ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In the present study, the nonclinical safety profile of tolvaptan was evaluated. METHODS: A series of safety pharmacology and toxicology studies were performed in vitro and in mice, rats, dogs, rabbits and guinea pigs. RESULTS: In safety pharmacological studies, tolvaptan had no adverse effects on the central nervous, somatic nervous, autonomic nervous, smooth muscle, respiratory and cardiovascular, or digestive systems. In general toxicity studies, a single dose of tolvaptan up to 2,000 mg/kg was not lethal in rats and dogs. Tolvaptan did not cause any target organ toxicity in rats after treatment for 26 weeks or in dogs after treatment for 52 weeks at oral doses of up to 1,000 mg/kg/day. The toxicities observed in the present studies were generally attributable to the exaggerated pharmacological action of tolvaptan. In reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in rats, fertility was not affected. Suppressed viability or growth observed in the prenatal and postnatal progeny occurred at the maternally toxic dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day. In rabbits, tolvaptan showed teratogenicity at 1,000 mg/kg/day, a dose that was maternally toxic causing abortion. Tolvaptan was not genotoxic or carcinogenic, and did not induce phototoxicity, antigenicity or immunotoxicity. CONCLUSION: Nonclinical toxicity that precludes the safe administration of tolvaptan to humans was not observed. However, appropriate cautions should be taken in women of childbearing potential.
Subject(s)
Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists , Benzazepines/pharmacology , Benzazepines/toxicity , Diuretics/pharmacology , Diuretics/toxicity , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , CHO Cells , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Dogs , ERG1 Potassium Channel , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/physiology , Female , Femoral Artery/drug effects , Femoral Artery/physiology , Guinea Pigs , Heart Rate/drug effects , Ileum/drug effects , Ileum/physiology , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Peripheral Nervous System/drug effects , Pregnancy , Rabbits , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Respiration/drug effects , Stomach/drug effects , Stomach/physiology , TolvaptanABSTRACT
In October 2006, a new revision of the draft guideline (OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for a New Guideline 426. Developmental Neurotoxicity Study) and Draft Document of the Retrospective Performance Assessment (RPA) of the Draft Test Guideline 426 on Developmental Neurotoxicity were distributed following incorporation of the results of the Expert Consultation Meeting in Tokyo on May 24-26, 2005. The draft guideline consists of 50 paragraphs and an appendix with 102 references; and the draft RPA consists of 37 paragraphs with 109 references. National coordinators were requested to arrange for national expert reviews of these draft documents in their member countries. Members of the Developmental Neurotoxicology (DNT) Committee of the Japanese Teratology Society (JTS) reviewed, discussed, and commented on the draft Test Guideline Proposal. The DNT Committee of the JTS also commented on the draft document of the RPA. These comments were sent to the OECD Secretariat. The DNT Committee of the JTS expects the comments to be useful for the finalization of these draft documents.
Subject(s)
Developmental Biology , Hazardous Substances/toxicity , Reproduction/drug effects , Research Design/standards , Teratogens/pharmacology , Teratology , Toxicity Tests/methods , Toxicity Tests/standards , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/diagnosis , Female , Fetus/drug effects , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Japan , PregnancyABSTRACT
In September 2003, a new revision of the draft guideline (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for a New Guideline 426, Developmental Neurotoxicity Study) was distributed. The draft guideline consists of 51 paragraphs and an appendix. The National Coordinators were requested to arrange national expert reviews of the guideline proposal in their member countries. The member of the Behavioral Teratology (BT) Committee of the Japanese Teratology Society (JTS) reviewed, discussed and commented on the draft Test Guideline proposal. The BT Committee of the JTS also commented that the International Collaborative Study to validate this protocol should be definitely performed. These comments were sent to the OECD Secretariat. The BT Committee of the JTS expects that the comments are useful for further discussion.
