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1.
J Mol Cell Cardiol ; 130: 59-64, 2019 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30885747

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular heart defect resulting from abnormal aortic cusp formation during heart development, where two of the three normal and equal sized cusps fuse into a single large cusp resulting in a two cusps aortic valve. Over the past years, much interest has been given in understanding the pathogenesis of BAV and its complications. In this review, we focused on the role of inflammation, involved in the degeneration of BAV and the development of its complications. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION: From a pathophysiological point of view, BAV may rapidly progress into aortic stenosis (AS) and is related to aortopathy. Several histopathologic studies have demonstrated that the development and progression of alterations in bicuspid aortic valve are related to an active process that includes: oxidative stress, shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, disorganized tissue architecture, inflammatory cells and cytokines. These factors are closely related one to each other, constituting the basis of the structural and functional alterations of the BAV. CONCLUSION: Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the degeneration of BAV. Severe aortic stenosis in bicuspid aortic valves is associated with a more aggressive inflammatory process, increased inflammatory cells infiltration and neovascularization when compared to tricuspid AS. These findings might help to explain the more frequent onset and rapid progression of AS and the heavy aortic valve calcification seen in patients with BAV.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/pathology , Calcinosis , Heart Defects, Congenital , Heart Valve Diseases , Aortic Valve/metabolism , Aortic Valve/physiopathology , Aortic Valve Stenosis/metabolism , Aortic Valve Stenosis/pathology , Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease , Calcinosis/metabolism , Calcinosis/pathology , Calcinosis/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism , Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Valve Diseases/metabolism , Heart Valve Diseases/pathology , Heart Valve Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Inflammation/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
2.
Minerva Med ; 71(44): 3229-34, 1980 Nov 10.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6256688

ABSTRACT

The cases of two patients with radio-opaque residues of contrast medium (Thorotrast) in the abdomen, at the level of the liver, the spleen and certain lymph node groups of the hepatic hilum and the pancreas are reported. In one of the two patients (both of whom had undergone examination with this contrast medium in the '40s) necropsy showed the existence of cholangiocarcinoma. It is therefore considered useful to recall the X-ray signs typical of this pathology, which is dying out after the abandonment of thorium dioxide as an X-ray contrast medium.


Subject(s)
Adenoma, Bile Duct/chemically induced , Bile Duct Neoplasms/chemically induced , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Splenic Diseases/chemically induced , Thorium Dioxide/adverse effects , Aged , Angiography/adverse effects , Atrophy , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Male , Pancreatic Neoplasms/secondary , Urography/adverse effects
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