Atrial conduction time associated predictors of recurrent atrial fibrillation.

Identifying patients at high risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate total atrial conduction time (TACT) and left atrial (LA) asynchrony as predictors of AF recurrence. Consecutive patients after the first AF episode, terminated either spontaneously or with cardioversion, underwent transthoracic echocardiography. TACT, estimated by the time delay between the onset of P-wave and the peak A'-wave on the Tissue Doppler Imaging (PA-TDI duration), atrial volumetric and functional parameters, and biatrial strain were assessed. We calculated mean PA-TDI-the average of PA-TDI measurements in all left atrial (LA) walls-and the difference between the longest and the shortest PA interval (DLS) and the standard deviation of 4 PA intervals (SD4) to assess the LA global remodeling and asynchrony, respectively. The primary endpoint was AF recurrence. Patients with recurrent AF had significantly prolonged PA-TDI intervals in each LA wall-and thus mean PA-TDI-than those without recurrence (mean PA-TDI: 157.4 ± 17.9 vs. 110.2 ± 7.7 ms, p < 0.001). At univariate analysis, LA maximum volume index, total LA emptying fraction, right atrial maximum volume index, PA-TDI, DLS, and SD4 were predictors of AF recurrence. At multivariable analysis, PA-TDI intervals in all LA walls remained strong predictors with mean PA-TDI (odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.06) having an optimal cutoff of 125.8 ms in receiver operator characteristics curve analysis providing 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for AF recurrence (area under the curve = 0.989). PA-TDI was an independent predictor of AF recurrence and outperformed established echocardiographic parameters.

α2-Heremans-schmid glycoprotein (fetuin A) downregulation and its utility in inflammatory bowel disease.

AIM: To investigate the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on α2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG/fetuin A) and potential associations with disease and patient characteristics. METHODS: AHSG serum levels were determined in treatment-naïve newly-diagnosed patients, 96 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 84 with Crohn's disease (CD), 62 with diarrhea-predominant or mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, D- and M- types) and 180 healthy controls (HC), by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients were followed for a minimum period of 3 years at the Gastroenterology Department of the University Hospital of Larissa, Greece. C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-glycan antibodies, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies IgG, anti-mannobioside carbohydrate antibodies IgG, anti-laminariobioside carbohydrate antibodies IgG and anti-chitobioside carbohydrate antibodies IgA were also determined via immunonephelometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: The mean ± SE of serum AHSG, following adjustment for confounders, was 0.32 ± 0.02 g/L in IBD, 0.32 ± 0.03 g/L in CD and 0.34 ± 0.03 g/L in UC patients, significantly lower than in IBS patients (0.7 ± 0.018 g/L) and HC (0.71 ± 0.02 g/L) (P < 0.0001, in all cases). AHSG levels were comparable between the CD and UC groups. Based on AHSG levels IBD patients could be distinguished from HC with about 90% sensitivity and specificity. Further adjusted analysis verified the inverse association between AHSG and penetrating, as well as stricturing CD (partial correlation coefficient: -0.45 and -0.33, respectively) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, inverse correlations between AHSG and CRP and the need for anti-TNFα therapy or surgery, were found (partial correlation coefficients: -0.31, -0.33, -0.41, respectively, P < 0.05, in all cases). Finally, IBD individuals who were seropositive, for at least one marker, had AHSG levels falling within the two lower quartiles (OR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.5-5.44, P < 0.001) while those with at least two serological markers positive exhibited AHSG concentrations within the lowest quartile (OR = 5.03, 95%CI: 2.07-12.21, P < 0.001), after adjusting for age, sex and smoking. CONCLUSION: AHSG can be used to distinguish between IBD and IBS patients or HC while at the same time "predicting" complicated disease behavior, need for therapy escalation and surgery. Moreover, AHSG may offer new insights into the pathogenesis of IBD, since it is involved in key processes.

Epidemiological characteristics and in-hospital management of acute coronary syndrome patients in Greece: results from the TARGET study.

INTRODUCTION: Conduction of national surveys is needed to depict temporal trends in the risk profile, type of implemented treatment strategy and outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The TARGET study is a multicenter, observational study that aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, management pattern and outcome of ACS patients in Greece. METHODS: A total of 418 consecutive patients with ACS (44.7% STEMI, 34.2% NSTEMI, 21.1% unstable angina) from 17 centers (52.9% with catheterization facilities) were enrolled in the study (78.0% males, 63.9 ± 12.9 years). RESULTS: Overall, 67.9% of the patients had hypertension, 27.5% were diabetics and 57.4% had dyslipidemia. Thrombolytic therapy (60.7% tenecteplase, 38.2% reteplase) was administered in 22.7% of the study population, while invasive management was performed in 40.2% of patients (27.0% PCI and 1.0% CABG) during the index hospitalization. In-hospital all-cause mortality was 1.9%, with 12.2% of patients experiencing adverse clinical events. Evidence-based medications were prescribed to the majority of enrolled patients during hospitalization and upon discharge (97% and 94% received aspirin, 93% and 84% clopidogrel, 87% and 86% beta-blockers, 96% and 93% statins, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of modifiable risk factors exhibits an increasing trend among ACS patients in Greece. The prescription pattern of evidence-based medications has improved considerably, while there remains considerable room for improvement in expanding the implementation of invasive management in realworld clinical practice.

Echocardiographic manifestation of hiatus hernia simulating a left atrial mass: case report.

BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of hiatus hernia, a relatively small number of echocardiographically manifested cases have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: An 82-year old woman presented with acute retrosternal pain indicative of cardiac etiology. Physical examination and biochemical tests, as well as 12-lead electrocardiogram, were normal. A two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and revealed a structure that was considered to represent a left atrial mass. A subsequent computed tomography scan visualized a hiatus hernia in the posterior mediastinum, impinging on the posterior left atrial wall. The intrathoracic displacement of a large part of the stomach was further confirmed by an upper gastrointestinal barium examination. CONCLUSION: Hiatus hernia can present as acute chest pain, while its echocardiographic manifestation may resemble a left atrial space-occupying structure. Physicians should be aware of the clinical and sonographic findings to facilitate the differential diagnosis from similarly presenting cardiac entities.

[Portable ultrasound devices. A new era for clinical cardiologists]. / Cardioscopi portatili. Una nuova era per il cardiologo clinico.

Recent advances in ultrasound technology have led to the development of fully portable ultrasound machines for point-of-care cardiac examination. Limited comparative studies indicate that these devices are more accurate than physical examination in identifying cardiac abnormalities. Though their diagnostic performance is generally inferior to standard echocardiography, there appears to be good concordance at least for some conditions. However, it must be emphasized that reported results were obtained with cardiologists or sonographers trained and experienced in performing and interpreting echocardiography. The potential role of these devices in cardiac care will depend on their impact on patient management, compatibility with individual practice, their cost, and further technical developments. Operator training in performance and interpretation of examinations obtained using these ultrasound devices seems to be vitally important.