Energy and Macronutrients Intake in Indoor Sport Team Athletes: Systematic Review.

Indoor team sports are characterized by matches that are shorter in duration and with frequent substitution (high-intensity intermittent). The main goal of teams is to best cover athletes' physiological demands, while meeting their dietary intake needs is critical. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the dietary intake of indoor team sports athletes and to analyze whether they comply with nutritional recommendations. A search of PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2008 to July 2022 was conducted and 2727 documents were identified. The studies focused on adult professional or semi-professional volleyball, basketball, handball, or futsal athletes. Two independent researchers screened and extracted the data, with 20 documents included after they met the inclusion criteria. Most of the athletes, both men and women, did not meet the official recommendations based on under-consumption (energy and carbohydrates) or over-consumption (fats). In relation to protein, 28.6% of studies met the recommendations, with 50% of those who did not meet it being due to under-consumption. Although there are references on athletes' dietary intakes, there are no references considering sexes or types of sport. More adapted recommendations are needed in order to more precisely evaluate athletes' intake to know if they meet their real nutritional requirements.

Assessment of Spanish Food Consumption Patterns during COVID-19 Home Confinement.

People's eating habits and lifestyle can have a negative impact on health. In situations of difficulty or socioeconomic crisis, these habits tend to be modified, leading to unhealthy dietary patterns that result in an increase of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Previous studies have indicated that, due to the state of alarm imposed in Spain to combat the spread of COVID-19, an increase in the purchase of non-core products occurred, along with a decrease in the daily physical activity of the population. This could be a risk factor for COVID-19 infection. The objective of this observational study was to analyze the dietary pattern of the Spanish population during home confinement and to compare it with the pattern of habitual consumption collected in the last National Health Survey, analyzing the possible changes. More than half of the respondents in the sample increased their consumption of sweets and snacks during confinement, while the consumption of fresh products decreased. Most claimed to be emotionally hungry, leading to an increase in their daily energy intake. The stress and anxiety generated by confinement could be the cause of the increased consumption of products rich in sugars and saturated fats, which are associated with greater stress and anxiety.

Development of a Sport Food Exchange List for Dietetic Practice in Sport Nutrition.

Food exchange lists have been widely used in dietary practice in health and disease situations, but there are still no exchange lists for sports foods. The aim of this study was to apply a previous published methodology to design food exchange lists to the development of a sports food exchange list, with sport products available in Spain. A cross-sectional study of the nutritional composition of sports foods, regarding macronutrients and energy, was carried out. A total of 322 sports foods from 18 companies were selected, taking into account their interest in sports practice and with nutritional data provided by companies. Sports foods were divided into seven groups: sports drinks; sports gels; sports bars; sports confectionery; protein powders; protein bars; and liquid meals. A sports food composition database based on portion size usually consumed by athletes and/or recommended in commercial packaging was created. Within each sports foods group, different subgroups were defined due to differences in the main and/or secondary macronutrient. The definition of each exchange list with the amounts-in grams-of each sports food within each group and subgroup, was done using statistical criteria such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and Z value. Final exchange values for energy and macronutrient have been established for each group and subgroup using a methodology to design food exchange lists previously published by the authors. In addition, those products with high Z values that can provide greater variability in dietary planning were included. The usefulness of sport foods lists as well as the use of an exchange system in the dietary practice of sports nutrition is discussed, and examples of how to use them with athletes are presented. This first sport foods exchange list showed in this study, with commercial sports products available in Spain, can be a novel tool for dietetic practice and also can allow sport nutrition professionals to develop another sport food list using the methodology described in this paper. Its management would allow dietitians to adapt dietary plans more precisely to the training and/or competition of the athlete.

Nutritional Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Institutionalized Adults with Cerebral Palsy.

Background and Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a set of permanent disorders that limit physical activity and increase the risk of developing other diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MS). Adequate nutrition can contribute to the prevention of associated symptoms. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels between IV and V. Materials and Methods: A sample of 41 adults with CP and GMFCS levels from IV to V were studied. The variables used in the study were age, sex, weight, height, mean age, and GMFCS level range. To evaluate nutritional status, body mass index and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), a nutritional screening tool, were used. To assess cardiometabolic risk, data on obesity, central obesity, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected. Results: More than 80% of the population studied was malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, according to the MNA tool classification ranges, and around 35% of the studied population was within the underweight range. Regarding cardiometabolic risk factors, only one adult with CP was diagnosed with MS. Conclusions: The studied population of adults with CP and GMFCS levels between IV and V is not a population at risk of MS; however, the high prevalence of malnutrition, as well as some of the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, should be taken into consideration.

Influence of economic crisis on dietary quality and obesity rates.

The objective was to investigate how socio-economic changes have modified body mass index values and dietary patterns in the Spanish population. A comparative cross-sectional analysis of the last two iterations of the Spanish National Health Survey (SNSH) was done. The independent variables were sex, age, education level, employment situation, and social class. Outcome variables were: poor diet quality and obesity. Economic crisis increases the probability to become obese and to have a poor diet and employment situation is the variable that showed the greatest differences between years. While in 2006 to be unemployed did not represent a risk to have a poor diet [odds ratio (OR): 0.74; p<.005], in 2012 it did (OR: 1.27; p<.005). Economic changes can modify diet quality and nutritional status, increasing the risk to have a poor diet or to be obese.

[Analysis of the promoting actions of physical activity developed by Valencian public universities]. / Análisis de las acciones de promoción de la actividad física desarrolladas por las universidades públicas valencianas.

BACKGROUND: the Valencian Network of Healthy Public Universities (RVUPS) is part of the healthy environments of the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of the network is to achieve healthier universities through different lines of action, emphasizing the promotion of physical activity and sports. AIM: the purpose of this study was to analyze and review the activities developed by the RVUPS on the promotion of FA and to assess, through key informants, the need to implement an AF service within the university context. METHODS: on the one hand, an analysis and review of the activities and services developed to promote FA and sports that are included in the "Healthy University" section of each of the universities that make up the RVUPS (n = 5) was carried out. In addition, a qualitative study was developed interviewing key informants from the University of Alicante (n = 16), with the aim to know their perception about the utility of implementing a physical activity service within the university context. RESULTS: currently, Valencian universities do not cover all the needs to achieve an adequate well-being state. In response, some universities from RVUPS offer individualized activities to prevent and treat some of the chronic pathologies that currently have a highest incidence in population. In addition, new services are being implemented, which integrate all health professionals in order to achieve a more comprehensive service to their population. The qualitative study revealed that interviewees also perceive such needs and, therefore, support these initiatives, considering that a physical activity and nutrition service would be an interesting option for implementation into universities. CONCLUSION: it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of the practice of physical activity within university population, through healthy breaks, and also with the implementation of a back pain prevention and rehabilitation service. The integration of physical activity and nutrition services could affect the improvement of the health of the university population, and would increase the physical practice, carrying out an assessment of physical fitness and a proper prescription of exercise, according to the personal health conditions of each member of the university population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la Red Valenciana de Universidades Públicas Saludables (RVUPS) se enmarca en los entornos saludables de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Su objetivo es conseguir universidades más saludables a través de diferentes líneas de actuación, destacando entre ellas la de la promoción de la actividad física (AF) y el deporte. OBJETIVO: este estudio tiene por objeto analizar y revisar las actividades desarrolladas por la RVUPS sobre promoción de la AF y valorar mediante informadores clave la necesidad de implantar un servicio de AF dentro del ámbito universitario. MÉTODOS: por una parte, se realizó un análisis y estudio de las actividades y servicios que se desarrollan para promocionar la AF y el deporte y que están incluidos en la sección de "Universidad Saludable" de cada una de las universidades que conforman la RVUPS (n = 5). Además, se realizó por otra parte un estudio cualitativo a informadores clave de la Universidad de Alicante (n = 16) para conocer la percepción de cada uno de ellos sobre la utilidad de implantar un servicio de actividad física dentro del ámbito universitario. RESULTADOS: actualmente, las universidades valencianas no cubren todas las necesidades para alcanzar un adecuado estado de bienestar. Como respuesta, algunas universidades ofrecen actividades individualizadas para prevenir y tratar alguna de las patologías que mayor incidencia tienen en la actualidad. Además, se están implantando nuevos servicios que integran a todos los profesionales de la salud a fin de conseguir un servicio más completo e integral a su comunidad. El estudio cualitativo reveló que entrevistados también perciben tales necesidades y, por tanto, apoyan estas iniciativas, considerando que un servicio de AF y nutrición sería una interesante opción de implantación en las universidades. CONCLUSIONES: es necesario reforzar el fomento de la práctica de AF dentro de la comunidad universitaria, a través de pautas saludables y con la implantación de un servicio de prevención del dolor de espalda. La integración de servicios de AF y nutrición podría incidir en la mejora de la salud de la comunidad universitaria, a la vez que aumentaría la práctica de AF, realizando una valoración de la condición física y una prescripción de ejercicio físico acorde a las condiciones de salud de cada persona.

Análisis de las acciones de promoción de la actividad física desarrolladas por las universidades públicas valencianas / Analysis of the promoting actions of physical activity developed by Valencian public universities

Introducción: la Red Valenciana de Universidades Públicas Saludables (RVUPS) se enmarca en los entornos saludables de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Su objetivo es conseguir universidades más saludables a través de diferentes líneas de actuación, destacando entre ellas la de la promoción de la actividad física (AF) y el deporte. Objetivo: este estudio tiene por objeto analizar y revisar las actividades desarrolladas por la RVUPS sobre promoción de la AF y valorar mediante informadores clave la necesidad de implantar un servicio de AF dentro del ámbito universitario. Métodos: por una parte, se realizó un análisis y estudio de las actividades y servicios que se desarrollan para promocionar la AF y el deporte y que están incluidos en la sección de "Universidad Saludable" de cada una de las universidades que conforman la RVUPS (n = 5). Además, se realizó por otra parte un estudio cualitativo a informadores clave de la Universidad de Alicante (n = 16) para conocer la percepción de cada uno de ellos sobre la utilidad de implantar un servicio de actividad física dentro del ámbito universitario. Resultados: actualmente, las universidades valencianas no cubren todas las necesidades para alcanzar un adecuado estado de bienestar. Como respuesta, algunas universidades ofrecen actividades individualizadas para prevenir y tratar alguna de las patologías que mayor incidencia tienen en la actualidad. Además, se están implantando nuevos servicios que integran a todos los profesionales de la salud a fin de conseguir un servicio más completo e integral a su comunidad. El estudio cualitativo reveló que entrevistados también perciben tales necesidades y, por tanto, apoyan estas iniciativas, considerando que un servicio de AF y nutrición sería una interesante opción de implantación en las universidades. Conclusiones: es necesario reforzar el fomento de la práctica de AF dentro de la comunidad universitaria, a través de pautas saludables y con la implantación de un servicio de prevención del dolor de espalda. La integración de servicios de AF y nutrición podría incidir en la mejora de la salud de la comunidad universitaria, a la vez que aumentaría la práctica de AF, realizando una valoración de la condición física y una prescripción de ejercicio físico acorde a las condiciones de salud de cada persona

Background: the Valencian Network of Healthy Public Universities (RVUPS) is part of the healthy environments of the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of the network is to achieve healthier universities through different lines of action, emphasizing the promotion of physical activity and sports. Aim: the purpose of this study was to analyze and review the activities developed by the RVUPS on the promotion of FA and to assess, through key informants, the need to implement an AF service within the university context. Methods: on the one hand, an analysis and review of the activities and services developed to promote FA and sports that are included in the "Healthy University" section of each of the universities that make up the RVUPS (n = 5) was carried out. In addition, a qualitative study was developed interviewing key informants from the University of Alicante (n = 16), with the aim to know their perception about the utility of implementing a physical activity service within the university context. Results: currently, Valencian universities do not cover all the needs to achieve an adequate well-being state. In response, some universities from RVUPS offer individualized activities to prevent and treat some of the chronic pathologies that currently have a highest incidence in population. In addition, new services are being implemented, which integrate all health professionals in order to achieve a more comprehensive service to their population. The qualitative study revealed that interviewees also perceive such needs and, therefore, support these initiatives, considering that a physical activity and nutrition service would be an interesting option for implementation into universities. Conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of the practice of physical activity within university population, through healthy breaks, and also with the implementation of a back pain prevention and rehabilitation service. The integration of physical activity and nutrition services could affect the improvement of the health of the university population, and would increase the physical practice, carrying out an assessment of physical fitness and a proper prescription of exercise, according to the personal health conditions of each member of the university population