[Source Profiles and Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds in Typical Industries in Luohe City].

Ten typical industries in Luohe City were selected for the sampling of organized emissions of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, and 114 VOCs components of each sample were detected to analyze their source characteristics and effects. The results showed that VOCs emissions of packaging and printing were mainly composed of OVOC （60.9%）. In terms of the industrial coating, aromatic hydrocarbons （42.4%） and OVOC （38.9%） were the main VOCs species. The emissions of the footwear, furniture manufacturing, and paper industries were mainly composed of OVOC （32.3% - 42.6%） and aromatic hydrocarbons （20.7% - 33.7%）, with noticeable halogenated hydrocarbons. Chemical and pharmaceutical industries mainly emitted halogenated hydrocarbons, with the proportions of 59.3% and 46.6%, respectively. The emissions of the brick industry were primarily composed of alkane （62.7%）, and OVOC （48.5%）, and halogenated hydrocarbons （19.7%） were the main contributors to VOCs emissions of the thermal industry. OVOC （48.1%） and alkane （29.4%） were the dominant species for the food manufacturing industry. In the packaging and printing industry, acetone （14.8%）, isopropanol （14.0%）, ethylacetate （11.1%）, and toluene （10.2%） were the characteristic VOCs species. The emissions of industrial coating were dominated by isopropanol （25.6%）, toluene （15.0%）, m/p-xylene （12.4%）, and acetone （7.1%）. In the furniture manufacturing industry, m/p-xylene （15.8%）, followed by hexanal （15.1%）, 1,2-dichloroethane （9.6%）, and acetone （8.4%） were the characteristic VOCs species. The emissions of the footwear industry were dominated by acetone （18.9%）, toluene （18.1%）, methylene chloride （8.0%）, and acetaldehyde （6.8%）. The characteristic species of the chemical industry were methylene chloride （23.9%）, 1,2-dichloroethane （14.7%）, acetone （12.7%）, and trichloromethane （11.1%）, and those for the pharmaceutical industry were bromoethane （36.7%）, acetone （19.2%）, benzene （5.0%）, and vinyl acetate （3.0%）. The emissions of the brick industry were mainly ethane, propane, ethylene, and benzene. Acetone, toluene, acetylene, and acetaldehyde were the primary VOCs species in the paper industry. The emissions of the food manufacturing industry were dominated by acetaldehyde, n-pentane, acrolein, and n-heptane. The emissions of the thermal industry were characterized by acetone, acetaldehyde , benzene, and toluene. Although different industries emitted various characteristic VOCs species, in general, acetone, isopropanol, benzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, and methylene chloride were the main characteristic species in most industries in Luohe. OVOC and aromatic hydrocarbons had higher contributions to ozone generation potential （OFP）, and aromatic hydrocarbons contributed over 80.0% to secondary organic aerosol formation potential （SOAP）. The source reactivity of ozone [SR（O3）] of the food and furniture manufacturing industries were higher, with values of 3.7 g·g-1 and 3.5 g·g-1, respectively, whereas the source reactivity of secondary organic aerosol SR（SOA） of the industrial coating, furniture manufacturing, and footwear industries were higher, with the values of 0.021, 0.017, and 0.014 g·g-1. Hence, the food manufacturing, industrial coating, and furniture manufacturing industries should be the primary industries for the collaborative control of PM2.5 and ozone in Luohe City, of which the furniture manufacturing industry was the top priority.

Perioperative Dexamethasone Split Between 2 Doses Further Reduced Early Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Than Single-Dose Dexamethasone: A Randomized Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether 2 doses of dexamethasone are more effective than a single dose in reducing early postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: A total of 150 patients between June 2021 and June 2022 were randomized into 3 groups: 2 doses of normal saline (group A), a single dose of 10 mg dexamethasone before surgery and normal saline after surgery (group B), and 2 doses of 5 mg dexamethasone during the perioperative period (group C). Primary outcomes were incidences and severity of PONV within 24 hours after surgery, the number and consumption of patients requiring morphine and metoclopramine, and visual analog scale scores for nausea and vomiting at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. Blood glucose levels on days 1, 2, and 3 after operation and incidences of surgical site infection (SSI) as well as gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) within 45 days after operation were compared. RESULTS: Within 24 hours after operation, the number and consumption of patients requiring morphine and metoclopramide in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A. Incidences and severity of PONV in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A. And these differences between groups B and C were significant. At 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after operation, there were significant differences in visual analog scale scores of PONV between groups A and B, A and C, as well as B and C. On postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels among the groups, and there were no incidences of SSI or GIB in any group within 45 days after operation. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone significantly reduces PONV within 24 hours after TKA, does not result in significant changes in postoperative blood glucose levels, and does not increase the risk of SSI or GIB, particularly on group C. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2400088512. REGISTRATION CENTER: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). WEBSITE: www.chictr.org.cn.

The role of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in chondrocyte senescence.

Chondrocytes are the exclusive cellular constituents of articular cartilage, and their functional status governs the health of the cartilage. The primary factor contributing to the deterioration of cartilage structure and function is chondrocyte senescence. In hypoxia and hypodextrose environment, chondrocytes heavily rely on glycolysis for energy metabolism. Mitochondria, acting as the regulatory hub for chondrocyte energy metabolism, exhibit dysfunction before chondrocyte senescence, indicating their crucial involvement in the process. Previous research has suggested that molecules associated with mitochondrial quality control mechanisms can effectively restore mitochondrial function and alleviate chondrocyte senescence. However, there remains to be clarity regarding the relationship between mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and differences in efficacy among various target molecules, which pose challenges when evaluating them in chondrocytes. By conducting a comprehensive review of the existing literature on mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and chondrocyte senescence, we gain further insights into this intricate relationship while identifying promising targets that could potentially open up novel avenues for the treatment of chondrocyte senescence.

Tissue adhesive, ROS scavenging and injectable PRP-based 'plasticine' for promoting cartilage repair.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) that has various growth factors has been used clinically in cartilage repair. However, the short residence time and release time at the injury site limit its therapeutic effect. The present study fabricated a granular hydrogel that was assembled from gelatin microspheres and tannic acid through their abundant hydrogen bonding. Gelatin microspheres with the gelatin concentration of 10 wt% and the diameter distribution of 1-10 µm were used to assemble by tannic acid to form the granular hydrogel, which exhibited elasticity under low shear strain, but flowability under higher shear strain. The viscosity decreased with the increase in shear rate. Meanwhile, the granular hydrogel exhibited self-healing feature during rheology test. Thus, granular hydrogel carrying PRP not only exhibited well-performed injectability but also performed like a 'plasticine' that possessed good plasticity. The granular hydrogel showed tissue adhesion ability and reactive oxygen species scavenging ability. Granular hydrogel carrying PRP transplanted to full-thickness articular cartilage defects could integrate well with native cartilage, resulting in newly formed cartilage articular fully filled in defects and well-integrated with the native cartilage and subchondral bone. The unique features of the present granular hydrogel, including injectability, plasticity, porous structure, tissue adhesion and reactive oxygen species scavenging provided an ideal PRP carrier toward cartilage tissue engineering.

Carbamazepine regulates USP10 through miR-20a-5p to affect the deubiquitination of SKP2 and inhibit osteogenic differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) harm bone health and are significantly associated with osteoporosis development. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms involved in carbamazepine (CBZ) and microRNA (miR)-20a-5p/ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10)/S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) axis in osteoporosis. METHODS: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with different concentrations of CBZ. Knocking down or overexpressing miR-20a-5p, USP10, and SKP2 cell lines were constructed. The expressions of miR-20a-5p, USP10, SKP2, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osterix (Osx), osteocalcin (OCN) and Collagen I were detected with western blot (WB) and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining was performed to measure calcium deposition. Dual-luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were applied to verify the binding relationship between miR-20a-5p and USP10. USP10 and SKP2 combination was verified by Co-Immunopurification (Co-IP). The stability of the SKP2 protein was verified by Cycloheximide chase assay. RESULTS: CBZ could reduce cell activity. ALP activity and ARS staining were enhanced in the osteogenic induction (OM) group. The expressions of Runx2, ALP, Osx, OCN and Collagen I were increased. CBZ reduced miR-20a-5p expressions. Verification experiments showed miR-20a-5p could target USP10. USP10 increased SKP2 stability and promoted SKP2 expression. CBZ regulated miR-20a-5p/USP10/SPK2 and inhibited BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: CBZ regulated USP10 through miR-20a-5p to affect the deubiquitination of SKP2 and inhibit osteogenic differentiation, which provided a new idea for osteoporosis treatment.