precipitation during boiling. The results showed that aggregates with a certain shape were formed in the solvent during the boiling process, and the precipitate was obtained by standing and centrifuging. Analysis found that the precipitation was mainly composed of small molecules such as paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin and gallic acid, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide. The composition of precipitate was consistent with that of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction after removing the precipitate was significantly reduced. Based on these results, we isolated small molecular compounds, polysaccharides and protein from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction and their contents are 60.4, 700.7 and 207.2 mg·g-1 respectively. We get the ratio, polysaccharide: small molecule = 11.6∶1, protein: small molecule = 3.4∶1, the precipitate is prepared in the state of boiling. The characterization results showed that the particle size of the precipitate will change significantly after co-heating, and the content determination results showed that the content of the six small molecular compounds which was free in solvent was significantly reduced after the formation of the precipitate. The acetic acid writhing experiment proved that the precipitate has a good analgesic effect, and effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. These results proved that the precipitate in Shaoyao Gancao Decoction is an important material basis for analgesic effect, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide are the main components of the precipitate. The study of macromolecules in the precipitate of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction not only provides new ideas and methods for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but also provides a reference for analyzing the scientificity of traditional decoction.

The complete plastid genome of Amphicarpaea ferruginea Bentham (Leguminosae), a grass species with development and utilization prospect.

We are reporting the complete plastid genome of Amphicarpaea ferruginea, a grass species with development and utilization prospect. The A. ferruginea plastome is 152,531 bp long, with two inverted repeat(IR) regions (25,616 bp each) that separate a large single copy (LSC) region (83,364 bp) and a small single copy (SSC) region (17,935 bp). A total of 130 genes were annotated, including 85 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree shows that Amphicarpaea edgeworthii is closely related to Amphicarpaea ferruginea with strong bootstrap support.

Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane with Self-Healing and Reprocessing Capabilities.

Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethane (PU) networks play indispensable roles in a variety of applications; however, they cannot be reprocessed, resulting in environmental problems and unsustainable industrial development. In this work, recyclable HTPB-based PU vitrimer (HTPB-PUV) networks are fabricated by introduction of a cross-linker 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[4-mercaptan-1,3,2-dioxaborolane] (BDB) with dynamic boronic ester bonds into the network. Meanwhile, the BDB can stabilize the HTPB unit in the network by elimination of double bonds. The novel HTPB-PUV networks are constructed by a thiol-ene "click" reaction and an addition reaction between HTPB and cross-linker BDB and isocyanates (HDI). The dynamic HTPB-PUV networks are characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The obtained dynamic HTPB-PUV networks possess superior thermostability. Moreover, due to the presence of dynamic boronic ester bonds, the HTPB-PUV network topologies can be altered, contributing to the reprocessing, self-healing, and welding abilities of the final polymer. Through a hot press, the pulverized sample can be reprocessed for several cycles, and mechanical properties of the reprocessed samples are similar to those of the pristine one, with the tensile strength being even higher. The self-healed sample exhibits almost complete recovery from scratch after the healing treatment at 130 °C for 3 h. Moreover, a welding efficiency of 120% was achieved.

[The influence of three-dimensional maxillary protraction simulation on dental and basal arch width coordination in early permanent dentition skeletal Class â ¢ malocclusion].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of three-dimensional maxillary protraction simulation using cone-beam CT (CBCT) on the width of the upper and lower jaws in early permanent dentition patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion. METHODS: Twenty skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and 20 skeletal Class I patients according to the inclusion criteria from the Department of Orthodontics，Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2016 and January 2021,were selected in this study. CBCT images were taken in all patients before treatment, and Mimics 20.0 software was used to measure the buccal-lingual inclination of the first molars and the width of the dental and basal arch of two groups of patients. Three-dimensional segmentation and maxillary forward movement simulation were performed to evaluate the dental and basal arch width after the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and mandible were changed. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The maxillary molars inclined buccally and the mandibular molars inclined lingually in Class Ⅲ patients(P<0.01); there was no significant difference in the width of the mandibular basal arch between Class Ⅲ and Class I , but the width of the maxillary base arch in Class Ⅲ was significantly smaller than that in Class I (P<0.01), the difference between the maxillary and mandibular base arch widths of Class Ⅲ was significantly smaller than that of class I(P<0.01); however, there was no significant differences in the width of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches between the two groups. During the maxillary protraction simulation in Class Ⅲ patients, the width of the maxillary dental arch of Class Ⅲ was significantly larger than that of the mandible when the maxilla was moved 3 mm forward(P<0.05). The width of maxillary basal arch and the difference between upper and lower basal arch width were still smaller than that of Class I when moving 2 mm(P<0.05); but when the forward movement was 3 mm, there were no significant difference in maxillary basal arch width and maxillomandibular basal coordination between Class Ⅲ and Class I (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal Class Ⅲ patients in early permanent dentition showed some insufficient development of maxillary basal arch width and buccal inclination of maxillary molars. During maxillary protraction treatment, the width of dental and basal arch change significantly with the amount of maxillary forward movement and mandibular rotation. The sagittal change of the upper and lower jaws is one of the most important factors to decide whether the maxillary expansion is needed. If the change exceeds 3mm, maxillary expansion might not be necessary.

The effect of extracellular vesicles derived from lung tissue on intrapulmonary inflammation and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis rats / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of extracellular vesicles derived from lung tissue on intrapulmonary inflammation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis rats.Methods:Sepsis rat model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Collagenase D and DNase I were used to dissociate the lung tissue, the impurities were removed by centrifugation, and finally, the extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) derived from lung tissue were separated and extracted by differential ultracentrifugation. Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, sepsis group and Ti-EVs group: in the Ti-sEV group, a sepsis model was established by CLP, and Ti-EVs suspension was instilled through the airway; rats in the CLP group received CLP, and an equal volume of PBS was instilled through the airway; and rats in the sham group was treated with sham operation. The pathological changes of lung tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after 24 h. The content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the NETs content in lung tissue.Results:The isolated extracellular vesicles derived from rat lung tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy as double-layer circular cystic vesicles with particle diameter mainly distributed at 150 nm. Western blot showed positive expression of EVs markers CD9, CD63, and Tsg101. HE staining of lung tissue showed alveolar integrity damage and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the lung of sepsis rats. Compared with the CLP group, the degree of lung tissue damage was more serious in the Ti-EVs group and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the BALF of rats were significantly increased ( P<0.01). The formation of NETs in the lungs of the rats in the sepsis group and the Ti-EVs group was observed under the laser confocal microscope. Compared with the sepsis group, the fluorescence intensity of NETs in the lung tissues of the Ti-EVs group increased significantly. Conclusions:After enzymatic digestion, differential ultracentrifugation and other treatments, the extracellular vesicles derived from rat lung tissue with high purity can be successfully isolated and extracted. In the process of septic lung injury, extracellular vesicles in lung tissue can aggravate the inflammatory response in the lung and promote the formation of NETs.

Study on antioxidation and inhibiting melanin production of tetrahydrocurcumin and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the antioxidant effect of tetrahydrocurcuminoids(THC)and its effect on melanin production,and to explore its mechanism of inhibiting melanin production.Methods Human immortalized epidermal cell(HaCaT cell)model was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in HaCaT cells were detected by ELISA.Total antioxidant activity of THC was detected by DPPH and T-AOC methods.Mouse melanoma cell model B16F10 was used on the experiment of inhibition of melanin production.The effect of THC on the proliferation activity of mouse B16F10 cells was determined by CCK8 assay.The content of melanin and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells were determined by NaOH lysis assay and dopamine oxidation assay,respectively.The effect of THC on B16F10 cell migration was investigated by scratch assay,and the expression of melanin production-related protein MITF was determined by Western blot.Results THC could increase the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in HaCaT cells,reduce the content of LDH,and increase the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical and the reducing ability of Fe3+.THC could inhibit the proliferation and migration of mouse B16F10 cells,reduce the content of melanin in B16F10 cells,reduce the activity of tyrosinase,and inhibit the expression of MITF.Conclusions Tetrahydrocurcumin has antioxidant effect and can inhibit melanin production,and its mechanism is related to inhibiting MITF expression.