Rate-induced tracking for concave or d-concave transitions in a time-dependent environment with application in ecology.

This paper investigates biological models that represent the transition equation from a system in the past to a system in the future. It is shown that finite-time Lyapunov exponents calculated along a locally pullback attractive solution are efficient indicators (early-warning signals) of the presence of a tipping point. Precise time-dependent transitions with concave or d-concave variation in the state variable giving rise to scenarios of rate-induced tracking are shown. They are classified depending on the internal dynamics of the set of bounded solutions. Based on this classification, some representative features of these models are investigated by means of a careful numerical analysis.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos y emergentes en escolares asturianos / Classic and emergent cardiovascular risk factors in schoolchildren in Asturias

Introducción: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos son detectables en la infancia. La proteína C reactiva ultrasensible, la leptina y la adiponectina constituyen los factores de riesgo cardiovascular inflamatorio más importantes. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Se seleccionó a alumnos de entre 6 y 12 años de dos colegios de la ciudad de Avilés. Se determinaron datos somatométricos y de prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso. Asimismo, se determinaron la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y la presencia de síndrome metabólico. El nivel de ingresos familiares, los hábitos alimentarios y de estilo de vida se calcularon mediante las encuestas GRAFFAR, KIDMED y Self Report Instrument of Measuring Physical Activity, respectivamente. Analíticamente se determinaron el perfil lipídico, de insulinorresistencia, hepático, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible, leptina y adiponectina. Resultados: Se incluyó a 459 alumnos. El 31% presentaba sobrepeso y un 10,9% obesidad. Los individuos obesos presentaron valores más elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, presión arterial, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible y leptina, y más bajos de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad y apolipoproteína A que los no obesos. No se observaron diferencias en las actividades físicas y sedentarias; por el contrario, los obesos siguieron una dieta de peor calidad que los no obesos. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso está alcanzando valores preocupantes en escolares. La obesidad se asocia de forma consistente a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos y emergentes. Los escolares obesos presentan peor calidad en su alimentación aunque no realizan menos actividades físicas ni más actividades sedentarias que sus compañeros no obesos (AU)

Introduction: Classic cardiovascular risk factors are present in infancy. C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponect in are the most important inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers. Patients and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study, including children aged 6-12 years old from two local primary schools in the city of Avilés. Body measurements were made to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and the presence of metabolic syndrome was determined. Family income, dietary, and life-style habits were collected using the questionnaires GRAFFAR, KIDMED and Self-report instruments for measuring physical activity, respectively. Blood analysis included lipid profile, insulin resistance profile, liver profile, C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponectin. Results: A total of 459 schoolchildren were included of whom 31% were overweight and 10.9%were obese. Obese children were heavier with higher levels of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, C- reactive protein, leptin, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A than non-obese children. No differences were found in physical and sedentary activities, but obese children had a worse quality diet than non-obese children. Conclusions: Prevalence of obesity and overweight is reaching worrying levels in school age children. Obesity is associated with other classic and inflammatory cardiovascular risk factors. Obese children have a worse quality diet, although they do not do any less physical activities or any more sedentary than non-obese children (AU)

[Classic and emergent cardiovascular risk factors in schoolchildren in Asturias]. / Factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos y emergentes en escolares asturianos.

INTRODUCTION: Classic cardiovascular risk factors are present in infancy. C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponectin are the most important inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study, including children aged 6-12 years old from two local primary schools in the city of Avilés. Body measurements were made to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and the presence of metabolic syndrome was determined. Family income, dietary, and life-style habits were collected using the questionnaires GRAFFAR, KIDMED and Self-report instruments for measuring physical activity, respectively. Blood analysis included lipid profile, insulin resistance profile, liver profile, C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponectin. RESULTS: A total of 459 schoolchildren were included of whom 31% were overweight and 10.9% were obese. Obese children were heavier with higher levels of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, C- reactive protein, leptin, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A than non-obese children. No differences were found in physical and sedentary activities, but obese children had a worse quality diet than non-obese children. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity and overweight is reaching worrying levels in school age children. Obesity is associated with other classic and inflammatory cardiovascular risk factors. Obese children have a worse quality diet, although they do not do any less physical activities or any more sedentary than non-obese children.

[Serum cortisol concentrations in acute non-critical ill patients, measured in three periods of the day]. / Concentración sérica de cortisol en tres franjas horarias en pacientes con enfermedad aguda no crítica.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of serum cortisol concentrations in patients with appropriate adrenocortical function and acute non-critical illness, in three periods of the day (11.30-15.00; 15.00-18.30; 18.30-22.00). PATIENTS AND METHOD: One hundred and thirteen patients(40, 38 and 35, respectively) were evaluated at the Emergency Department. Every patient had a definite diagnosis. RESULTS: In each period, minimum and mean serum cortisol concentrations were:8-8-8 microg/dl(220,8-220,8-220,8 nmol/l) and 27,8-24,1-29,3 microg/dl (767,3-665,2-808,7 nmol/l). No statistically significant differences were found between period means. A quarter of patients did not show serum cortisol concentrations >= 18 microg/dl (496,8 nmol/l). CONCLUSIONS: Inpatients with acute disease, a random cortisol concentration below 8 microg/dL (220,8 nmol/L) is a strong presumptive evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency.