Transcultural adaptation and validation of a Korea version of Pedi-IKDC questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to translate and transculturally adapt the English version of the Pedi-IKDC questionnaire into Korean and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean Pedi-IKDC questionnaire in terms of internal consistency, feasibility (floor and ceiling effect), construct validity, test-retest reliability, and factor analysis. METHODS: The original English version of the Pedi-IKDC questionnaire was translated and transculturally adapted into Korean according to established guidelines. A total of 239 patients aged 7-18 years who visited the hospital because of knee pain or discomfort were considered eligible for the study. These patients completed the Korean version of the Pedi-IKDC and Pediatric Quality of Life questionnaires (PedsQL). The correlation between the PedsQL and Pedi-IKDC questionnaires was assessed to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. To verify the validity of the Korean Pedi-IKDC questionnaire, internal consistency, feasibility, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were evaluated, and a factor analysis was performed. RESULTS: Internal consistency was found to be satisfactory in all subscales (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.7). The test-retest reliability was satisfactorily high for all subscales (Intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.81-0.84). A high correlation was observed between the total Pedi-IKDC score and the score on the physical-health subscale of child version of the PedsQL (Correlation coefficients: 0.720). There were no floor effects in all subscales, but ceiling effects were observed in four questions. Additionally, factor analysis suggested that the questionnaire could be divided into two subscales. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the Pedi-IKDC questionnaire was successfully translated and transculturally adapted according to the established guidelines. The Korean Pedi-IKDC questionnaire has been proven reliable and valid.

Effects of Glenoid and Humeral Bone Defects on Recurrent Anterior Instability of the Shoulder.

For proper treatment of recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder with a bone defect, the defect size should be assessed preoperatively with three-dimensional computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In general, the risk of postoperative recurrence of instability is estimated on the basis of preoperative imaging of bipolar bone defects: more than 20%-25% glenoid bone loss and off-track Hill-Sachs lesions have been considered risk factors for recurrence. In patients with a glenoid bone defect more than 20%-25%, a bone graft procedure, such as the Latarjet procedure, is preferred regardless of the glenoid track concept, because compared with arthroscopic stabilization procedure, it provides greater postoperative stability. For patients with a borderline glenoid bone defect (around 20%), surgeons should discuss surgical options with the patients, considering their demand and physical activity level. In addition, the surgeon should take care to prevent postoperative instability and long-term complications. Arthroscopic soft-tissue reconstruction including labral repair and capsular plication combined with the additional remplissage procedure is an anatomical procedure and could be considered as one of the primary treatment methods for patients with glenoid bone defects around 20%. Therefore, treatment strategies for recurrent anterior shoulder instability combined with bone defects should be determined more flexibly on the basis of the patient's individual condition.

Minimal Clinically Important Differences and Correlating Factors for the Rowe Score and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score After Arthroscopic Stabilization Surgery for Anterior Shoulder Instability.

PURPOSE: To determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for the Rowe score and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score after arthroscopic stabilization surgery for anterior shoulder instability and to evaluate the effect of various patient- and treatment-related factors on MCIDs. METHODS: The study enrolled 216 patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization surgery for anterior shoulder instability. The patients were categorized into "no-change" and "minimal-change" groups by a 15-item questionnaire at the 1-year postoperative visit. The Rowe and ASES scores were assessed preoperatively and at the 1-year postoperative follow-up visit. MCIDs were calculated using an anchor-based method. Correlations between MCIDs and several factors were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis and univariate regression analysis. RESULTS: On the basis of the questionnaires administered at the 1-year postoperative follow-up visit, 10 patients were assigned to the no-change group and 33 patients were placed in the minimal-change group. MCIDs for the Rowe and ASES scores were 9.7 and 8.5, respectively. Body mass index was negatively correlated with the MCID for the Rowe score (P = .01). Number of dislocations, symptom duration, and presence of Hill-Sachs lesions were positively correlated with the MCID for the ASES score (P = .02, P = .04, and P = .02, respectively). Other variables such as age, sex, and arm dominance were not related to the MCIDs for either the Rowe or ASES score. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization surgery, differences of at least 9.7 in the Rowe score and 8.5 in the ASES score were clinically relevant. Patients with a greater body mass index required a smaller change in the Rowe score and patients with a greater number of dislocations, a longer symptom duration, or a Hill-Sachs lesion required a larger change in the ASES score to feel clinically relevant changes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

Effects of Bone Incorporation After Arthroscopic Stabilization Surgery for Bony Bankart Lesion Based on Preoperative Glenoid Defect Size.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent shoulder instability occurs more frequently after soft tissue surgery when the glenoid defect is greater than 20%. However, for lesions less than 20%, no scientific guidance is available regarding what size of bone fragments may affect shoulder functional restoration after bone incorporation. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to analyze how preoperative glenoid defect size and bone fragment incorporation alter postoperative clinical outcomes, we compared the functional outcomes of shoulders with and without bony Bankart lesion. It was hypothesized that differences in postoperative clinical outcomes between patients with and without bony fragments would be found only in patients with a larger glenoid defect. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 223 patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization surgery for recurrent anterior shoulder instability were divided into two groups based on the presence of anterior glenoid bone fragments. In each group, postoperative shoulder functional outcomes, sports activity level, and recurrence rates were evaluated according to preoperative glenoid defect size (small, <10%; medium, 10%-15% and 15%-20%; large, >20%). RESULTS: In patients with small or medium defects, no significant differences were found in postoperative clinical outcomes and sports activity levels between the two groups. However, in patients with a large defect, the patients with bone fragments (mean ± SD American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score, 92.3 ± 2.7; Rowe score, 90.9 ± 5.4) showed significantly superior clinical outcomes compared with patients who did not have fragments (ASES score, 87.3 ± 6.2, P = .02; Rowe score, 84.8 ± 7.3, P = .04). Among patients without bone fragments, recurrence increased significantly with increasing preoperative glenoid defect size (recurrence rates: 0% in small defects, 7.4% in medium defects, 22.2% in large defects), whereas patients with bone fragments showed no tendency for increasing or decreasing recurrence rates (0% in small defects, 7.9% in medium defects, 5.9% in large defects). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of bony Bankart lesion, the effect of bone fragment incorporation was different according to preoperative glenoid defect size. In patients with preoperative glenoid defects less than 20% of the glenoid width, bone fragment incorporation after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair did not alter clinical outcomes, sports activity levels, or recurrence rates, whereas in patients with defects greater than 20% of the glenoid width, bone fragment incorporation improved clinical outcomes and recurrence rates.

A Novel and Easy Approach for Contouring Surgery in Patients With Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia.

Although the bone-shaving procedure is the optimal alternative treatment of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia affecting the maxilla and zygoma, it is difficult to determine the appropriate amount of bone to be removed. The authors therefore developed a novel method for bone shaving using three-dimensional printing technology on computed tomography (CT) scans and screws as a guide. In our method, we implanted screws of predetermined lengths into surgical sites and then performed a burring within the visual field. By using screws, the exact amount of bone could be removed, as determined preoperatively. Thus, the operation time was shorted and the method was less effort intensive. Moreover, this procedure had reduced risk of radiation exposure owing to frequent use of CT, and had a low cost. This simple new method is more precise and effective, and shows satisfactory cosmetic outcomes than those with current bone-shaving practices.