ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin were evaluated in 10 healthy sheep. After intravenous injection it showed monophasic behaviour, with a short mean (sd) elimination half-life (5 [0.24] hours). After intramuscular injection its bioavailability was 100 per cent but it was absorbed slowly; its elimination half-life was satisfactorily slow (9.23 [0.74] hours). Its efficacy was evaluated in 26 crossbreed sheep with milk positive to strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Streptococcus agalactiae, and clinical signs of disease. In 19 of them a single intramuscular dose of 6 mg/kg bodyweight resulted in a complete resolution of the clinical signs, and no microorganisms were detected in milk by the fifth day; in the other seven sheep, with more severe intramammary infections, three consecutive daily intramuscular doses of 6 mg/kg bodyweight were necessary. There were no local or systemic side effects and no relapses during 30 days after the treatments in any of the sheep.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Mastitis/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Teicoplanin/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Routes , Female , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Mastitis/drug therapy , Sheep , Teicoplanin/administration & dosage , Teicoplanin/adverse effects , Teicoplanin/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Dogs , Heart Rate/drug effects , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Levobunolol/administration & dosage , Sulfonamides/administration & dosage , Thiophenes/administration & dosage , Timolol/administration & dosage , Administration, Topical , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Combinations , Female , Levobunolol/pharmacology , Male , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Timolol/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of clenbuterol treatment (1 mug/kg b.w. i.m. for 10 consecutive days) on haemocoagulation process in seven calves. From each animal, blood samples were taken before (basal sample) and 24, 72, 144, 216, 264, 336 and 360 h after the end of treatment and some parameters were evaluated: coagulation process [prothrombin (PTT) and thrombin times (PT)], a complete blood count and plasmatic levels of 3'5'-monophosphatocyclic-adenosine (c-AMP) . A comparison of the values in each time group during the whole course of the experiments shows a significant increase (P < 0.03, P < 0.01) in PT and PTT at 72, 144, 216 and 264 h. Significant increase (P < 0.01) in c-AMP plasma levels were observed at 144, 216 and 264 h. All these values returned to normal levels after 360 h.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Cattle/physiology , Clenbuterol/pharmacology , Cyclic AMP/blood , Animals , Blood Coagulation/physiology , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Platelet Count/veterinary , Prothrombin Time/veterinary , Thrombin Time/veterinary , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/veterinary , Animals , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dogs , Male , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/complications , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/veterinaryABSTRACT
The authors describe the aetiology, diffusion and prevalence, life cycle of the parasite, pathogenesis, histopathological lesions, clinical picture, diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and prophylaxis of lungworm disease. This parasitic disease is observed in cats worldwide but has a fairly variable incidence and is not always easy to diagnose.