Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a pervasive condition that limits quality of life and burdens economies worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments primarily aimed at slowing the progression of degeneration have demonstrated limited long-term efficacy and often do not address the underlying causes of the disease. On the other hand, orthobiologics are regenerative agents derived from the patient's own tissue and represent a promising emerging therapy for degenerative disc disease. This review comprehensively outlines the pathophysiology of DDD, highlighting the inadequacies of existing pharmacological therapies and detailing the potential of orthobiologic approaches. It explores advanced tools such as platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells, providing a historical overview of their development within regenerative medicine, from foundational in vitro studies to preclinical animal models. Moreover, the manuscript delves into clinical trials that assess the effectiveness of these therapies in managing DDD. While the current clinical evidence is promising, it remains insufficient for routine clinical adoption due to limitations in study designs. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize these therapies for consistent and effective clinical outcomes, potentially revolutionizing the management of DDD and offering renewed hope for patients.

Establishing national clinical diagnostic reference levels and achievable doses for CT examinations in Brazil: A prospective study.

PURPOSE: Diagnostic reference levels (DRL) and achievable doses (AD) are important tools for radiation dose optimization. Therefore, a prospective study was performed which aimed to establish a multi-parametric, clinical indication based - DRL(DRLCI) and clinical indication - AD (ADCI) for adult CT in Brazil. METHODS: The prospective study included 4787 patients (50 ± 18 years old; male:female 2041:2746) at 13 Brazilian sites that have been submitted to head, paranasal sinus, cervical spine, chest, or abdomen-pelvis CT between January and October 2021 for 13 clinical indications. The sites provided the following information: patient age, gender, weight, height, body mass index[BMI], clinical indications, scanner information(vendor, model, detector configuration), scan parameters (number of scan phases, kV, mA, pitch) and dose-related quantities (CT dose index volume- CTDIvol, dose length product- DLP). Median(AD) and 75th(DRL) percentile CTDIvol and DLP values were estimated for each body region and clinical indications. Non-normal data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: In majority of Brazilian sites, body region and clinical indications based DRLs were at or lower than the corresponding DRLs in the US and higher than Europe. Although radiation doses varied significantly for patients in different body mass index groups (p < 0.001), within each body region, there were no differences in radiation doses for different clinical indications (p > 0.1). Radiation doses for 7/13 clinical indications were higher using iterative reconstruction technique than for the filtered back projection. CONCLUSIONS: There was substantial variation in Brazil DRLCI across different institutions with higher doses compared to the European standards. There was also a lack of clinical indication-based protocol and dose optimization based on different clinical indications for the same body region.

Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 Female Mice Is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D.

The COVID-19 pandemic was triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whose peak occurred in the years 2020 and 2021. The main target of this virus is the lung, and the infection is associated with an accentuated inflammatory process involving mainly the innate arm of the immune system. Here, we described the induction of a pulmonary inflammatory process triggered by the intranasal (IN) instillation of UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 female mice, and then the evaluation of the ability of vitamin D (VitD) to control this process. The assays used to estimate the severity of lung involvement included the total and differential number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathological analysis, quantification of T cell subsets, and inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR, cytokine quantification in lung homogenates, and flow cytometric analysis of cells recovered from lung parenchyma. The IN instillation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 triggered a pulmonary inflammatory process, consisting of various cell types and mediators, resembling the typical inflammation found in transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. This inflammatory process was significantly decreased by the IN delivery of VitD, but not by its IP administration, suggesting that this hormone could have a therapeutic potential in COVID-19 if locally applied. To our knowledge, the local delivery of VitD to downmodulate lung inflammation in COVID-19 is an original proposition.

Asthma, obesity, and microbiota: A complex immunological interaction.

Obesity and allergic asthma are inflammatory chronic diseases mediated by distinct immunological features, obesity presents a Th1/Th17 profile, asthma is commonly associated with Th2 response. However, when combined, they result in more severe asthma symptoms, greater frequency of exacerbation episodes, and lower therapy responsiveness. These features lead to decreased life quality, associated with higher morbidity/mortality rates.  In addition, obesity prompts specific asthma phenotypes, which can be dependent on atopic status, age, and gender. In adults, obesity is associated with neutrophilic/Th17 profile, while in children, the outcome is diverse, in some cases children with obesity present aggravation of atopy, and Th2 inflammation, and in others an association with a Th1 profile, with reduced IgE levels and eosinophilia. These alterations occur due to a complex group of factors among which the microbiome has been recently explored. Particularly, evidence shows its important role in susceptibility or resistance to asthma development, via gut-lung-axis, and demonstrates its relevance to the immune pathogenesis of the syndrome. Few studies address the relevance of the lung microbiome in shaping the immune response, locally. However, specific bacteria, like Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, correlate with important features of the obese-asthmatic phenotype. Although maternal obesity is known to increase asthma risk in offspring, the impact on lung colonization is unknown. This review details the main key immune mechanisms involved in obesity-aggravated asthma, featuring the effect of maternal obesity in the establishment of gut and lung microbiota of the offspring, acting as potential childhood asthma inducer.

Preparo ortodôntico híbrido para cirurgia ortognática ­ relato de caso / Hybrid orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery ­ case report

Resumo A mordida aberta anterior é vista como um dos maiores desafios dos ortodontistas; essa má oclusão ainda é muito discutida por sua origem multifatorial e por ser considerada de grande importância aos pacientes pelo fator estético. Como a procura pela estética está cada vez maior, surge a técnica 3D-BOT, que fixa o fio nas faces oclusais dos dentes, usando uma técnica tridimensional de alta precisão. A mordida aberta anterior (MAA) pode ser definida como a presença de um trespasse vertical negativo entre as bordas incisais dos dentes anteriores superiores e inferiores. Em grandes casos, a alternativa para correção da MAA é a cirurgia ortognática, que possibilita ao paciente um resultado mais funcional e estético. O objetivo desse relato de caso é mostrar a possibilidade de tratamento de uma mordida aberta anterior, com uma técnica híbrida, associando a técnica 3D-BOT com a fixação de braquetes por vestibular e a cirurgia ortognática. Foi feito o alinhamento e nivelamento com técnica 3D-BOT superior e aparelho auto-ligado no arco inferior, preparando o paciente para posterior cirurgia ortognática. Concluindo assim, que é possível corrigir uma MAA utilizando uma técnica híbrida (AU)

Abstract The anterior open bite is seen as one of the greatest challenges of orthodontists; this malocclusion is still much discussed due to its multifactorial origin and because it is considered of great importance to patients by the aesthetic factor. As the search for aesthetics is increasing, the 3D-BOT technique emerges, which fixes the wire on the occlusal faces of the teeth, using a high-precision three-dimensional technique. The anterior open bite (MAA) can be defined as the presence of a negative vertical trespass between the incised edges of the upper and lower anterior teeth. In large cases, the alternative for correction of AAM is orthognathic surgery, which allows the patient a more functional and aesthetic result. The aim of this case report is to show the possibility of treatment of an anterior open bite, with a hybrid technique, joining the 3D-BOT technique with the fixation of brackets by vestibular and orthognathic surgery. Alignment and leveling was performed with superior 3D-BOT technique and self-connected apparatus in the lower arch, preparing the patient for subsequent orthognathic surgery. In conclusion, you can correct an MAA using a hybrid technique (AU)

Os EPI's adotados para controle local de transmissibilidade da COVID-19 no retorno das atividades presenciais de atendimento à população nos cursos de odontologia em Minas Gerais / Personal protective equipment adopted for local control of transferability by COVID-19 in the return of face-to-face activities to serve the population in dentistry courses in Minas Gerais

Desde o início da pandemia, no final de 2019, até a retomada das atividades presencias de atendimento ao público nos cursos da área de saúde em Minas Gerais, especificamente nos cursos de odontologia; foram elaboradas notas técnicas, recomendações e manuais de biossegurança. Documentos esses que serviram como referencial para a padronização de protocolos de atendimento, incluindo o uso de EPI's mais eficientes no controle da transmissibilidade da Covid-19. A pesquisa de revisão foi realizada na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e Scielo, World Health Organization, Ministério da Saúde, Associação Brasileira de Ensino Odontológico, Conselho Federal de Odontologia, Conselhos Regionais de Odontologia dos Estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais e instituições de ensino superior. Priorizando os conteúdos publicados entre os meses de janeiro a setembro de 2020. Período correspondente ao início da pandemia até o retorno das atividades de atendimento nos cursos de saúde em Minas Gerais. Buscando os documentos que nortearam esse retorno e que justificaram a adoção do uso desses EPI's pelos graduandos.

Since the beginning of the pandemic, at the end of 2019, until the resumption of face-to-face activities to serve the public in health care courses in Minas Gerais, specifically in dentistry courses; technical notes, recommendations and biosafety manuals were prepared. These documents served as a reference for the standardization of care protocols, including the use of more efficient personal protection equipment to control Covid-19's transmissibility. The review search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Scielo databases, World Health Organization, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brazilian Association of Dental Education, Federal Council of Dentistry, Regional Councils of Dentistry of the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais and college. Prioritizing the contents published between January and September 2020. Period corresponding to the beginning of the pandemic until the return of care activities in health courses in Minas Gerais. Seeking the documents that guided this return and that justified the adoption of the use of this personal protective equipment by college students.

Impact of a radiological protection campaign in emergency paediatric radiology: a multicentric observational study in Brazil.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of a paediatric radiological protection campaign, implemented in the emergency units of a healthcare provider network in Brazil. This campaign aimed to promote awareness among emergency department physicians, regarding justification of paediatric X-ray referrals for paranasal sinus, chest and CT exams, as a strategy to reduce exposure to ionising radiation. METHOD: Frequency analysis of common paediatric imaging referrals from 19 emergency departments was performed for a 3-year period (2015-2018) to coincide with before, during and after the implementation of the radiation protection campaign. The campaign was multifaceted and involved dissemination of educational materials and imaging referral guidelines along with quarterly meetings with participating centres' leaderships. Additionally, patient dose cards were distributed to patients/carers. The Chi-Square test was used to examine the association between the type of examination and the patient's age group. Exact-Fisher test was performed to check for an association between participant engagement and the existence of the radiation protection committee. RESULTS: Referrals reduced by 25% following the campaign with no reports of misdiagnosis. Many referrals in the youngest age groups. In 15 units, a radiological protection committee was created to raise awareness and to create a multi professional team to communicate the risks and benefits of radiological procedure in children. CONCLUSION: The campaign resulted in a substantial reduction in radiological referrals while promoting a radiation protection culture. Simple education initiatives can contribute to savings in both finances and radiation doses, particularly important in radiosensitive cohorts.

Autoetnografias dos entre-mundos: partindo de uma pedagogia freireana da esperança para expandir narrativas e políticas de inclusão / Performing Betweener Autoethnographies Against Persistent Us/ Them Essentializing: Leaning on a Freirean Pedagogy of Hope / Autoetnografías de entre mundos: partiendo de la pedagogía freireana de esperanza para expandir las narrativas y políticas de inclusión

Resumo Betweeners (palavra criada pelos autores): utilizamos essa possibilidade da língua inglesa (de tradução difícil) no decorrer desta versão em português para explicar as condições de pessoas que habitam o espaço entre mundos, entre fronteiras, concretas e socioculturais. Como escrever nossa história entrelaçada com a história de tantos humanos oprimidos, de tantas singularidades e universalidades compartilhadas? Buscamos uma autoetnografia que seja performativa e transgressora diante de desigualdades brutais, injustiças óbvias e justificativas esfarrapadas dadas por aqueles com mais privilégios e poder "para nomear o mundo". Nós procuramos por uma forma de ser e escrever que critica, sem desculpas, as estruturas de poder que moldam e conservam tais sistemas de opressão. Buscamos em nossa autoetnografia um modelo alternativo de escrita que exponha as quebras e as fendas de nossa existência nos tempos neocoloniais. Vemos a autoetnografia de betweeners como uma maneira de ser e de nos escrever na história de resistência contra opressão, injustiça e exclusão, uma que parta de nossa comunalidade humana e de identidades que compartilhamos. Escrevemos aqui uma articulação entre autoetnografia de betweeners e representações essencialistas em constante busca por justiça social.

Abstract How to write our history interlaced with the history of so many oppressed humans from so many singularities and shared universalities? We search for an autoethnography that is performative and transgressive in face of brutal inequalities, obvious injustice, and lame justifications by those with more privilege and power "to name the world." We search for a form of being and writing that goes, without apologies, after the structures of power that shape and maintain such systems of oppression. We search in our autoethnography an alternative model of writing that exposes the breaks and cracks of our existence in neo-colonial times. We see betweener autoethnography as a way of being and writing ourselves into the history of resistance against oppression, injustice, and exclusion, one that starts from our common humanity in betweener identities. We write, here, a joint betweener autoethnography against essentialist representations in name of justice.

Resumen Betweeners (palabra creada por los autores): utilizamos esta posibilidad del idioma inglés (difícil de traducir) a lo largo de esta versión portuguesa para explicar las condiciones de las personas que habitan el espacio entre mundos, entre fronteras, concreto y sociocultural. ¿Cómo escribir nuestra historia entrelazada con la historia de tantos humanos oprimidos, tantas singularidades y universalidades compartidas? Buscamos una autoetnografía performativa y transgresora frente a las desigualdades brutales, injusticias evidentes y justificativas poco convincentes de los que tienen más privilegios y poder para "nombrar el mundo". Buscamos una forma de ser y de escribir que critique sin disculpas las estructuras de poder que dan forma y mantienen tales sistemas de opresión. Buscamos en nuestra autoetnografía un modelo de escritura alternativo que exponga las hendiduras y fisuras de nuestra existencia en la época neocolonial. Vemos la autoetnografía de los Betweeners como una forma de ser y de se escribir en la historia de la resistencia contra la opresión, la injusticia y la exclusión, que parte de nuestra comunidad humana y de identidades compartidas. Aquí escribimos una articulación entre la autoetnografía de los Betweeners y las representaciones esencialistas en constante búsqueda de la justicia social.

Permita-me falar mais alto do que minhas cicatrizes / Allow me to speak louder than my scars / Déjame hablar más fuerte que mis cicatrices

Resumo Neste artigo, escolhi o método autoetnográfico para narrar um processo pós-operatório que mudou minha vida. Compilei uma série de emoções, impressões, poemas e documentos coletados durante cerca de dois anos de recuperação. Ao fazer isso, tentei expandir a discussão e desafiar a noção do modelo médico acerca de um corpo "curado/fixo", e até a ideia capacitista sobre o que seria um corpo "normal/ativo". Este artigo almejou responder a questões como 'o que significa ser um corpo deficiente em recuperação?';'Como o corpo deficiente deveria ser representado?'; e, antes que alguém possa perguntar, 'o que aconteceu com você?', eu busquei uma possível narrativa sobre mim, uma perspectiva centrada no paciente. O artigo está dividido em quatro partes, a saber: 1) 'Aperto de mãos com Dr. Q' - introdução; 2) 'O que está acontecendo?' - diagnóstico médico e suas especificidades; 3) Cura por meio de palavras - processo pós-operatório; e, na sequência, os meus 4) Pensamentos finais. Escrever como pesquisador na interseção entre o pessoal e o acadêmico foi uma decisão combinada da mente e um movimento do coração. Esse modo de escrever é sempre uma linha tênue a ser cruzada, mas com implicações frutíferas tanto para o campo dos estudos da deficiência quanto para a comunidade dos 'não-deficientes'.

Abstract In this paper, I have chosen the auto-ethnographic method to narrate a life-changing post-surgery process, compiling a range of emotions, impressions, poems, and documents collected over the last two years of a significant recovery. In doing so, I attempt to expand the discussion and challenge the medical model notion of a 'cured/fixed' body, even the ableist idea of a 'normal/active' body. This paper aims to answer questions like 'what does it mean to be a disabled body in recovery?' 'How should the disabled body be represented?' And before someone can ask, 'What happened to you?' I will answer, controlling the narrative about me by giving a patient-process perspective. The paper is divided into four parts 1) 'Our handshake' - the introduction; 2) 'What is going on?' - The illness and medical technicalities; 3) Recovering through words - The after-surgery process, and; 4) Final thoughts - always an ongoing process. It was a concerted decision of the mind and a move from the heart to write as a researcher at the intersection between the personal and academic; it is always a blurred line to cross, but one with fruitful implications for the 'not-disabled' and Disability Studies community.

Resumen En este artículo, elegí el método autoetnográfico para narrar un proceso posoperatorio que cambió mi vida, recopilé una serie de emociones, impresiones, poemas y documentos recopilados durante aproximadamente dos años de recuperación. Al hacerlo, traté de expandir la discusión y desafiar la noción del modelo médico de un cuerpo "curado / fijo", e incluso la idea capacitiva de lo que sería un cuerpo "normal / activo". Este artículo tenía como objetivo responder preguntas como '¿qué significa ser un cuerpo discapacitado en recuperación? "¿Cómo debería representarse el cuerpo discapacitado? Y antes de que alguien pueda preguntar: '¿Qué me pasó?', Busqué una posible narrativa sobre mí, una perspectiva centrada en el paciente. El artículo se divide en cuatro partes, a saber: 1) "Apretón de manos con el Dr. Q": introducción; 2) "¿Qué está pasando?": Diagnóstico médico y sus especificidades; 3) Curación a través de palabras - proceso postoperatorio; y luego mis 4) Pensamientos finales. Escribir como investigador en la intersección de lo personal y lo académico fue una decisión combinada de la mente y un movimiento del corazón; Esta forma de escribir es siempre una línea muy fina que cruzar, pero con implicaciones fructíferas tanto para el campo de los estudios de la discapacidad como para la comunidad "no discapacitada".

Changes in perceived knowledge about childbirth among pregnant women participating in the Senses of Birth intervention in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Senses of Birth (SoB) is a health education intervention in Brazil that aims to reduce unnecessary cesareans in the country by providing information on reproductive rights, benefits and risks of childbirth, and use of intrapartum evidence-based practices (EBP) which are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve childbirth outcomes and satisfaction. This study evaluates the impact of the SoB on pregnant women's perceived knowledge about normal birth (NB), cesarean, and use of EBP. METHODS: 1287 pregnant women answered a structured survey immediately after their visit to the intervention, between March 2015 and March 2016. To estimate the potential impact of the intervention on women's perceived knowledge, and possible associations between sociodemographic characteristics and perceived knowledge, statistical analyses were performed, including paired T-tests, ANOVA, and logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS: The mean score (MS) of perceived knowledge after the intervention was higher than the MS before experiencing the intervention for all three knowledge domains: Normal Birth (MS Before = 3.71 x MS After = 4.49), Cesarean (MS Before = 3.54 x MS After = 4.26) and EBPs (MS Before = 3.14 x MS After = 4.14). The results suggest that perceived knowledge increased more for low-income women (B = 0.206; p < 0.001 for EBP), women without private health insurance (OR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.49-4.09 for NB), with private prenatal care (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.59-3.66 for NB), experiencing their first pregnancy (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31-2.82 for EBP; OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03-1.84 for NB; OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03-1.84 for cesarean), and in their first or second trimester (OR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.39 for EBP; OR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.97 for NB; OR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.40-2.41 for cesarean). CONCLUSION: The study showed that participation in the SoB was associated with an increase in perceived knowledge among Brazilian pregnant women. The intervention gains relevance considering the lack of evidence of the impact of non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary cesareans in middle and low-income countries.

Osmophobia and Odor-Triggered Headaches in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Importance in the Diagnosis of Migraine.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to study osmophobia and odor-triggered headaches among headache pediatric patients. BACKGROUND: Achieving the correct diagnosis for headaches in younger children can be challenging. The presence of osmophobia could constitute a helpful piece of information for making the correct diagnosis of headaches among adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Children and adolescents with headaches who were seen consecutively at a pediatric outpatient service and had at least 1 headache attack over the previous 12 months were included. We used a semi-structured questionnaire, Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Children's Depression Inventory. RESULTS: About 300 patients were included; 253 had migraine, 47 had a tension-type headache; 137 had osmophobia during headaches (135 were migraineurs). "Osmophobia during headaches" for diagnosing migraine: Sensitivity: 54.4% (95% CI: 48.2%-60.5%); specificity: 95.8% (95% CI: 85.8%-98.8%); positive predictive value (PPV): 98.5% (95% CI: 94.8%-99.6%); negative predictive value (NPV): 28.5% (95% CI: 22.0%-36.0%). Osmophobia was associated with higher intensity (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.63, 5.15; P < .001) and duration of the headache (OR: 5.73; 95% CI: 2.29, 14.3; P < .001) and with vomiting (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.83, 6.96; P < .001) (logistic regression). There were 62 patients (all of them migraineurs) with odor-triggered headaches: sensitivity for diagnosing migraine: 24.9% (95% CI: 19.9%-30.6%); specificity: 100% (95% CI: 92.4%-100%), PPV: 100% (95% CI: 94.8%-100%), NPV: 20% (95% CI: 16%-26.0%). Odor-triggered headaches were associated with higher intensity (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.64, 7.35; P = .001) and duration of the headache (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.37, 7.86; P = .001), vomiting (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.74; P = .014), and phonophobia (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.08, 5.32; P = .031) (logistic regression). Osmophobia was associated with higher-impact migraine (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.30, 16.6; P = .018) and emergency care (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.81, 12.0; P = .001) (logistic regression). CONCLUSIONS: Osmophobia and odors as triggers for headaches are useful in diagnosing migraine and are markers for the severity of migraine in the pediatric population.

Sentidos do Nascer: exposição interativa para a mudança de cultura sobre o parto e nascimento no Brasil / Sentidos del Nacer - exposición interactiva para el cambio de cultura sobre el parto y el nacimiento en Brasil / Senses of Birth: An interactive and provocative exhibition to change the culture about childbirth in Brazil

A exposição Sentidos do Nascer (SDN) é uma ação de educomunicação inovadora que visa contribuir para mudança de cultura sobre o parto e nascimento no Brasil, incentivar o parto normal e apoiar a redução das elevadas taxas de cesarianas desnecessárias. Trata-se de uma exposição imersiva e interativa que articula linguagens e técnicas para sensibilizar o grande público e instigá-lo, de forma lúdica, a conhecer mais e se posicionar criticamente sobre a temática. Este artigo descreve as estratégias e dispositivos desenvolvidos para sensibilização e envolvimento do público no debate sobre o modelo assistencial ao parto e nascimento, bem como a metodologia utilizada para avaliar os efeitos e mudanças no conhecimento e percepção dos visitantes. Houve considerável mudança de opinião e percepção e ampliação do conhecimento sobre o parto e nascimento, revelando o potencial dessa estratégia em saúde.(AU)

La exposición "Sentidos del nacer" es una acción de educomunicación innovadora cuyo objetivo es contribuir con el cambio de cultura sobre el parto y el nacimiento en Brasil, incentivar el parto normal y dar apoyo a la reducción de los elevados índices de cesárea innecesarias. Se trata de una exposición de inmersión e interactiva que articula lenguajes y técnicas para sensibilizar al gran público e instigarlo, de forma lúdica, para que conozca más y se posicione críticamente sobre la temática. Este artículo describe las estrategias y dispositivos desarrollados para la sensibilización y el envolvimiento del público en el debate sobre el modelo asistencial al parto y al nacimiento, así como la metodología utilizada para evaluar los efectos y cambios en el conocimiento y percepción de los visitantes. Hubo un considerable cambio de opinión, percepción y ampliación del conocimiento sobre el parto y el nacimiento, revelando el potencial de esta estrategia de salud.(AU)

The Senses of Birth exhibit is an innovative educommunication action that seeks to contribute to a change in culture regarding childbirth in Brazil, giving incentive to normal childbirth and making a case for the reduction of unnecessary cesarean (C-section) rates. It is an immersive and interactive exhibition that articulates languages and techniques to raise awareness and instigate the general public, in a playful manner, to increase knowledge and promote a critical position on the subject. The article describes the strategies and devices used to raise the public´s awareness and involvement in the debate concerning childbirth care, as well as analyzes the effects and changes in the visitor´s knowledge and perception about childbirth. The results show considerable changes in opinion and perception favoring normal childbirth and an increase in knowledge related to forms of childbirth care and best practices, revealing the potential of this educational health strategy.(AU)

Obstetric violence: influences of the Senses of Birth exhibition in pregnant women childbirth experience. / Violência obstétrica: influência da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer na vivência das gestantes.

Excessive interventions during labor in Brazil have been reported as disrespect and abuse and contribute to neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The Senses of Birth exhibition aims to encourage normal birth to promote health and improve the experience of childbirth in the country. This article describes the characteristics of 555 women who visited the exhibition during pregnancy and their perception of obstetric violence in childbirth. Obstetric violence was reported by 12.6% of the women, mostly low-income and unmarried. It was associated to lithotomic position and Kristeller maneuver during childbirth and non-immediate skin-to-skin contact with the baby. The main categories of obstetric violence reported were: not accepted interventions /accepted interventions on the basis of partial information (36.9%), undignified care / verbal abuse (33.0%); physical abuse (13.6%); non-confidential / non-privative care (2.9%) and discrimination (2.9%). Visiting the exhibition significantly increased pregnant women's knowledge about obstetric violence. However, recognition of obsolete or harmful practices as obstetric violence was still low. Initiatives such as Senses of Birth may contribute to increase knowledge and social mobilization to disseminate good practices in childbirth care.

O excesso de intervenções no parto no Brasil tem sido reportado como violência obstétrica e contribui para os índices elevados morbi-mortalidade materna e neonatal. A exposição Sentidos do Nascer busca incentivar o parto normal para promover a saúde e melhorar a experiência de parir e nascer no País. Este artigo analisa o perfil e a experiência de parto de 555 mulheres que visitaram a exposição durante a gestação, com enfoque na percepção sobre violência obstétrica. A violência obstétrica foi reportada por 12,6% das mulheres e associada ao estado civil, à menor renda, à ausência de companheiro, ao parto em posição litotômica, à realização da manobra de Kristeller e à separação precoce do bebê após o parto. Predominaram nos relatos de violência obstétrica: intervenção não consentida/aceita com informações parciais, cuidado indigno/abuso verbal; abuso físico; cuidado não confidencial/privativo e discriminação. A visita à exposição aumentou o conhecimento das gestantes sobre violência obstétrica. Entretanto, o reconhecimento de procedimentos obsoletos ou danosos na assistência ao parto como violência obstétrica foi ainda baixo. Iniciativas como esta podem contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento e a mobilização social sobre as práticas na assistência ao parto e nascimento.

Violência obstétrica: influência da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer na vivência das gestantes / Obstetric violence: influences of the Senses of Birth exhibition in pregnant women childbirth experience

Resumo O excesso de intervenções no parto no Brasil tem sido reportado como violência obstétrica e contribui para os índices elevados morbi-mortalidade materna e neonatal. A exposição Sentidos do Nascer busca incentivar o parto normal para promover a saúde e melhorar a experiência de parir e nascer no País. Este artigo analisa o perfil e a experiência de parto de 555 mulheres que visitaram a exposição durante a gestação, com enfoque na percepção sobre violência obstétrica. A violência obstétrica foi reportada por 12,6% das mulheres e associada ao estado civil, à menor renda, à ausência de companheiro, ao parto em posição litotômica, à realização da manobra de Kristeller e à separação precoce do bebê após o parto. Predominaram nos relatos de violência obstétrica: intervenção não consentida/aceita com informações parciais, cuidado indigno/abuso verbal; abuso físico; cuidado não confidencial/privativo e discriminação. A visita à exposição aumentou o conhecimento das gestantes sobre violência obstétrica. Entretanto, o reconhecimento de procedimentos obsoletos ou danosos na assistência ao parto como violência obstétrica foi ainda baixo. Iniciativas como esta podem contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento e a mobilização social sobre as práticas na assistência ao parto e nascimento.

Abstract Excessive interventions during labor in Brazil have been reported as disrespect and abuse and contribute to neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The Senses of Birth exhibition aims to encourage normal birth to promote health and improve the experience of childbirth in the country. This article describes the characteristics of 555 women who visited the exhibition during pregnancy and their perception of obstetric violence in childbirth. Obstetric violence was reported by 12.6% of the women, mostly low-income and unmarried. It was associated to lithotomic position and Kristeller maneuver during childbirth and non-immediate skin-to-skin contact with the baby. The main categories of obstetric violence reported were: not accepted interventions /accepted interventions on the basis of partial information (36.9%), undignified care / verbal abuse (33.0%); physical abuse (13.6%); non-confidential / non-privative care (2.9%) and discrimination (2.9%). Visiting the exhibition significantly increased pregnant women's knowledge about obstetric violence. However, recognition of obsolete or harmful practices as obstetric violence was still low. Initiatives such as Senses of Birth may contribute to increase knowledge and social mobilization to disseminate good practices in childbirth care.

[Meanings of the childbirth plan for women that participated in the Meanings of Childbirth Exhibit]. / Os significados e sentidos do plano de parto para as mulheres que participaram da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer.

This study aimed to analyze the perspective of women who used the childbirth plan on their childbirth experience, the meanings of the childbirth plan and its components, and the relationship between the childbirth plan and labor and delivery. A qualitative descriptive study was performed. Data were collected with the questionnaire Meanings of Birth - Postpartum Contacts, applied via telephone contact. The study included women from the city and greater metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, that participated in the Meanings of Childbirth Exhibit in May-June 2015 and March 2016, when they were pregnant, with date of previous childbirth having occurred at least a year previously and without having experienced abortion. The questions were analyzed with content analysis. Data analysis revealed the following categories related to the childbirth plan: "presence of an accompanying person", "information on procedures", "use of pain relief methods", "use of anesthesia to continue with normal delivery", "eating during labor", "presence of a doula", "no unnecessary intervention", "normal delivery", "umbilical cord cut after pulsation", "presence of postpartum breastfeeding", and "respect/treatment". There was a direct relationship between performing the childbirth plan and a positive childbirth experience. This highlights the importance of using the childbirth plan as a technique that favors a positive childbirth experience. Women's development of the plan during prenatal care and its use by the attending healthcare team contributes to favorable labor.

O objetivo foi analisar a percepção das mulheres que realizaram o plano de parto sobre a experiência de parto, os significados do plano de parto, seus elementos constituintes e a relação do plano de parto com o trabalho de parto e parto. Um estudo descritivo qualitativo foi realizado. Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário Sentidos do Nascer - Contatos Pós-parto, aplicado via contato telefônico. Incluiu mulheres de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e região metropolitana que participaram da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer, no período de maio a junho de 2015 e março de 2016, quando estavam grávidas, com data do parto anterior ocorrida há mais de um ano e não ter tido abortamento. O tratamento analítico empregado foi a análise de conteúdo das questões. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias referentes ao plano de parto: "presença de acompanhante", "informações sobre os procedimentos", "uso de métodos de alívio de dor", "o uso de anestesia para a continuação do parto normal", "alimentação durante o trabalho de parto", "presença da doula", "não haver intervenção desnecessária", "realização do parto normal", "corte do cordão umbilical após cessar pulsação", "presença e amamentação de recém-nascido pós-parto" e "respeito/tratamento". Observou-se relação direta com a realização do plano de parto e a experiência do parto positiva. Destaca-se a importância da utilização do plano de parto como uma tecnologia que favorece a experiência positiva do parto. A construção do plano pelas mulheres durante o pré-natal e a realização dele por parte da equipe de saúde contribuíram para o desenvolvimento favorável do trabalho de parto.

El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de las mujeres que participaron en el plan de parto sobre su experiencia durante el mismo, los significados del plan de parto, sus elementos constituyentes y la relación del plan de parto con el trabajo de parto y el parto en sí. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cualitativo. Los datos se recogieron mediante el cuestionario Sentidos de Nacer - Contactos Posparto, aplicado por contacto telefónico. Incluyó a mujeres de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, y región metropolitana que participaron en la Exposición Sentidos de Nacer, durante el período de mayo a junio de 2015 y marzo de 2016, cuando estaban embarazadas, con un parto anterior con fecha de hacía más de un año y no haber sufrido un aborto. El tratamiento analítico empleado fue el análisis de contenido de las cuestiones. A partir del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías referentes al plan de parto: "presencia de acompañante", "información sobre los procedimientos", "uso de métodos para aliviar el dolor", "uso de anestesia para continuar con el parto normal", "alimentación durante el trabajo de parto", "presencia de una partera", "inexistencia de intervención innecesaria", "realización de parto normal", "corte del cordón umbilical tras cesar la pulsación", "presencia y lactancia de recién nacido posparto" y "respeto/tratamiento". Se observó la relación directa con la realización del plan de parto y la experiencia de parto positiva. Se destaca la importancia de la utilización del plan de parto como una tecnología que favorece la experiencia positiva del parto. La construcción del plan por parte de las mujeres durante el período prenatal y la realización del mismo, por parte del equipo de salud, contribuyen al desarrollo favorable del trabajo de parto.

The Senses of Birth intervention to decrease cesarean and prematurity rates in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To increase knowledge and promote cultural change toward valuing normal birth, and to lower rates of cesarean and unnecessary interventions during childbirth in Brazil via the Senses of Birth (SoB) exhibition. METHODS: The SoB intervention targeted 22 621 participants in three Brazilian cities in 2015. The effects of the exhibition in knowledge, perceptions, and preferences regarding childbirth were analyzed in a multi-method study. Pre- and post-exhibition survey responses of 17 501 (77.0%) visitors, 1947 (8.6%) non-pregnant women, and all pregnant women (n=1287) were collected at the exhibition. A follow-up survey was completed by 555 (43.0%) postpartum women who had participated at SoB while pregnant. Univariate analyses were used to compare before and after changes. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in knowledge about normal birth, varying from 10.0% to 25.0% among general visitors (P<0.001) and 27.3% to 42.0% among pregnant women (P<0.001). Perceptions and preferences for normal birth also changed, reaching 83.0% of general visitors and 87.4% of pregnant women. CONCLUSION: SoB was found to effectively improve knowledge about and preference for normal birth. Scaling-up the intervention might contribute to cultural change toward valuing normal birth, and might decrease the rate of unnecessary cesarean and premature birth in Brazil.

Os significados e sentidos do plano de parto para as mulheres que participaram da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer / Meanings of the childbirth plan for women that participated in the Meanings of Childbirth Exhibit / Los significados y sentidos del plan de parto para las mujeres que participaron en la Exposición Sentidos de Nacer

Resumo: O objetivo foi analisar a percepção das mulheres que realizaram o plano de parto sobre a experiência de parto, os significados do plano de parto, seus elementos constituintes e a relação do plano de parto com o trabalho de parto e parto. Um estudo descritivo qualitativo foi realizado. Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário Sentidos do Nascer - Contatos Pós-parto, aplicado via contato telefônico. Incluiu mulheres de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e região metropolitana que participaram da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer, no período de maio a junho de 2015 e março de 2016, quando estavam grávidas, com data do parto anterior ocorrida há mais de um ano e não ter tido abortamento. O tratamento analítico empregado foi a análise de conteúdo das questões. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias referentes ao plano de parto: "presença de acompanhante", "informações sobre os procedimentos", "uso de métodos de alívio de dor", "o uso de anestesia para a continuação do parto normal", "alimentação durante o trabalho de parto", "presença da doula", "não haver intervenção desnecessária", "realização do parto normal", "corte do cordão umbilical após cessar pulsação", "presença e amamentação de recém-nascido pós-parto" e "respeito/tratamento". Observou-se relação direta com a realização do plano de parto e a experiência do parto positiva. Destaca-se a importância da utilização do plano de parto como uma tecnologia que favorece a experiência positiva do parto. A construção do plano pelas mulheres durante o pré-natal e a realização dele por parte da equipe de saúde contribuíram para o desenvolvimento favorável do trabalho de parto.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the perspective of women who used the childbirth plan on their childbirth experience, the meanings of the childbirth plan and its components, and the relationship between the childbirth plan and labor and delivery. A qualitative descriptive study was performed. Data were collected with the questionnaire Meanings of Birth - Postpartum Contacts, applied via telephone contact. The study included women from the city and greater metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, that participated in the Meanings of Childbirth Exhibit in May-June 2015 and March 2016, when they were pregnant, with date of previous childbirth having occurred at least a year previously and without having experienced abortion. The questions were analyzed with content analysis. Data analysis revealed the following categories related to the childbirth plan: "presence of an accompanying person", "information on procedures", "use of pain relief methods", "use of anesthesia to continue with normal delivery", "eating during labor", "presence of a doula", "no unnecessary intervention", "normal delivery", "umbilical cord cut after pulsation", "presence of postpartum breastfeeding", and "respect/treatment". There was a direct relationship between performing the childbirth plan and a positive childbirth experience. This highlights the importance of using the childbirth plan as a technique that favors a positive childbirth experience. Women's development of the plan during prenatal care and its use by the attending healthcare team contributes to favorable labor.

Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de las mujeres que participaron en el plan de parto sobre su experiencia durante el mismo, los significados del plan de parto, sus elementos constituyentes y la relación del plan de parto con el trabajo de parto y el parto en sí. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cualitativo. Los datos se recogieron mediante el cuestionario Sentidos de Nacer - Contactos Posparto, aplicado por contacto telefónico. Incluyó a mujeres de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, y región metropolitana que participaron en la Exposición Sentidos de Nacer, durante el período de mayo a junio de 2015 y marzo de 2016, cuando estaban embarazadas, con un parto anterior con fecha de hacía más de un año y no haber sufrido un aborto. El tratamiento analítico empleado fue el análisis de contenido de las cuestiones. A partir del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías referentes al plan de parto: "presencia de acompañante", "información sobre los procedimientos", "uso de métodos para aliviar el dolor", "uso de anestesia para continuar con el parto normal", "alimentación durante el trabajo de parto", "presencia de una partera", "inexistencia de intervención innecesaria", "realización de parto normal", "corte del cordón umbilical tras cesar la pulsación", "presencia y lactancia de recién nacido posparto" y "respeto/tratamiento". Se observó la relación directa con la realización del plan de parto y la experiencia de parto positiva. Se destaca la importancia de la utilización del plan de parto como una tecnología que favorece la experiencia positiva del parto. La construcción del plan por parte de las mujeres durante el período prenatal y la realización del mismo, por parte del equipo de salud, contribuyen al desarrollo favorable del trabajo de parto.

Educando en un ambiente enriquecido: porque todos estamos conectados / Educating in an enriched environment: because we are all connected

El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer las diferentes vertientes que sustentan el proceso del aprendizaje en base a un concepto que ha alcanzado una gran importancia en los últimos años, el Ambiente Enriquecido (AE). Un término que ha sido emanado desde la biología, con diversos estudios de laboratorio realizados por científicos de renombre mundial y que, progresivamente ha ido incorporándose a disciplinas como la Psicología y la Pedagogía. En este artículo proponemos la descripción del impacto de este concepto en el proceso de aprendizaje experimentado por los seres humanos y su abordaje desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Comenzamos por describir las bases neurofisiológicas del aprendizaje, con los fundamentos de la teoría neuronal como principal protagonista, pasando por la importancia de la Plasticidad Sináptica (PS) en el proceso de aprendizaje, el fenómeno de la Potenciación a Largo Plazo (PLP), como proceso generador de redes neuronales efectivas y sólidas. Posteriormente abordamos la génesis del Ambiente Enriquecido, con su origen en los experimentos con ratones de laboratorio, para posteriormente describir los conceptos y términos que han emanado del mismo que han sido aplicables a la Psicología Educacional tales como el Ambiente Desafiante, los instrumentos necesarios para su implementación y también el importante rol de las emociones en el proceso de aprendizaje de los sujetos. Finalmente, describimos el rol de la Pedagogía en la aplicación de actividades efectivas que conduzcan a un aprendizaje significativo en base al Ambiente Enriquecido.

The aim of this review is to present different strands that sustain the learning process based on a concept that has reached a major importance in recent years, the Enriched Environment (EE). A term that has been emerged from biology, with various laboratory studies conducted by world-renowned scientists and that has progressively been incorporated into disciplines such as Psychology and Education. In this article, we propose the description of the impact of this concept on the learning process experienced by human beings and its approach from a multidisciplinary perspective. We begin by describing the neurophysiological bases of learning, with the fundamentals of neuronal theory as the main protagonist, passing through the importance of Synaptic Plasticity (SP) in the learning process, the phenomenon of Long Term Potentiation (LTP), as a generating process of effective and solid neural networks. Subsequently, we covered the genesis of the Enriched Environment, with its origin in the experiments with laboratory mice, to later describe the concepts and terms that have emanated from it and have been applicable to Educational Psychology, such as Challenging Environment, the necessary instruments for its implementation and the important role of emotions in the subjects' learning process. Finally, we describe the role of Education in the implementation of effective activities that lead to meaningful learning based on the Enriched Environment.

Three-dimensional oil dispersion model in the Campos Basin, Brazil.

This paper presents the physical and mathematical formulation of a three-dimensional oil dispersion model that calculates the trajectory from the seafloor to the sea surface, its assumptions and constraints. It was developed by researchers who are familiar with oil spill dispersion and mathematical analysis. Oil dispersion is calculated through two computational routines. The first calculates the vertical dispersion along the water column and resamples the droplets when the oil reaches the surface. The second calculates the surface displacement of the spill. This model is based on the Eulerian approach, and it uses numerical solution schemes in time and in space to solve the equation for advective-diffusive transport. A case study based on an actual accident that happened in the Campos Basin, in Rio de Janeiro state, considering the instant spill of 1000 m3 was used to evaluate the proposed model. After calculating the vertical transport, it was estimated that the area covered by the oil spill on the surface was about 35,685 m². After calculating the dispersion at the surface, the plume area was estimated as 20% of the initial area, resulting in a final area of 28,548 m².