[Global liver cancer incidence and mortality and future trends from 2000 to 2020: GLOBOCAN data analysis].

Objective: To compare the geographical differences and time trends of liver cancer incidence and mortality in different regions around the world so as to predict the future burden of liver cancer. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in different Human Development Index (HDI) countries from 2000 to 2020 were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. The joinpoint model and annual percent change (APC) were used to analyze the liver cancer global incidence and mortality as well as future epidemic trends from 2000 to 2020. Results: ASMR for male liver cancer was increased from 8.0/100, 000 in 2000 to 7.1/100,000 in 2015 (APC = -0.7, 95%CI: -1.2 ~ -0.3, P = 0.002), while ASMR for female liver cancer was increased from 3.0/100, 000 in 2000 to 2.8/100, 000 in 2015 (APC = -0.5, 95%CI: -0.8 ~ -0.2, P < 0.001). The ratio of male to female ASMR was 2.67:1 in 2000 and 2.51:1 in 2015, indicating a slight narrowing of the difference in mortality between men and women. In 2020, the global ASIR and ASMR for liver cancer were 9.5/100 000 and 8.7/100 000, respectively. Male ASIR and ASMR (14.1/100, 000 and 12.9/100, 000, respectively) were 2 ~ 3 times higher than females (5.2/100, 000 and 4.8/100, 000, respectively). There were significant differences between ASIR and ASMR in different HDI countries and regions (P(ASIR) = 0.008, P(ASMR) < 0.001), and the distributions of ASMR and ASIR were very similar. New cases and deaths were expected to increase by 58.6% (143,6744) and 60.9% (133, 5 375) in 2040, with the number of cases and deaths increasing by 39,7003 and 37,4208 in Asia, respectively. Conclusion: ASMR due to liver cancer worldwide has had a downward trend between 2000 and 2015. However, the latest epidemiological status and predictions of liver cancer in 2020 indicate that prevention and control will still be a major challenge globally in the next 20 years.

[Analysis of endoscopic and pathological features of gastric adenomatous polyps and risk factors for canceration].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the endoscopic and pathological characteristics of gastric adenomatous polyps and to assess the potential risk factors for canceration of gastric adenomatous polyps. METHODS: The endoscopic and pathological characteristics of the patients with gastric adenomatous polyps from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2019 were summarized retrospectively, and the risk factors of canceration were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients with gastric adenomatous polyps were included, 51.20% of whom were females. The average age was (66.7±12.3) years. 64.80% of patients with gastric adenomatous polyps equal or more than 65 years old, and only 5.60% of the patients less than 45 years old. Adenomatous polyps were mostly distributed in the corpus and antrum with 40.80% and 32.80%, respectively. The majority of them were single (90.40%) and sessile (76.81%). 65.4% of adenomatous polyps were no more than 1.0 cm in diameter, and 23.20% of patients with adenomatous polyps were combined with hyperplastic polyps and/or fundus glandular polyps, and 1.60% had both pathological types of polyps. 58.62% (17/29) patients with hyperplastic polyps and/or fundus glandular polyps had multiple polyps. 1.60% (2/125) of the patients had gastric neuroendocrine tumor of G1 stage. Synchronous gastric cancer was detected in 13.60% (17/125) of the patients with adenomatous polyps, and the proportion of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was 18.40% (23/125). The main types of synchronous gastric cancer were progressive (70.59%) and undifferentiated (66.67%). Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia was found in 52.80% of the patients, and autoimmune gastritis accounted for 11.20%. The positive rate of Helicobacter pylori was 21.60%. The canceration rate of gastric adenomatous polyps was 20.80%. The cancer was mainly differentiated, but there was sigmoid ring cell carcinoma as well. Diameter of >1.0 cm (OR=5.092, 95%CI: 1.447-17.923, P=0.011), uneven surface morphology and erosion (OR=13.749, 95%CI: 1.072-176.339, P=0.044) were independent risk factors of adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSION: The synchronous gastric cancer is common and the canceration of gastric adenomatous polyps is high with diameter and surface morphology as independent risk factors. We should pay attention to the identification of the pathological types of polyps and the evaluation of the whole gastric mucosa during the endoscopic examination.

[Kaposi sarcoma combined with severe ulcerative colitis: A case report and literature review].

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an unusual vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, which is common in immunosuppressors. Although extremely rare, iatrogenic (drug-related) KS can occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients under immunosuppressive therapy. We report a 64-year-old male diagnosed with ulcerative colitis for 1 year. He was treated with methylprednisolone because of an acute severe disease flare. He presented with several popular violet lesions on the body 4 months after steroid therapy. Histological examination of skin biopsies showed Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HHV-8. The skin lesions regressed after steroid withdrawal and chemotherapy. Two key words "Kaposi's sarcoma" and "inflammatory bowel disease" were searched in Wanfang data and CNKI, but no relevant articles were found. Thirty-eight articles in English were retrieved on PubMed with the key words of ("ulcerative colitis" OR "Crohn's disease" OR "inflammatory bowel disease") AND (Kaposi sarcoma). Twenty-five cases of Kaposi's sarcoma related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were reported. Including this case, the majority of 26 Kaposi's sarcoma related IBD patients were male (80.8%, 21/26). The average age was (51.1 ± 16.4) years. Twenty cases were ulcerative colitis and 6 were Crohn's disease. All the patients received immunomodulatory therapy, including glucocorticoid, azathioprine/mercaptopurine, methotrexate, cyclosporin and anti tumor necrosis factor α antibody. Thirteen cases were positive for HHV-8. There were 18 cases involving the distal ileum and colorectum only, 3 cases involving skin only, and 5 cases involving both skin and colorectum at the same time. Overall, the prognosis was good. Three patients only stopped immunosuppressive therapy, 1 received radiotherapy, 1 received chemotherapy, and 20 received surgery. Kaposi's sarcoma could be seen in IBD patients with immunomodulatory therapy. It is very important to distinguish from the skin lesions related to IBD or drug treatment. The adverse reactions of immunomodulatory therapy should not be ignored. In addition, attention should be paid to the cooperation of multi-disciplinary team, which can diagnose and treat rare cases earlier and more accurately.

Effects of lysine deficiency or excess on growth and the expression of lipid metabolism genes in slow-growing broilers.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine deficiency or excess on growth and the expression of lipid metabolism genes in slow-growing birds. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 6 replicates of 20 birds each. The birds fed the basal diet with a total lysine 0.60% (LL), 1.00% (ML), or 1.40% (HL). The amount of lysine (ML) as the control group, LL and HL as the experimental group, the trial period last 3 wk. The results showed that compared with ML, LL significantly decreased average daily gain and average daily feed intake and remarkably increased feed conversion ratio of birds at 21 day old (P < 0.01), while the above indices in HL had no significant effects (P > 0.05). Besides, LL reduced the pectoral muscle rate (P < 0.01) and decreased the percentage of abdominal fat significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with ML, the expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), malic enzyme (ME), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1c) mRNA of liver in LL was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mRNA was significantly increased (P < 0.01), whereas LL had no significant effects on the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA (P > 0.05). Moreover, compared with ML, HL significantly reduced the expression of FABP1, ACC, ME, SREBP-1c, and PPARα mRNA in the liver (P < 0.05), and had no significant effects on the expression of CETP mRNA (P > 0.05). The results of current research suggest that dietary lysine deficiency could reduce the growth and fat deposition of slow-growing broilers mainly by downregulating the expression of lipid synthesis genes.

Vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation improves antioxidant status and immune function in oxidative-stressed breeder roosters by up-regulating expression of GSH-Px gene.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on antioxidant capacity and immune function in oxidative-stressed breeder roosters. One hundred twenty 45-week-old Lveyang black-boned breeder roosters were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments, including negative control group (NC), positive control group (PC), and 3 trial groups, which were fed the diets containing 300 mg/kg VC, 200 mg/kg VE, or 300 mg/kg VC and 200 mg/kg VE (VC+VE). At 47 wk of age, the positive control and trial groups were subcutaneously injected 3 times every other d with dexamethasone (DEX) 4 mg/kg of body weight, the negative control group was injected with saline. The experiment lasted for 35 d. The results showed that at 50 wk of age, average daily feed intake of birds challenged with DEX significantly increased (P < 0.05). During post-stress recovery period (52 wk of age), dietary supplemental VE or VC+VE notably increased body weight under oxidative stress (P < 0.01). Oxidative stress induced by DEX could significantly decrease superoxide dismutase (SOD), IgM, antibody titer of ND and mRNA expression of SOD or glutathion peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), increase serous malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). Supplementation of VC or VE significantly decreased serous MDA, and increased SOD under oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Supplementation of VC or VE, or their combination significantly increased the relative expression of GSH-Px mRNA when compared to the oxidative-stressed control treatment (P < 0.05), whereas did not alleviate the relative expression of SOD mRNA (P > 0.05). Therefore, the results suggest that addition of 300 mg/kg VC, 200 mg/kg VE or their combination could improve antioxidant ability and immune performance in oxidative-stressed breeder roosters through up-regulating the expression of GSH-Px gene.

Effects of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress.

This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E on growth performance and immune response of broilers under heat stress (HS). Birds raised in either a thermoneutral (23.9 degrees C constant) or HS (23.9 to 38 degrees C cycling) environment were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with vitamin E at 0, 100, or 200 mg/kg, respectively. Two hundred forty 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 groups; each group had 4 replicates of 10 birds. Humoral immunity was assessed by i.v. injection of 7% SRBC followed by evaluation of serum for antibody titers in primary and secondary responses. Cell-mediated immunity was assessed by using a Sephadex stimulation method to recruit abdominal exudate cells (AEC) to evaluate macrophage phagocytic ability. Body weight and feed intake were not significantly influenced by dietary vitamin E (P>0.05), whereas feed conversion was significantly affected by vitamin E at 100 mg/kg (P<0.05). Heat stress significantly reduced BW, feed intake, and feed conversion (P<0.05). Numbers of AEC, percentage of macrophages in AEC, phagocytic macrophages, and internalized opsonized and unopsonized SRBC were increased by dietary vitamin E (P<0.05). Both primary and secondary antibody responses were significantly increased by dietary vitamin E when birds were exposed to HS (P<0.05). Lymphoid organ weights, antibody responses, incidence of macrophages in AEC, and phagocytic ability of macrophages were all significantly reduced under HS. These results indicated that HS severely reduced growth performance and immune response of broilers, whereas the immune response of broilers could be improved by dietary vitamin E supplementation under HS.

Dietary vitamin A can improve immune function in heat-stressed broilers.

This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin A on the performance and immune competence of broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 180 birds, at 22 days of age, were randomly assigned to be reared either at 24°C (thermoneutral, TN, 24°C, constant) or 24°C to 38°C (heat stress, HS, cycling) until the age of 42 days. Birds were then supplemented with vitamin A at 750, 1500, 15 000 IU/kg. Each of the 2 × 3 factorially arranged treatments were replicated in six cages, each containing five birds. Humoral immunity was assessed by intravenous injection of 7% sheep red blood cells (SRBC) followed by evaluation of serum for antibody titers in primary and secondary responses. Cell-mediated immunity was assessed by using a Sephadax stimulation method to recruit abdominal exudate cells (AEC) to evaluate macrophage phagocytic ability. Body weight (BW) and feed conversion were significantly affected by dietary vitamin A (P < 0.05). HS significantly reduced BW, feed intake and feed conversion (P < 0.05). Numbers of AEC, percentage of macrophages in AEC, phagocytic macrophages, internalized opsonized and unopsonized SRBC were increased by dietary vitamin A (P < 0.05). Both primary and secondary antibody responses were characterized by increasing titers of antibody to SRBC by dietary vitamin A when birds were exposed to HS (P < 0.05). Lymphoid organ weights, antibody responses, incidence of macrophages in AEC and phagocytic ability of macrophages were all significantly reduced under HS. These results indicated that HS severely reduced performance and immunocompetence of broilers, whereas the immune response of broilers improved by dietary vitamin A supplementation under HS.

Total synthesis of two new dihydrostilbenes from Bulbophyllum odoratissimum.

A total synthetic route of two new dihydrostilbenes 5-(2-benzo[1,3]dioxole-5-ylethyl)-6-methoxy benzo[1,3]dioxole-4-ol (1) and 5-(2-benzo[1,3]dioxole-5-ylethyl)benzo[1,3]dioxole-4,7-diol (2), which were isolated from Bulbophyllum odoratissimum Lindl. with significant cytotoxicity toward human cancer cell lines, was developed via Horner reaction etc. The natural products 1 and 2 were obtained in 10.5% and 3.3% overall yield, respectively.

Effect of IL-1ra on human dental pulp cells and pulpal inflammation.

AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on the LPS-induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) synthesis in human dental pulp cells and to assess the role of IL-1ra in pulpal inflammation. METHODS: IL-1beta from human dental pulp cells (HDP) was measured by sandwich ELISA; IL-1ra expression in pulpal tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Stimulation of HDP with increasing concentrations of FnLPS resulted in dose-dependent IL-1beta production. The addition of IL-1ra reduced FnLPS-induced IL-1beta synthesis in human dental pulp cells. Significant inhibition of the FnLPS-induced IL-1beta synthesis was observed when IL-1ra was added before treating with FnLPS for 60 min. Large numbers of IL-1ra positive neutrophils, plasmacytes, endothelial cells and lymphocytes were observed in inflamed pulp tissue. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1ra could reduce LPS-stimulated IL-1beta synthesis, suggesting that IL-1ra may play a role in pulpitis.

[The expression and distribution of Smad 2 in human tooth germ].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Smad 2 gene in human tooth germ,and the possible function of Smad 2 during human tooth germ development. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining on prepared specimens of different stages of developing human tooth germ. RESULTS: Smad 2 expression had specific temporal-spatial pattern during tooth germ development, which was similar to TGF-beta. CONCLUSION: The expression of Smad 2 gene in tooth germ was detected in different stages of human tooth germ. The results suggest that Smad 2, one of the intracellular downstream molecules of TGF-beta, and as an inductive signal mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, may regulate the differentiation of ameloblast and odontoblast cells, and modulate dentinogenesis and amelogenesis.

[Effect of interleukin-1 beta on liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase mRNA level of fibroblastic cells derived from human periodontal ligament].

The present study showed the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on liver/bone/kidney (L/B/K) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA level of the fibroblastic cells derived from human periodontal ligament (HPLF). The 5th to 10th passage of cultured HPLF were used. It was found that IL-1 beta significantly inhibited the gene expression of L/B/K ALP mRNA in the cells, and that the effect was dose-and incubation time-dependent. These results suggest that IL-1 beta may play a negative role in reparation of periodontium and periapical diseases.

[Colorimetric studies on hiding effect of Cosmotech porcelain for laminate restoration].

The hiding effect on color tone of discolored teeth restored with ceramic laminate veneer crown was examined. Translucent (T1, T2), Enamel (E1, E2, E3), Dentin (DA2, DA3, DB2, DB3), Masking dentin (MDA2, MDA3, MDB2, MDB3) in 13 colors and Modifire (M61, M62, M65, M66, M67, M68, M69, M70, M79) in 7 colors of the ceramic materials (Cosmotech porcelain G C Co., Ltd) were examined in this experiments. The colorimetric examination of the color tone backing with the white or black color was carried out by testing for color difference (delta E*ab), value difference (delta L*), chrom and hue of the samples. The result obtained were as follows; 1. Color difference was higher in order of T2 greater than T1 in Translucent greater than E1 greater than E3 greater than E2 in Enamel greater than DB3 greater than DA2 greater than DA3 greater than DB2 in Dentin greater than MDB3 greater than MDA2 greater than MDB2 greater than MDA3 in Masking dentin, and M69 greater than M79 greater than M70 greater than M68 greater than M66 greater than M61 greater than M62 greater than M67 greater than M65 in Modifire. 2. Value difference was higher in order of T2 greater than T1 in Translucent greater than E1 greater than E3 greater than E2 in Enamel greater than DB3 greater than DA2 greater than DB2 greater than DA3 in Dentin greater than MDA2 greater than MDB3 greater than MDB2 greater than MDA3 in Masking dentin, and M69 greater than M70 greater than M79 greater than M68 greater than M66 greater than M61 greater than M67 greater than M65 greater than M62 in Modifire.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Studies on the influence of composite resin filling material (Command Ultra fine) on the dental pulp].

Studies on the influence of composite resin filling material on the dental pulp of human 1st premolar are reported in this thesis. An other experiment was carried out on rabbit with the left 1st molar in their lower jaw as subject and the right 1st molar in the lower jaw as a control. In both experiments with human and rabbit, routine operations were performed to prepare the cavities and filled with composite resin material. The human teeth were extracted 21 days afterwards and the rabbit teeth were extracted 7 days afterwards. Edema was found in the dental pulp of both human and rabbit teeth by pathologic examination and was accompanied by hemangiectasis and lymphaniectasis. There was also vacuolar degeneration in the odontoblasts. Some of these cells were reticulated and the of number of odontoblasts was fewer than in the control. Hemangiectasis was even more serious in the rabbit's teeth than those of human.

Study of estimation of color recognition on the dentist. On the ability of subjects to discriminate color in terms of hue, value and chroma.

The tooth crown color space model was manufactured and the improvement of the color representation and communication on the dental clinic have been trying. The study of color discrimination by dentist and student viewing with the use of tooth crown color chips reported here in basic knowledge on the color sensitivity of human eye. The test card were 55 x 90 mm in size and the color chip, 5 x 10 mm. The paired color chips were placed on the test card to have a 2 mm distance between them. Color difference of two tooth crown color chips on the test cards was 3.5 (delta E*ab), the combination of hue, value and chroma was constant of all cards. The subjects were 22 people, 6 dentists and 16 dental school students with normal color sensibility. In proportion of method of comparison for surface color (JIS Z 8723), the subject observed the test card which were different of hue, value and chroma on the their naked-eye, were investigated to evaluate their judgement of the test cards. The following results were obtained. The standard of judgment for the color discrimination was made firstly in terms of hue, secondly in terms of value, and thirdly in terms of chroma.

Simultaneous nonlinear absorption and index effects in the propagation of intense TEA CO2 laser pulses through CDF3.

Changes in the beam profile of the CO2 laser 10R(26) line, caused by transmission through, and absorption by, CDF3 were studied using an array of pyroelectric detectors. During the propagation of the laser beam through CDF3, nonlinear absorption and self-defocusing of the beam have both been determined from measurements of the effect on the exit beam of fluence, radiant energy, CDF3 pressure, transmission cell length, and distance from the exit of the cell to the detector array.