ABSTRACT
Este artigo descreve o passo a passo e a sequência clínica de instalação do clipe sobre a barra de sobredentaduras, utilizando o sistema Straumann®.
This article describes step by step and the clinical installation sequence of a bar-clip overdenture, using the Straumann® Dental Implant System.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Implantation , Denture, Overlay , Surgical Instruments/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Este artigo descreve o passo a passo da execução do molde em sobredentaduras mandibulares, contemplando a reprodução da área basal com excelência e a transferência dos implantes com precisão.
This article describes the mandibular overdenture impression step by step, showing the optimal reproduction of the basal area and the precise implants transference.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Dental Impression Technique , Denture, Overlay , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
Este artigo descreve os passos para a utilização da filosofia da Técnica da Zona Neutra. Através dessa filosofia, procura-se localizar uma área, em boca, onde as forças geradas pela língua são neutralizadas pelas forças geradas pelos lábios e bochechas, estabilizando assim a prótese.
This article describes step-by-step the application of the Neutral Zone technique philosophy. It is based upon the concept that for each individual patient, there is within the denture space a specific area where the function of the musculature will not unseat the denture and where forces generated by the tongue are neutralized by the forces generated by the lips and cheeks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Dental Impression Technique , Dental Occlusion, Balanced , Denture Design/methods , Denture Retention , Denture, Complete, LowerABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding diagnostic accuracy of imaging techniques in detecting peri-implant bone defects. STUDY DESIGN: The search was performed in 8 electronic databases from April to May 2016 and updated in September 2016. Studies that assessed imaging techniques to detect peri-implant bone defects were analyzed. RESULTS: The search yielded 680 articles published from 1991 to 2016. Of these, 12 studies were considered eligible for this review. The selected studies evaluated the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), intraoral radiography (IR), computed tomography, and panoramic radiography. The sensitivity for CBCT was 59%, whereas the specificity was 67%. For IR, the sensitivity was 60%, and the specificity was 59%. Area under the curve values in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were 69% for CBCT and 63% for IR. For CBCT, the highest value for positive predictive value was 0.94, negative predictive value was 0.98, positive likelihood ratio was 21.3, and negative likelihood ratio was 1.28. For IR, the highest positive predictive value was 1.0, negative predictive value 1.0, positive likelihood ratio 50.0, and negative likelihood ratio 0.70. The highest diagnostic odds ratio was 80 for CBCT and 4.45 for IR. No conclusion could be drawn for additional techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Both CBCT and IR showed a clinically acceptable performance for assessing peri-implant bone defects.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Dental Implantation, Endosseous , Dental Implants , Peri-Implantitis/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Humans , Radiography, Dental, Digital , Radiography, Panoramic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Este artigo descreve a utilização de alginato e silicone de adição para a obtenção de moldes, preliminares e definitivos, em casos de moldagens de pacientes edêntulos.
This article describes the use of alginate and vinyl polysiloxane to obtain preliminar and functional impressions for edentulous patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Impression Materials , Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation , Dental Materials , Silicones/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Este artigo descreve a técnica de correção de um plano oclusal dentado, antagonista a uma prótese total, utilizando como base o plano de cera convencional. Esse procedimento é indispensável para favorecer a estabilidade das próteses durante os movimentos de desoclusão.
This article describes the alignment technique of a dentate occlusal plane, antagonistic to a complete denture, using wax rim as a reference. This procedure is essential in order to favor the stability of the prosthesis during excursive movements.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Prosthesis Design , Denture, Complete , Mouth Rehabilitation/methods , Prosthesis FittingABSTRACT
A confecção de uma Prótese Total Imediata é um procedimento complexo para os profissionais e estressante para o paciente. O presente artigo descreve a sequência clínica do planejamento à realização deste procedimento, com segurança e previsibilidade.
The fabrication of an Immediate Complete Denture is a complex procedure for the practitioners involved and a stressing situation for the patient. This article describes the clinical sequence for planning and performing this procedure with safety and predictability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Denture Design/methods , Denture, Complete, Immediate/statistics & numerical data , Esthetics, Dental , Mouth Rehabilitation , Prosthesis FittingABSTRACT
A resina composta pré-aquecida constitui uma excelente opção de material para cimentação de restaurações adesivas. Existe dúvida, porém, quanto à capacidade de fotopolimerização do material sob restaurações indiretas, como facetas, inlays e onlays. Para este estudo, foram seccionados 32 incisivos bovinos hígidos padronizados. Todos os dentes apresentavam 12 mm de comprimento e exposição da dentina coronária, sendo divididos em quatro grupos (n=8). De acordo com a espessura do bloco de resina composta (2 mm e 4 mm) e o agente cimentante utilizado (Z100 e RelyX ARC), foram classificados em quatro grupos. Os grupos RC2 e RC4 apresentavam blocos de 2 mm e 4 mm de espessura, respectivamente, e cimentação com resina composta préaquecida; os grupos CR2 e CR4 apresentavam blocos de 2 mm e 4 mm, respectivamente, e cimentação com cimento resinoso dual. Previamente à cimentação, os blocos foram jateados com partículas de 27 µm de óxido de alumínio a uma distância de 1 cm, com angulação de 45o e 80 psi de pressão. Posteriormente, foram condicionados com ácido fosfórico a 37% e foi aplicado o adesivo, sem fotoativação. Os dentes foram jateados, condicionados e tiveram o adesivo fotoativado. A cimentação foi realizada com resina composta (Z100) pré-aquecida (54ºC) em um dispositivo elétrico (Calset), para os grupos 1 e 2, e cimento resinoso dual (RelyX ARC), para os grupos 3 e 4. A fotopolimerização ocorreu com o auxílio de uma barreira lateral de silicone, a fim de permitir que a luz alcançasse o substrato apenas por meio da superfície oclusal do bloco. Foram realizados ciclos de 40 segundos de fotoativação nas porções mesial, distal, vestibular, palatal e central da porção superior do bloco. Os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada durante 30 dias em ambiente úmido e escuro. Cada espécime foi seccionado com o auxílio de uma máquina de corte (Isomet 1000) para obtenção de palitos de 1 mm2, que foram submetidos ao teste microtração. Os dados foram comparados pelo teste Mann-Whitney, e a comparação entre todos os grupos foi realizada pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a resistência de união à microtração nos grupos RC2 e RC4 (p=0,105), e entre os grupos CR2 e CR4 (p=0,061). Entretanto, houve diferença estatística entre CR2 e RC4 (p=0,031). Concluiu-se que a resina composta pré-aquecida como agente cimentante é tão eficiente quanto o cimento resinoso, independentemente da espessura da restauração indireta (até 4 mm).
Regular pre-heated composite resin is an excellent material choice for bonding adhesive restorations as inlays, onlays and veneers. However, it is unclear whether light can activate the material underneath the restorations. For this study, 32 healthy incisors were selected (12 mm in length) and with the exposure of coronary dentin. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=8), according to the thickness of the indirect composite resin restoration and to the cement used: groups 1 and 2 (RC2, RC4) blocks 2 mm and 4 mm thick cemented with pre-heated composite resin (Z100); groups 3 and 4 (CR2, CR4) blocks 2 mm and 4 mm and cementing with dual resin cement (RelyX ARC). Before luting, the blocks were sandblasted with Al2O3 27 mm particles (45-degrees, 1 cm distance, 80 psi), then etched with 37% phosphoric acid, being the adhesive agent applied but not activated. Teeth were sandblasted, etched and the adhesive agent was applied and activated. The Z100 composite resin was pre-heated (540C, Calset) for groups 1 and 2, and the RelyX ARC resin cement for groups 3 and 4. A silicone barrier was made to direct light polymerization at the occlusal surface (40s cycles at the mesial, distal, buccal, palatal, and middle of the upper block region). The specimens were stored in distilled water for 30 days, being sectioned for 1 mm2 microtensile test (Isomet 1000). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data comparison. No differences were seen for microtensile values between groups RC2 and RC4 (p=0.105), and between CR2 and CR4 (p=0.061). However, a significant difference was observed between CR2 and RC4 (p=0.031). The pre-heated composite resin as a luting agent is so efficient as the resin cement regardless of the thickness of the indirect restoration (up to 4 mm).
Subject(s)
Cattle , Cementation , Composite Resins , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Resin Cements , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
Applying the biomimetic principles, maximum preservation of the sound tooth structure may be achieved by means of adhesive restorations. Due to bonding, it is possible to conduct minimally invasive esthetic procedures with laminate veneers assuring a high mechanical resistance of the tooth/restoration bond. A clinical case of adhesive restorations is presented using the bonding protocol respecting the diversity of each product's commercial brands and manufacturer's recommendations.
Subject(s)
Ceramics , Dental Bonding/methods , Dental Veneers , Resin Cements , Acid Etching, Dental , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , Incisor , Male , Maxilla , Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic/methodsABSTRACT
Na confecção de uma prótese total superior, a delimitação correta do travamento posterior é uma responsabilidade do clínico. Para evidenciá-lo, esse deve basear-se em referências anatômicas e fatores fisiológicos individuais de cada paciente.
During the fabrication of a complete denture the practitioner is responsible for a proper postpalatal seal. Thus it must be based on anatomic structures and physiologic aspects of each patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Prosthesis Retention , Denture Retention , Denture, Complete, Upper , Mouth RehabilitationABSTRACT
To treat a patient with anterior crossbite, the clinician should first assess if it is a genuine class III or a pseudo-class III malocclusion. Cephalometric analysis is important; however, registering a patient's centric relation (CR) is simple, quick, and costless and can play a decisive role in a differential diagnosis for this type of patient profile. This clinical report depicts a patient clinically diagnosed as class III. After mandible manipulation in CR, it was noted that the patient in question was a pseudo-class III. The treatment was based on the pseudo-class III diagnosis. Therefore, the patient was rehabilitated by occlusal adjustments and conventional and implant-supported prostheses and without the need for invasive orthognathic surgery.
Subject(s)
Centric Relation , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/diagnosis , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Cephalometry , Humans , Male , Malocclusion/physiopathology , Malocclusion/rehabilitation , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/physiopathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/rehabilitation , Mandible/physiopathology , Maxilla/physiopathology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, apresentar a evolução da resina composta como material restaurador indireto. Para isso, foram selecionada bibliografia de 1991 a 2012. Diante dos artigos analisados, notou-se que a pós-polimerização das resinas compostas é um procedimento questionável. Já o cerômero e os blocos de Paradigm MZ100 são materiais superiores à resina composta direta e apresentam-se como alternativa viável ao uso das cerâmicas odontológicas em restaurações indiretas.
The aim of this study, by means of a literature review, is to present the evolution of the composite resin as an indirect restorative material. To this end, literatures of the years 1991 to 2012 were selected. After the articles analysis, it was noted that the post-polymerization of composite resins is a questionable procedure. On the other hand, ceromer and Paradigm MZ100 Books are superior materials when compared to the direct composite resin and present themselves as an alternative to the use of the dental ceramics in indirect restorations.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins , Dental Cements , Dental Materials , Dental Restoration, PermanentABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the fatigue resistance and failure mode of composite resin and porcelain onlays and crowns bonded to premolar custom metal-composite resin premolar implant abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty composite resin mesostructures were fabricated with computer assistance with two preparation designs (crown vs onlay) and bonded to a metal implant abutment. Following insertion into an implant with a tapered abutment interface (Titamax CM), each metal-composite resin abutment was restored with either composite resin (Paradigm MZ100) or ceramic (Paradigm C) (n = 15) and attached with adhesive resin (Optibond FL) and a preheated light-curing composite resin (Filtek Z100). Cyclic isometric chewing (5 Hz) was then simulated, starting with 5,000 cycles at a load of 50 N, followed by stages of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 N (25,000 cycles each). Samples were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 180,000 cycles. The four groups were compared using life table survival analysis (log-rank test). Previously published data using zirconia abutments of the same design were included for comparison. RESULTS: Paradigm C and MZ100 specimens fractured at average loads of 1,133 N and 1,266 N, respectively. Survival rates ranged from 20% to 33.3% (ceramic crowns and onlays) to 60% (composite resin crowns and onlays) and were significantly different (pooled data for restorative material). There were no restoration failures, but there were adhesive failures at the connection between the abutment and the mesostructure. The survival of the metal-composite resin premolar abutments was inferior to that of identical zirconia abutments from a previous study (pooled data for abutment material). CONCLUSIONS: Composite resin onlays/crowns bonded to metal-composite resin premolar implant abutments presented higher survival rates than comparable ceramic onlays/crowns. Zirconia abutments outperformed the metal-composite resin premolar abutments.
Subject(s)
Dental Abutments , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Restoration Failure , Resins, Synthetic/chemistry , Adhesives/adverse effects , Ceramics/chemistry , Crowns , Dental Abutments/adverse effects , Dental Implant-Abutment Design , Dental Stress Analysis , Metals/chemistry , Molar , Zirconium/chemistryABSTRACT
A construção de uma reabilitação harmoniosa e estética depende de conhecimentos técnicos do profissional e de seu entendimento do que é o belo por parte do portador da prótese total. Este artigo contempla estas duas abordagens conhecer o paciente e explorar referências faciais usando a criatividade na reabilitação com Prótese Total
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Beauty , Dental Prosthesis , Dental Prosthesis Design , Denture, Complete , Esthetics , Esthetics, Dental , SmilingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the shock absorbing capacity of implant-supported restorations (CAD/CAM composite resin or zirconia abutment with composite resin or porcelain crown/onlay) and a simulated natural tooth complex using the Periometer(®) . MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty Morse taper implants (Titamax CM 11 mm) were mounted on bone-simulating acrylic resin base and restored with CAD/CAM zirconia (60) and metal composite resin Paradigm MZ100 (60) abutments. Using CEREC3, standardized onlays (60) and crowns (60) were designed and milled in ceramic (Paradigm C) or composite resin (Paradigm MZ100) to simulate a maxillary premolar. All restorations were luted with a preheated light curing composite resin (Filtek Z100). Fifteen extracted human upper premolars were mounted with a simulated PDL and used as control group. The Periometer(®) , a new handheld percussion probe that measures the energy loss coefficient (LC) for both natural teeth and implant-supported structures, was positioned perpendicularly to the buccal surface of each restoration. Three measurements of the LC were collected for each specimen. The effect of each variable (abutment material, restoration material, and restoration design) on the LC was explored using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Differences in LC between the abutment material (zirconia/Paradigm MZ100), the restoration material (Paradigm C/Paradigm MZ100) and the restoration design (onlay/crown) were recorded. The average LC of zirconia and metal composite resin abutments ranged from 0.040 to 0.053 and 0.059 to 0.068, respectively. Zirconia abutments restored with composite resin restorations (LC 0.051-0.053) had the closest LC value when compared with teeth with simulated PDL (0.049). CONCLUSION: Composite resin onlays/crowns bonded to zirconia implant abutments presented similar dynamic response to load (damping behavior) when compared to teeth with a simulated PDL.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Ceramics/chemistry , Composite Resins/chemistry , Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , Dental Abutments , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Restoration Failure , In Vitro Techniques , Inlays , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Zirconium/chemistryABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cracked teeth may traditionally require the use of complete coverage crowns. Alternative conservative treatments involve the use of adhesive inlays/onlays with the possibility of including a fiber patch to reinforce the cracked cusp. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigue strength of compromised molars restored with computer-aided-design/computer-assisted-manufactured (CAD/CAM) composite resin inlays/onlays with and without fiber-reinforced immediate dentin sealing (IDS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Large mesio-occluso-distal preparations with cracked/undermined palatal cusps were simulated on 40 extracted maxillary molars. All teeth received IDS (Optibond FL, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), and composite resin (Paradigm MZ100, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) inlays (N = 20) and onlays (N = 20). A fiber patch (Ribbond, Ribbond Inc., Seattle, WA, USA) was applied in half of the preparations. Restorations were adhesively luted with pre-heated composite resin (Z100, 3-M ESPE) and submitted to cyclic isometric loading at 5 Hz, starting with a load of 50 N (5,000 cycles), followed by stages of 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, and 1,050 N at a maximum of 25,000 cycles each. Specimens were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 180,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the life table survival analysis. RESULTS: Differences in survival probability were found (p = 0.04). The inlay group with fiber patch failed at an average load of 870 N, and none of the specimens withstood all 180,000 load cycles; survival rates of inlays and onlays without fibers, and onlays with fibers were 10, 30, and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Onlays (with or without fibers) increased the fatigue resistance of compromised molars in this in vitro study.
Subject(s)
Computer-Aided Design , Cracked Tooth Syndrome/therapy , Dental Prosthesis Design , Inlays , Resin Cements/therapeutic use , Tooth Crown/injuries , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Stress Analysis , Humans , Molar/injuries , Polyethylenes , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the fatigue resistance and failure mode of porcelain and composite resin crowns and onlays bonded to premolar custom zirconia implant abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty standardized zirconia implant abutments were milled (NeoShape) according to two different restoration designs (onlay or crown). Using Cerec 3, the corresponding onlays and crowns were fabricated either in ceramic (Paradigm C) or composite resin (Paradigm MZ100), resulting in four experimental groups (n = 15). The fitting surfaces of the abutments were airborne-particle abraded and cleaned. The intaglio surfaces of the restorations were HF-etched and silanated (Paradigm C) or airborne-particle abraded and silanated (Paradigm MZ100). Following insertion of the abutments into a Morse taper implant (Titamax CM), all restorations were bonded with a zirconia primer (Z-Prime Plus), adhesive resin (Optibond FL), and a preheated light curing composite resin (Filtek Z100). Cyclic isometric chewing (5 Hz) was simulated, starting with a load of 50N (5000×), followed by stages of 200N, 400N, 600N, 800N, 1000N, 1200N, and 1400N (25,000× each). Samples were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 180,000 cycles. The four groups were compared using the life table survival analysis (Logrank test at P = 0.05). RESULTS: All composite resin onlays and crowns survived (100% survival rate), while ceramic ones fractured at an average load of 1347N and 1280N, respectively, (survival rate of 46.7% and 20%) with a significant difference in survival probability (P < 0.0001). Fractures consisted in partial or total failure of the restoration only (no abutment failure, no screw loosening). CONCLUSIONS: Composite resin onlays and crowns bonded to custom zirconia implant abutments presented a significant higher survival rate when compared to ceramic onlays and crowns.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins/chemistry , Crowns , Dental Abutments , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Restoration Failure , Inlays , Zirconium/chemistry , Acid Etching, Dental , Ceramics/chemistry , Computer-Aided Design , Dental Bonding , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Stress Analysis , Resin Cements/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the fatigue resistance and failure mode of type III porcelain and composite resin veneers bonded to custom composite resin implant abutments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the CEREC 3 machine, 28 composite resin implant abutments (Paradigm MZ100) were fabricated along with non-retentive type III veneers, milled either in ceramic Paradigm C (n=14) or in composite resin Paradigm MZ100 (n=14). The intaglio surfaces of the veneers were hydrofluoric acid etched and silanated (Paradigm C) or airborne-particle abraded and silanated (MZ100). The fitting surface of the abutments was airborne-particle abraded, cleaned, silanated and inserted into a bone level implant (10 mm, BLI RC). All veneers were luted with adhesive resin (Optibond FL) and a preheated light curing composite resin (Filtek Z100). Cyclic isometric chewing (5 Hz, 30° angle) was simulated, starting with a load of 40 N, followed by stages of 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 N (20,000 cycles each). Samples were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 140,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the life table survival analysis (Log rank test at P=0.05). Previously published data using same-design zirconia abutments were included for comparison. RESULTS: Paradigm C and MZ100 specimens fractured at an average load of 243 and 206 N (survival rate of 21% and 0%), respectively, with a significant difference in survival probability (P=0.02). Fractured specimens presented mixed failure modes and solely adhesive failures were not observed. The survival of composite resin abutments was similar to that of identical zirconia abutments from a previous study (P=0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Non-retentive porcelain veneers bonded to custom composite resin implant abutments presented a higher survival rate when compared with composite resin veneers. Survival of composite resin abutment did not differ from zirconia ones.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins/chemistry , Computer-Aided Design , Dental Abutments , Dental Bonding , Dental Implants , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Veneers , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Bite Force , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Etching/methods , Dental Prosthesis Design , Humans , Hydrofluoric Acid/chemistry , Materials Testing , Resin Cements/chemistry , Silanes/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Survival Analysis , Zirconium/chemistryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Evaluate the dentine bond strength using different methods of application of opaque resins to mask dentine discoloration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentine was exposed on 21 extracted molars which were assigned to 3 groups: G1: immediate dentine sealing (IDS). G2: IDS+opaque. G3: IDS with adhesive resin mixed with opaque. After 1 week, teeth were restored and beams were fabricated for microtensile testing. Optical microscopy was used to analyse the failure mode. RESULTS: Bond strength mean values were statistically different: G1 55.20MPa>G2 45.79MPa>G3 18.96MPa. Failure modes were mostly adhesive for G1 and G3. G2 presented mostly mixed failures. CONCLUSION: The use of opaque resin to mask discoloured dentine results in a decrease of bond strength.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins , Dental Bonding , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Inlays , Acid Etching, Dental , Dental Stress Analysis , Humans , Materials Testing , Resin Cements , Tensile Strength , Tooth Discoloration/therapyABSTRACT
A survey demonstrated that angled abutments for external-hex implant platforms are difficult to place because of the handling of the components and screwdriver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a device facilitating the placement of prefabricated angled abutments. This new instrument features improved ergonomics and is based on the design of a modified pickup impression coping. Forty experienced professionals tested two methods of placing angled abutments in a typodont on implants replacing a maxillary central incisor and a maxillary first molar. Using the new device, the abutments could be placed with a 43.9% reduction in time compared to the original manufacturer's instrument.
