Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Oleoresin from the Amazonian Tree Copaifera reticulata with an Unusual Chemical Composition in Rats.

Copaifera reticulata Ducke is a popularly known species known as copaíba that is widely spread throughout the Amazon region. The tree yields an oleoresin which is extensively used in local traditional medicine mainly as an anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of this oleoresin obtained from a national forest in the central Amazon which presented an unusual chemical composition. The chemical composition of volatile compounds of oleoresin was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity assay was performed with a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and air pouch assays using four different C. reticulata oleoresin concentrations (10, 100, and 400 mg/kg). The exudate was evaluated for nitrite concentration through the colorimetric method and for TNF-α, IL-1ß, and PGE2 by ELISA. C. reticulata oleoresin collected in the Amazonian summer contained six major sesquiterpene compounds (ß-bisabolene, cis-eudesma-6,11-diene, trans-α-bergamotene, ß-selinene, α-selinene, and ß-elemene) and was nontoxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, showing low acute toxicity. Different from oleoresin obtained from other sites of the Brazilian Amazon, the major volatile compound found was ß-Bisabolene with 25.15%. This ß-Bisabolene-rich oleoresin reduced the formation of paw edema induced by carrageenan and reduced the global number of cells in the air pouch assay, as well as exudate volume and nitrite, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and prostaglandin E2 levels (p < 0.05). C. reticulata oleoresin with a high ß-Bisabolene concentration showed anti-inflammatory activity, reducing vascular permeability and consequently edema formation, and thus reducing cell migration and the production of inflammatory cytokine, confirming its traditional use by local Amazonian communities.

IFN-α as a time-sensitive biomarker during Oropouche virus infection in early and late seroconverters.

In the present study, patients with acute OROV fever were classified as early seroconverters (IgM/IgG positive at baseline) or late seroconverters (IgM/IgG negative at baseline) and the timeline kinetics of the production of chemokines and cytokines were assessed at 1-3, 4-7, 8-10 and ≥11 days after patients have reported the first symptoms. Regardless immunoglobulin profile, all OROV fever patients presented higher levels of CXCL8, and IFN-α and lower levels of TNF and IL-10 at baseline as compared to healthy donors (HD). Lower levels of CCL2, CXCL10, and IFN-γ and higher levels of CCL2, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-17A were detected in early and late seroconverters, respectively, as compared to HD. While early seroconverters presented the increasing levels of CCL2 along the timeline, late seroconverters displayed decreasing levels of CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-6 following days of disease onset. Noteworthy was that IFN-α was revealed as universal biomarker of human OROV fever, while CXCL8 & IL-5 and CXCL10 & IL-17 were consistently observed in early and late seroconverters, respectively. Thus, our results suggest that the production of IFN-α, CXCL10, and IL-17 precede the seroconversion bringing novel insights on the immunological events triggered by the OROV disease.

Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis is not more severe or frequent after Crossfit than after Running or Strength training programsol / La rabdomiolisis inducida por el ejercicio no es mas severa o frecuente después de Crossfit que después de carrera continua o programas de entrenamiento de fuerza / A rabdomiólise induzida pelo exercício não é mais grave ou frequente após o Crossfit do que após programas de corrida contínua ou de treinamento de força

OBJECTIVE: Rhabdomyolysis is the death (lysis) of muscle fibers due to direct or indirect muscle injury, with release of the fiber content into the bloodstream. Several conditions are triggering the rhabdomyolysis, for example, changes in body temperature, intoxications and strenuous exercise. Although often the condition of the disease in question are associated with programs of extreme conditioning, specifically to Crossfit, there are few scientific data that prove such a relationship or lack thereof. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence and severity of cases of rhabdomyolysis in different modalities of training, Crossfit, strength training and Running. METHOD: A case study was carried out in 20 clinics in the city of Belém in the state of Pará. Data analysis was used to characterize the sample. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used and, based on the results, the data were submitted to non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: The results showed that no differences were found between the proportions (χ² = 3.44; p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of cases and their severity is similar between running, training and Crossfit

OBJETIVO: La rabdomiolisis es la muerte (lisis) de las fibras musculares debido a una lesión muscular directa o indirecta, con liberación del contenido de las fibras al torrente sanguíneo. Varias condiciones son desencadenantes de los cuadros de rabdomiólisis, por expor, cambios de la temperatura corporal, intoxicaciones y ejercicio extenuante. Aunque a menudo los cuadros de la enfermedad en cuestión se asocian a programas de condicionamiento extremo, específicamente a Crossfit, poco se tienen datos científicos que demuestren tal relación o la falta de ella. El estudio en cuestión tiene por objetivo hacer un levantamiento de incidencia y severidad de casos de rabdomiólisis en diferentes modalidades de entrenamiento, Crossfit, entrenamiento de fuerza y Carrera. MÉTODO: Se realizó un relevamiento de casos en 20 clínicas en la ciudad de Belém do Pará. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para la caracterización de la muestra. Se utilizó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk y, sobre la base de los resultados, los datos se sometieron a las pruebas no paramétricas de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Los resultados demostraron que no se encontraron diferencias entre las proporciones (χ² = 3.44, p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONES: La frecuencia de casos y la severidad de los mismos es similar entre carrera, entrenamiento de fuerza y Crossfit

OBJETIVO: A rabdomiólise é a morte (lise) das fibras musculares devido a uma lesão muscular direta ou indireta, com liberação do conteúdo das fibras para a corrente sanguínea. Várias condições são desencadeadoras dos quadros de rabdomiólise, por exempo, alterações da temperatura corporal, intoxicações e exercício extenuante. Ainda que por muitas vezes os quadros da doença em questão serem associadas a programas de condicionamento extremo, especificamente ao Crossfit, pouco se tem dados ciêntificos que comprovem tal relação ou a falta dela. O estudo em questão tem por objetivo fazer um levantamento de incidência e severidade de casos de rabdomiólise em diferentes modalidades de treinamento, Crossfit, treinamento de força e Corrida. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um levantamento de casos em 20 clínicas na cidade de Belém do Pará. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se da estatística descritiva para a caracterização da amostra. Utilizou-se o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e, com base nos resultados, os dados foram submetidos ao testes não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram que não foram encontradas diferenças entre as proporções (χ² = 3.44; p = 0.17). CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de casos e a severidade dos mesmo é semelhante entre corrida, treinamento de força e Crossfit

O rendimento da prova tuberculínica entre comunicantes de portadores de tuberculose pulmonar em Belém-PA / The efficiency of tuberculin test among the contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis in Belém-PA

Objetivo: Determinar o rendimento da Proteína Purificada Derivada (PPD) em comunicantes de tuberculose pulmonar ativa. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa realizado em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde localizadas em Belém-PA. Participaram da pesquisa 42 comunicantes de ambos os sexos. As informações foram colhidas por meio de um formulário estruturado, com perguntas fechadas e finalizadas com a realização da aplicação do PPD. Resultados: O rendimento do PPD apresentou 22 comunicantes (52,3%) positivos, 19 comunicantes (45,2%) negativos e 1 contato (2,3%) não retornou para a avaliação. Conclusão: A pesquisa demonstra que a maior parte dos comunicantes que realizam a prova tuberculínica podem estar infectados pelo Bacilo de Koch.

Objective: To determine the efificiency of Derived Purified Protein (PPD) in active pulmonary TB patients. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out in two Basic Health Units located in Belém-PA. Participated in the scientific study 42 contacts of both sexes, which the information was collected through a structured form, with closed questions and finalized with the implementation of the PPD. Results: The PPD efficiency presented 22 positive (52.3%) communicants, 19 negative (45.2%) and 1 contact (2.3%) did not return to the evaluation. Conclusion: Research shows that most contacts who perform the tuberculin test may be infected by Koch bacillus.

Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento de la Proteína Purificada Derivada (PPD) en comunicantes de tuberculosis pulmonar activa. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal y de abordaje cuantitativo realizado en dos Unidades Básicas de Salud ubicadas en Belém-PA. Participaron de la encuesta 42 comunicantes de ambos sexos. La información fue recogida a través de un formulario estructurado, con preguntas cerradas y finalizadas con la aplicación del PPD. Resultados: El ingreso del PPD presentó 22 comunicantes (52,3%) positivos, 19 comunicantes (45,2%) negativos y 1 contacto (2,3%) no regresó para la evaluación. Conclusión: La investigación demuestra que la mayor parte de los comunicantes que realizan la prueba tuberculínica pueden estar infectados por el Bacilo de Koch.

Efeitos do método pareado agonista-antagonista utilizando séries múltiplas sobre o desempenho de repetições máximas para membros inferiores / Effects of the agonist-antagonist paired sets method using multiple sets on maximum number of repetitions performance for lower limbs

Introdução: O método pareado agonista-antagonista (PAA) consiste em estimular previamente a musculatura musculatura antagonista do grupo muscular que se deseja otimizar, aumentando a ativação neural e força dos músculos agonistas. Objetivo: Comparar o método tradicional vs PAA sobre o trabalho total (TT) e volume de treinamento (VT) no exercício cadeira extensora (CE). Métodos: Doze mulheres treinadas realizaram dois protocolos experimentais randomizados: método tradicional - quatro séries da CE até a falha concêntrica; método PAA: quatro séries de mesa flexora (MF) + CE até a falha concêntrica. Foi dado um intervalo de 30 segundos entre os dois exercícios. Resultados: Pôde-se observar diferença significativa tanto no TT como VT, para o método PAA quando comparado ao tradicional. Conclusão: Sugere-se assim que o método PAA apresenta-se como melhor estratégia para otimização do desempenho de repetições máximas se comparado ao método tradicional, além de apresentar possibilidade de redução no tempo despendido para o treinamento.

Introduction: The agonist-antagonist paired set method (PAA) consists of previously stimulating the antagonist muscle of the muscle group to be optimized, increasing the neural activation and agonist muscle strength. Objective: To compare the traditional method vs PAA on total work (TT) and training volume (VT) in the leg extension exercise (LE). Methods: Twelve trained women performed two randomized experimental protocols: traditional method - four LE sets until a concentric failure; PAA Method: four sets of leg curl (LC) + CE until a concentric failure. An interval of 30 seconds was given between the two exercises. Results: A significant difference was observed in both TT and VT, for the PAA method compared to the traditional method. Conclusion: It is suggested that the PAA method presents itself as a better strategy for optimizing the maximum number of repetitions performance when compared to the traditional method, in addition to the possibility of reducing the length of training.

Resource Partitioning between Two Piranhas (Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus) in an Amazonian Reservoir.

The exploitation of resources by closely related species with similar niches may be mediated by differences in activity patterns, which may vary in nycthemeral scale and seasonal scale. Piranhas Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus are Neotropical predators that occur sympatrically in many environments of the Amazon basin. To evaluate the strategies adopted by these two species in a restricted environment (a reservoir), nycthemeral and seasonal samples were made, identifying the composition of the diet and their activity patterns. A total of 402 specimens were collected: 341 S. gibbus and 61 S. rhombeus. Both species fed themselves primarily on fish, with some seasonal variation being found in S. gibbus during the flood season, when plant material was consumed. There was considerable temporal overlap in the foraging behavior of the two species, although S. rhombeus presented a bimodal pattern of abundance over the 24-hour cycle. S. rhombeus was more active during the nighttime, between dusk and early morning, whereas S. gibbus was active throughout the nycthemeral cycle. These findings indicate low levels of competition between the two species, which allowed for a considerable overlap in nighttime foraging, following distinct nycthemeral patterns of foraging activity and allowing their coexistence.

Is TGF-beta important for the evolution of subcutaneuos chronic mycoses?

Jorge Lobo's and chromoblastomycosis are chronic deep mycosis that clinically manifests as keloid and verrucous polymorphic lesions of solid consistency and variable size that contain small scales and crusts. Few studies are available in the literature characterizing the in situ cellular and humoral immune response, especially the involvement of cytokines which immunosuppressive and fibrogenic effects as the TGF-beta. The hypothesis of the present paper is explaining the possible mechanism of this cytokine in cutaneous lesions pathology in chromoblastomycosis and lacaziosis (Jorge Lobo's disease). The results of this investigation are a new hypothesis for ethiopatogenesis of these diseases: TGF-beta is a double effect that follows fibrosis and immunosuppression in local skin.