ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous reports have revealed inadequate resident education and textbook representation of dermatological conditions in patients with skin of color (SoC). This suggests that the literature and continuing medical education are important alternative dermatology educational resources to aid in diagnosing and treating patients of color. OBJECTIVE: This study develops criteria to assess and examine the prevalence of SoC-related publications among top dermatology journals. METHODS: We developed the first-ever prespecified criteria that allow for the assessment of diversity in the dermatologic literature. The archives of 52 dermatology journals from January 2018 to October 2020, selected based on Scopus ranking, were analyzed for journal characteristics and content regarding skin and hair of color, diversity and inclusion, and socioeconomic/health care disparities that affect underrepresented populations with SoC. RESULTS: Our study reveals that the average percentage of overall publications relevant to SoC is quite low. The percent of SoC articles ranged from 2.04% to 16.8% with a mean of 16.3%. The top-performing dermatology journals in SoC were, not surprisingly, from countries with populations with SoC; however, the Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, Australasian Journal of Dermatology, and Journal of the American Academy of Dermatol Case Reports were among the top 10. Research and higher-impact journals were among the lowest in SoC rankings, including the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, and Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, and had <5% of articles on SoC. CONCLUSION: We believe that the criteria we established could be used by journal editors to include at least 16.8% of SoC-relevant articles in each issue. Increasing SoC content in the dermatological literature, and particularly in high-impact journals, will serve as an invaluable educational resource and aid in promoting excellence in the care of patients with SoC.
ABSTRACT
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide a universal mechanism for sensing and responding to increased membrane tension. MscS-like (MSL) 10 is a relatively well-studied MS ion channel from Arabidopsis thaliana that is implicated in cell death signaling. The relationship between the amino acid sequence of MSL10 and its conductance, gating tension, and opening and closing kinetics remains unstudied. Here, we identify several nonpolar residues in the presumptive pore-lining transmembrane helix of MSL10 (TM6) that contribute to these basic channel properties. F553 and I554 are essential for wild type channel conductance and the stability of the open state. G556, a glycine residue located at a predicted kink in TM6, is essential for channel conductance. The increased tension sensitivity of MSL10 compared to close homolog MSL8 may be attributed to F563, but other channel characteristics appear to be dictated by more global differences in structure. Finally, MSL10 F553V and MSL10 G556V provided the necessary tools to establish that MSL10's ability to trigger cell death is independent of its ion channel function.