ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Curcumin is a naturally occurring compound that has antioxidant properties, acts as a hepatoprotective, and lowers lipid peroxidation. However, curcumin's low solubility and bioavailability are its primary drawbacks and prevent its use as a therapeutic agent. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles will be created using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and their effectiveness against paracetamol-induced changes in ALT, AST, SOD, MDA, and TNF-α will be compared to that of pure curcumin. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin nanoparticles in paracetamol- induced rats as a model for liver injury. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 6 to 8 weeks, with a minimum weight of 120 grams, were used in an experimental laboratory investigation with a post-test-only group design. Rats in each group received 100 mg/kgBW pure curcumin, 100 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles, and 50 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles for 7 days before paracetamol induction. On day 8, 300 mg/kgBW of paracetamol was intraperitoneally injected to cause liver damage. One of the groups received NAC as an antidote 10 hours after paracetamol induction. Detection of ALT and AST using a Chemistry Analyzer. ELISA approach for the detection of SOD, MDA, and TNF-α. The Roenigk score was calculated by two examiners after the liver histopathology preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Post hoc analyses were performed after the One Way Annova and Kruskal Wallis tests to examine the data. RESULTS: According to PSA results, the smallest formula that formed curcumin nanoparticles (10.2 nm) was 8 g of curcumin formula mixed with a mixture of Tween 20 4.5 ml, Kolliphor EL 1.5 ml, Propylene Glycol 1.5 ml, and Capryol 90 1 ml for 21 minutes using an ultrasonic process. MDA and TNF-α levels, as well as the liver's histological Roenigk score, were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB pure curcumin group (C100) when compared to the model group (model). The levels of AST, MDA, TNF-α, and the liver histopathology score were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB (NC100) and 50 mg/kgBB (NC50) curcumin nanoparticle groups compared to the model group (model) and pure curcumin group (C100) (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Curcumin nanoparticles showed better hepatoprotective ability than pure curcumin.
Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic , Curcumin , Nanoparticles , Rats , Male , Animals , Rats, Wistar , Acetaminophen , Curcumin/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/drug therapy , Superoxide DismutaseABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: and importance: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare and potentially lethal ocular tumor. As with any oncologic disease, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of CM is paramount to limit morbidity and increase life expectancy. However, patients with severe mental disability with social isolation are usually presented in late-stage disease. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents a case of a 55-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenic man with an extraordinarily large CM due to neglect. The patient suffered from complete left eye blindness with no clinical and radiological evidence of metastasis. CLINICAL DICUSSION: Clinicians must bear in mind the limited patient compliance and family support of mentally-ill patients that restricts treatment modalities that would have otherwise been applicable for cooperative patients. The importance multidisciplinary approach, choosing the simpler but effective surgical technique should be prioritized. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Left exenteration and tumor wide excision was performed. The left orbital defect was reconstructed using forehead flap and split-thickness skin graft (STSG). The uncooperative nature of the patient posed early post-operative challenges that necessitates subsequent operation to drain seroma. The patient was discharged 16-days after operation with acceptable cosmetic and clinical results. However, the patient failed to return to the clinic for longer post-operative evaluation. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to treat complex cases such as this report. Surgeons are advised to adopt simpler surgical approach that will require minimal self-care and should encourage family members to continuously support the patient.
ABSTRACT
Objective To prove the molecular mechanisms of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) in suppressing proliferation of human retinoblastoma cells through suppression of cell cycle's gene-regulators expression. Methods In this study, the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor effect of fractioned extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (DLBS1425) in human retinoblastoma cells Y-79 was investigated by measuring the tumor cells viability, the assessment of population profiles of tumor cells in the cell cycle, and the mRNA concentration of p16, p21, p53, cyclin D, cyclin E, and E2F. Results DLBS1425 showed an inhibition effects towards proliferation of Y-79 cell line. Inhibition of proliferation was shown by suppression of cell cycle progression. DLBS1425 downregulated cyclin E, a G1 phase regulator gene of cell cycle, in dose-dependent manner without affecting p53–p21 pathway. In the other word, DLBS1425 inhibits cell proliferation through suppression of cyclin E independently towards conventional proliferation pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that DLBS1425 is a potential anticancer agent which targets genes involved in cell proliferation in human retinoblastoma cells which make it pharmacologically ideal for the prevention and/or treatment of retinoblastoma cancer.
