Effect of photobiomodulation with different wavelengths on periodontal repair in non-hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic rats.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemic conditions is associated with more severe periodontitis and poorer outcomes after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NPT). Then, these patients are candidates for adjunctive therapy associated with NPT. This study evaluates the effect of photobiomodulation (PBMT) at different wavelengths on periodontal repair in non-hyperglycemic/hyperglycemic animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four rats were submitted to induction of periodontitis by ligatures. Hyperglycemia was induced in half of these animals, whereas the other half remained non-hyperglycemic. The animals were subdivided into 4 groups according to the PBMT protocol applied at the time of ligature removal (n = 8): CTR: Without PBMT; IRL: PBMT with infrared laser (808 nm); RL: PBMT with red laser (660 nm); and RL-IRL: PBMT with red (660 nm) and infrared laser (808 nm). After a period of 7 days, the animals were euthanized. The parameters assessed by microtomography were the bone volume relative to total tissue volume (BV/TV%), distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the top of the bone crest (CEJ-CB), trabecular thickness, space between trabeculae, and number of trabeculae. Additionally, the percentage of inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and connective tissue matrix were assessed by histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: PBMT reduced bone loss and increased trabecular density in hyperglycemic animals (p < .05), with RL being more effective in reducing linear bone loss (CEJ-CB), whereas RL-IRL was more effective in maintaining BV/TV%. PBMT reduced blood vessels and increased the connective tissue component in hyperglycemic animals (p < .05). RL-IRL reduced inflammatory cells regardless of the systemic condition of the animal (p < .05). CONCLUSION: PBMT (RL, RL-IRL) improves the repair of periodontal tissues in hyperglycemic animals.

The use of apocynin inhibits osteoclastogenesis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX), an enzyme that reduces oxygen by using NADPH as a substrate. Apocynin (APO) is a catechol that is used as a NOX inhibitor, and N-acetyl-cysteine ​​(NAC) can reduce intracellular ROS levels. In this work, the effect of APO and NAC on osteoclast formation were evaluated. APO and NAC significantly decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and the osteoclast area. We analyzed bone-marrow derived monocyte-macrophages (BMMs) that differentiated into osteoclasts after RANKL stimulation. Stimulation was associated with either APO or NAC treatment and osteoclastogenesis marker expression, including NFATc1, MMP-9, and DC-STAMP, was evaluated. APO decreased the intracellular calcium concentration by calcium channels other than ITPR1 and TPC2. On the other hand, APO reduced Tnfrsf11a (RANK) expression and did not alter Fam102a (EEIG1) expression. Therefore, our results demonstrate that APO inhibits osteoclastogenesis by the RANK-RANKL-related signaling pathways, decreases osteoclast markers, and reduces intracellular calcium concentration.

Surgical and Non-Surgical Procedures Associated with Recurrence of Periodontitis in Periodontal Maintenance Therapy: 5-Year Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prospective studies that investigated the influence of surgical and nonsurgical procedures in the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs have not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the recurrence of periodontitis in regular compliers (RC) and irregular compliers (IC) individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures over 5 years in a program of PMT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 212 individuals participated in this study. Full-mouth periodontal examination including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were determined at all PMT visits over 5 years. The recurrence of periodontitis was evaluated in RC and IC individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures in PMT. The influences of risk variables of interest were tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Recurrence of periodontitis was significantly lower among RC when compared to IC. Individuals with recurrence of periodontitis and undergoing surgical procedures showed higher probing depth and clinical attachment loss than those who received non-surgical procedures. Recurrence of periodontitis was higher in individual undergoing surgical procedures and irregular compliance during PMT. CONCLUSIONS: Irregular compliance and surgical procedures in individuals undergoing PMT presented higher rates of recurrence of periodontitis when compared to regular compliant patients undergoing non-surgical procedures.

Far beyond the usual biomarkers in breast cancer: a review.

Research investigating biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and the prediction of treatment responses in breast cancer is rapidly expanding. However, no validated biomarker currently exists for use in routine clinical practice, and breast cancer detection and management remains dependent on invasive procedures. Histological examination remains the standard for diagnosis, whereas immunohistochemical and genetic tests are utilized for treatment decisions and prognosis determinations. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature published in PubMed on breast cancer biomarkers between 2009 and 2013. The keywords that were used together were breast cancer, biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis and drug response. The cited references of the manuscripts included in this review were also screened. We have comprehensively summarized the performance of several biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and predicted drug responses of breast cancer. Finally, we have identified 15 biomarkers that have demonstrated promise in initial studies and several miRNAs. At this point, such biomarkers must be rigorously validated in the clinical setting to be translated into clinically useful tests for the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug responses of breast cancer.

The physiopathological role of IL-33: new highlights in bone biology and a proposed role in periodontal disease.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently described member of the IL-1 family. IL-33 acts as an alarmin, chemoattractant, and nuclear factor. ST2, a member of the Toll-like receptor/IL-1R superfamily, the receptor of IL-33, triggers a plethora of downstream effectors and leads the activation of NFK-B, leading the expression of several genes. IL-33 and ST2 are expressed in the majority of cell types, and the IL-33/ST2 axis has a role in immune response, bone homeostasis, and osteoclastogenesis. Several studies show opposite roles of IL-33 in osteoclastogenesis and the implication in bone biology. Few works studied the role of IL-33 in periodontal disease, but we hypothesize a possible role of IL-33 in periodontal disease and bone loss.

Influência do clareamento dental na infiltração marginal em restaurações de Classe V / Influence of dental bleaching on marginal leakage of Class V restorations

Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro o efeito do clareamento, em consultório, e o tempo de espera no grau de microinfiltração em cavidades classe V com margem em esmalte restaurada com resina composta. Métodos: Utilizou-se 45 terceiros molares humanos, cujas faces vestibulares foram clareadas com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% ativado com LED e as palatinas não clareadas (controle). Os grupos foram divididos aleatoriamente com 15 dentes cada: Grupo 1) restaurado imediatamente após o clareamento; Grupo 2), sete dias após o clareamento; Grupo 3), quatorze dias após clareamento. Após o preparo das cavidades, foram aplicados ácido fosfórico a 35%, adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Mn, USA) e resina composta Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Mn, USA). Os dentes foram termociclados e impermeabilizados com esmalte vermelho nas faces clareadas e azul nas não clareadas, exceto a região restaurada a 1mm ao redor. As amostras foram classificadas de acordo com escores: 0 = sem infiltração, 1= mínima infiltração (menos de 1/3 do comprimento da parede), 2= infiltração moderada (de 1/3 a 2/3 da parede) e 3= extensa (mais de 2/3 da parede). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste Kruskal-Wallis a 5% de significância. Resultados: O procedimento restaurador imediatamente após o clareamento, acarretou em valores de microinfiltração estatisticamente superiores (p<0,05) aos do grupo não clareado. De 7 e 14 dias após o clareamento, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos experimentais (p>0,05). Conclusão: Com base nos resultados, aconselha-se a aguardar no mínimo de 7 dias após o clareamento para a confecção da restauração definitiva.

Objective: Evaluate the in vitro effect of bleaching performed in the dental office and waiting time on the degree of microleakage in class V cavities with margins in enamel, restored with resin composite. Methods: Forty-five human third molars were used, in which the vestibular faces were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide activated with LED and the palatine faces were not bleached (control). The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 teeth in each: Group 1, restored immediately after bleaching; Group 2, seven days after bleaching; and Group 3, fourteen days after bleaching. After cavity preparation, 35% phosphoric acid, Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Mn, USA), and resin composite Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were applied. The teeth were thermal cycled and sealed with red nail polish on the bleached faces and blue on the non bleached faces, except for 1mm around the restored region. The samples were classified according to the following scores: 0 = no leakage, 1 = minimum leakage (less than 1 / 3 the length of the wall), 2 = moderate leakage (1/3 to 2/3 of the wall) and 3 = extensive leakage (over 2/3 of the wall). The data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test at a level of significance of 5%. Results: The restorative procedure immediately after bleaching resulted in statistically higher microleakage values (p <0.05) than those in the non bleached group. In seven and fourteen days after bleaching, no statistically significant differences were found among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is advisable to wait at least 7 days after bleaching to make the definitive restoration.

Gingival status of Brazilian renal transplant recipients under sirolimus-based regimens.

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of gingival overgrowth (GO) in calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) immunosuppressive regimens has been well documented, to the best of our knowledge data from sirolimus (SIR) regimens have not been described. We sought to investigate the gingival status of renal transplant recipients under SIR-based regimens with regard to the prevalence and potential risk variables associated with GO. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Of 886 transplant recipients, an eligible sample of 144 subjects was selected. Medical, pharmacologic, and periodontal variables were recorded for each subject. GO was assessed through visual inspection and was evaluated in relation to variables of interest by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Although not clinically significant, 20.8% of the samples had GO, with a mean GO score of 5.0% +/- 3.98% (range, 0% to 19%) and mean GO score per papilla of 0.378 +/- 0.361 (range, 0.1 to 1.9); the percentage of papilla affected by GO was 14.35% +/- 9.86% (range, 5% to 45%). The multivariate final model, excluding periodontal variables, showed that the concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (P = 0.033) and the interaction between time since transplant and previous CNI use (P <0.001) were associated with GO. Adding periodontal variables to the model improved its accuracy and retained papillary bleeding index as being strongly associated with GO (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GO was observed in a considerable number of subjects under SIR-based immunosuppressive regimens, although the relationship was not clinically significant. Findings point to the importance of cooperation between medical and dental health care personnel in the maintenance of renal transplant recipients under SIR-based immunosuppressive regimens.

Levantamento das classes econômicas dos pacientes atendidos nas clínicas de endodontia da FO/UFMG / A survey about the economic level of the patients assisted in the endodontic clinic of the Dentistry School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais

As classes econômicas dos pacientes atendidos nas clínicas de Endodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG foram definidas através de um questionário com informaçöes específicas, tais como: itens de consumo, grau de instruçäo do chefe de família e presença de empregada mensalista, de acordo com o Critério de Classificaçäo Econômica Brasil de 1997 adotado pela ANEP e ABIPEME. Foram realizadas 93 questionários aos pacientes submetidos a tratamentos endodônticos no período de agosto a novembro de 2000. Os resultados obtidos foram: classe C - 43,01 por cento; classe D - 38,7 por cento; classe B2 - 8,6 por cento; classe B1 - 5,37 por cento e classe E - 4,3 por cento. Diante desse quadro, constatou-se que a maioria dos pacientes atendidos nas clínicas de Endodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG säo das classes C e D, o que sugere o importante papel social proporcionado por esta instituiçäo