Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, E-cadherin, and CD45 in natural cases of canine cutaneous round tumors.

Round cell tumors are common cutaneous lesions in dogs, with increased occurrence percentages among different skin tumors. This study aimed to investigate the frequency as well as gross and pathological characteristics of round cell tumors in natural cases of tumorous dogs in relation to breed, sex, and age. Moreover, it aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of a panel of immunohistochemical stains, including vimentin, E-cadherin, and cluster of differentiation (CD45) as an adjunct technique for the differential diagnosis of cutaneous round cell neoplasm. Data were collected from 64 dogs of both sexes (36 females and 28 males), various breeds, and different ages (8 months to 7 years). The histopathological nature of neoplastic growth was reported, and neoplasm prevalence was classified using age, sex, breed, and site on the body. We observed 48 cases of transmissible venereal tumors, 12 cutaneous histiocytomas, and 4 histiocytic sarcoma. Immunohistochemical characterization revealed an intense positive immunoreactivity for vimentin in transmissible venereal tumor cells and moderate positive immunoreactivity for E-cadherin and CD45 in cutaneous histiocytoma and histiocytic sarcoma cells. In conclusion, the canine transmissible venereal tumor was the most frequent form of round cell tumor; thus, a definitive cutaneous neoplasm diagnosis should be based on histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical findings.

Não adesão à terapia medicamentosa: da teoria a prática clínica / Non-adherence to drug therapy: from theory toclinical practice

O objetivo da presente revisão é apresentar de forma clara e acessível os conceitos-chave para compreensão, identificação e manejo da não adesão ao tratamento farmacológico, aplicados à realidade brasileira. Para isso conduziu-se busca por artigos científicos nas bases Scielo, Scopus e PubMed. Os artigos identificados foram selecionados por revisores independentes observando as etapas de uma revisão integrativa com síntese qualitativa dos dados. Existem diferentes termos para definir o grau em que o comportamento do paciente corresponde às orientações de saúde. As conseqüências de tal comportamento representam um importante preditor de desfechos clínicos negativos, como o aumento de mortalidade, internações e custos com saúde, e é determinado por múltiplas dimensões. Condições relacionadas a fatores socioeconômicos, a características do sistema e equipe de saúde, ao paciente, a doença e ao tratamento são condicionantes da não adesão, que pode ser intencional ou não intencional. Sua mensuração pode ser feita por métodos diretos, indiretos ou pela combinação destes de acordo com o enfoque desejado. A construção de práticas profissionais e rotinas nos serviços de saúde que sejam capazes de identificar a não adesão, rastrear seus determinantes individuais e construir estratégias de intervenção e suporte são fundamentais para o manejo desta condição, aumento da resolutividade dos serviços e, assim, da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

The aim of this review is to discuss in a clear andaccessible way the key concepts for the understandingand management of non-adherence to pharmacologicaltreatment, in the Brazilian context. To this end, a searchwas conducted among scientific articles publishedin Scopus, Scielo and PubMed. Papers were selectedand analyzed by independent reviewers, following thestages of an integrative review involving qualitativeinterpretation of records. Various terms are usedcurrently to define the degree of correspondencebetween a patient?s behavior and the medical advicereceived. Non-adherence is determined by multipledimensions and represents an important predictor ofadverse clinical outcomes, such as increased mortality,hospitalization and health care cost. Living conditionsrelated to socioeconomic factors, characteristics of thehealth system and health care professionals in relationto the patient, the disease and its treatment can all playa part in non-adherence, which may be intentional orunintentional. It can be measured by direct, indirect ormixed methods, according to the type of enquiry. Thedevelopment of professional practices and routines in thehealth services, capable of identifying non-adherence,tracing its individual causes and building interventionand support strategies, is basic to the management ofthis situation and improvement of the services providedand patients? quality of life.

Resistance to rust ( Puccinia psidii Winter) in eucalyptus: mode of inheritance and mapping of a major gene with RAPD markers.

Rust is one of the most-damaging eucalypt diseases in Brazil and is considered a potential threat to eucalypt plantations worldwide. To determine the mode of inheritance of resistance in the Eucalyptus grandis- Puccinia psidii pathosystem, ten full-sib families, generated from crosses between susceptible and resistant trees, were inoculated with a single-pustule isolate of the pathogen and rust severity was scored. The observed segregation ratios in segregating families suggested major gene control of rust resistance, although clearly incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity and minor genes are also involved in the global rust-resistance response. To identify markers linked to the resistance locus, screening of RAPD polymorphisms was conducted using bulked segregant analysis in a large full-sib family. A linkage group was built around the Ppr1 gene ( P. psidii resistance gene 1) encompassing six RAPD markers, with a genetic window spanning 5 cM with the two most-closely linked flanking markers. Besides these two flanking markers, RAPD marker AT9/917 co-segregated with Ppr1 without a single recombinant in 994 meioses. This tightly linked marker should prove useful for marker-assisted introgression and will provide an initial lead for a positional cloning effort of this resistance allele. This is the first report of a disease resistance gene identified in Eucalyptus, and one of the few examples of the involvement of a major gene in a non-coevolved pathosystem.