ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neospora caninum is protozoan parasitic disease now described as the major cause of abortion and other reproductive issues. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in cattle breeds of the Sistan region, southeastern border area of Iran. METHODS: Using an ELISA kit (ID.VET, France), the antibodies against N. caninum in cattle of Sistan was evaluated in 2016. Overall, 184 blood samples from apparently healthy cattle in the eastern border area of Iran Sistan were collected for assessment of antibodies against N. caninum. The values greater than or equal to 50%, were considered positive based on manufacture's manual for ELASA kit. RESULTS: 3.8% of 184 cattle have antibody against N. caninum. Chi-square test showed that the seroprevalence among Holsteins, Sistan and cross-breed was 9.4%, 0%, and 4.3%, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the breeds (P>0.05). The seroprevalence was decreased as the age of cow increased and there is no significant difference between the prevalence of N. caninum and different city area. No statistically significant relationship between the seroprevalence of N. caninum and history of abortion, lactation number and infertility was observed. Although there was no significant difference between the cattle breeds of the Sistan region all the Sistani cows were negative for the antibody against N. caninum. CONCLUSION: Infection rate with N. caninum in bovine population in Sistan region is very low. Environmental and management factors are the major causes, which influence the regional prevalence.
ABSTRACT
An electrochemical sensor for adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) detection was prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of ADV on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nitride. The electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. The performance was optimized by response surface methodology. The changes in differential pulse voltammetric peak currents of the redox probe, ferricyanide, were linear to ADV concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 9.9 µmol L-1, with the detection limit of 0.05 µmol L-1 (S/N = 3). The sensor was applied to the determination of ADV in drug formulations, human serum and urine samples. It is selective due to the use of an imprinted material, well reproducible, long-term stable, and regenerable. Graphical abstract By merging the unique properties of carbon nitride with intrinsic properties of MWCNTs, and molecularly imprinted polymers, a novel electrochemical sensor with selective binding sites was prepared for determination of adefovir dipivoxil in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Subject(s)
Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Nitriles/chemistry , Organophosphonates/analysis , Phenylenediamines/chemistry , Adenine/analysis , Adenine/blood , Adenine/urine , Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation , Electrodes , Humans , Limit of Detection , Molecular Imprinting , Organophosphonates/blood , Organophosphonates/urine , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Background Malignant pleural effusion continues to be a common problem in patients with metastatic disease. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of bleomycin pleurodesis with povidone-iodine pleurodesis through a chest drain as palliative treatment for recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Methods Sixty cancer patients (36 males and 24 females) with recurrent malignant pleural effusion were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial. Thirty patients received povidone-iodine pleurodesis and 30 received bleomycin pleurodesis. Age, sex, side of the primary pathology, treatment outcome (recurrence and relapse time), and complications were analyzed. Results The mean age was 59.63 ± 7.68 years in the povidone-iodine group and 57.97 ± 9.27 years in the bleomycin group ( p = 0.452). The complications were identical in both groups: 2 (6.7%) patients had chest pain, 2 (6.7%) had fever, and one (3.3%) had hypotension. There was a good response to therapy in 20 (66.7%) patients in the bleomycin group and 25 (83.3%) in the povidone-iodine group ( p = 0.136). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that povidone-iodine should be considered as a selective chemical agent to perform pleurodesis in patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion because it has the same effect but costs less than bleomycin.
