ABSTRACT
The specificity of dairy Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) products is related to their "terroir" of production. This relationship needs better understanding for efficient and sustainable productions preserving the agroecological equilibrium of agroecosystems, especially grasslands. Specificity of PDO Comté cheese was related to the diversity of natural raw milk bacterial communities, but their sources need to be determined. It is hypothesized that raw milk indigenous microbial communities may originate from permanent grazed grasslands by the intermediate of dairy cows according to the sequence soil-phyllosphere-teat-milk. This hypothesis was evaluated on a 44 dairy farms network across PDO Comté cheese area by characterizing prokaryotic and fungal communities of these compartments by metabarcoding analysis (16S rRNA gene: V3-V4 region, 18S rRNA gene: V7-V8 region). Strong and significant links were highlighted between the four compartments through a network analysis (0.34 < r < 0.58), and were modulated by soil pH, plant diversity and elevation; but also by farming practices: organic fertilization levels, cattle intensity and cow-teat care. This causal relationship suggests that microbial diversity of agroecosystems is a key player in relating a PDO product to its "terroir"; this under the dependency of farming practices. Altogether, this makes the "terroir" even more local and needs to be considered for production sustainability.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Ophthalmology/education , Periodicals as Topic , Humans , PublishingSubject(s)
Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Mutation , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics , Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics , Female , Humans , Lenalidomide , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Thalidomide/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A soil microcosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of copper contamination on the dynamics and diversity of bacterial communities actively involved in wheat residue decomposition. In the presence of copper, a higher level of CO(2) release was observed, which did not arise from greater wheat decomposition but from a higher level of stimulation of soil organic matter mineralization (known as the priming effect). Such functional modifications may be related to significant modifications in the diversity of active bacterial populations characterized using the DNA stable-isotope probing approach.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/drug effects , Biodiversity , Carbon/metabolism , Copper/toxicity , Soil Microbiology , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Triticum/metabolism , Bacteria/genetics , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Isotopes/metabolismSubject(s)
Diet/trends , Health Behavior , Health Status , Nutritional Status , Energy Intake , Europe , Female , Food Supply , Humans , Infant , Male , Nutrition Surveys , Sex Factors , Young AdultSubject(s)
Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Health Status , Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Diet , Diet Surveys , European Union , Female , Food Supply/economics , Health Status Indicators , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Oxygen infusion is used in complementary medicine for treatment of peripheral occlusive arterial disease. The mechanism of action is unknown. Thus, we determined the effects of oxygen infusion on prostacyclin, thromboxane and nitric oxide synthesis. Twelve patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease received oxygen 40 ml/d intravenously for 3 weeks. Study parameters, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on day 1, 3, 10, 16, 21: 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF(1alpha), colour invisible 2,3-dinor-TXB2 and nitrate in one-hour-urine before and after oxygen infusion, reflecting prostacyclin, thromboxane and nitric oxide synthesis. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha, indicating oxidative stress, was assessed in one patient. Urinary 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1alpha rose from baseline more than 4-fold after oxygen infusion. In contrast, urinary 2,3-dinor-TXB2 excretion remained unchanged. Oxygen infusion had no effect on urinary nitrate excretion. Urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) was not influenced by oxygen infusion with and without diclofenac pretreatment. Our data demonstrate a shift of the prostacyclin/thromboxane ratio toward prostacyclin by oxygen infusion. Thus, a mechanism of action is provided and clinical trials with intravenous oxygen find a rational basis.