Prevalence of oral health-related shame and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of oral health-related shame and the associated factors among 8-to-10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 children randomly selected from public and private schools of Diamantina, southeastern Brazil. In order to identify the feeling of shame, self-reports were collected through a single question, "In the last month, did you feel ashamed because of your teeth or mouth? Two calibrated examiners performed the clinical examination for dental caries (DMFT/dmft index), traumatic dental injuries (O' Brien), and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Sociodemographic indicators were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the children's caregivers. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (95%CI; p < 0.05). The prevalence of shame was 38.1% (n = 148). The adjusted regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between shame and untreated dental caries (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.04-1.74; p = 0.02), age of 10 years (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76; p = 0.01), and with parents with less than eight years of schooling (PR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.00-1.68; p = 0.04). Older children with untreated dental caries and whose parents had lower education level presented a higher prevalence of oral health-related shame.

Scales for pain assessment in cervical dentin hypersensitivity: a comparative study / Escalas para avaliação da dor na hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical: um estudo comparativo

Abstract Background Currently, different pain scales are used extensively to measure clinical pain, especially in dental practice. Objective This study aims to compare pain scales used in clinical research and dental practice, identifying the easiest to understand by patients with Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity. Method Seventy-four patients with Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity were stimulated by a thermic test of the sensitive tooth, followed by application of different pain measurement scales (Visual Analogue Scale, Faces Pain Scales, Numeric Rating Scale, and Verbal Rating Scale) and by a questionnaire to evaluate the patient's perception regarding the ease of understanding scales. The statistic tests used were the Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation, and Chi-Square tests. Results The results founded a strong positive correlation between the scales (r = 0.798 to 0.960 p <0.001). The was easiest scale to understand according to the patients was the Verbal Rating Scale (52.7%). Conclusion The pain measurement scales evaluated provide similar information about pain reported in the Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity allowing the comparison between studies that used them to measure pain. The affinity of the patient with the pain scale can guide the clinical dental practice in the different levels of health care.

Resumo Introdução Atualmente, diferentes escalas têm sido utilizadas para medir a dor no contexto clínico, especialmente na prática odontológica. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as escalas de dor comumente utilizadas em pesquisas clínicas e na prática clínica odontológica, identificando as mais fáceis de serem compreendidas pelos pacientes com hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical. Método Setenta e quatro pacientes com hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical foram estimulados por um teste térmico para avaliação do dente sensível, seguido pela aplicação de diferentes escalas para avaliação de dor (Escala Visual Analógica, Faces de Dor, Escala Numérica e Escala Verbal) e de um questionário complementar para avaliar a percepção do paciente em relação à facilidade de compreensão das escalas. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de correlação de Wilcoxon, Spearman e Qui-Quadrado. Resultados Uma forte correlação positiva foi encontrada entre as quatro escalas avaliadas (r = 0,798 a 0,960; p < 0,001). De acordo com os pacientes, a escala de mais fácil compreensão foi a Escala Verbal (52,7%). Conclusão As escalas para mensuração da dor fornecem informações semelhantes sobre a dor relatada na hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical. A afinidade do paciente pela escala de dor pode direcionar a escolha da escala a ser utilizada na prática clínica odontológica nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde.

The role of the inspiratory muscle weakness in functional capacity in hemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory muscle function may be affected in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), further worsening the functional loss in these individuals. However, the impact of inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) on the functional capacity (FC) of hemodialysis patients remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of IMW on FC in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ESRD patients on hemodialysis treatment for more than six months were evaluated for inspiratory muscle strength and FC. Inspiratory muscle strength was evaluated based on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). IMW was defined as MIP values less than 70% of the predicted value. FC was evaluated using the Incremental Shuttle Walk test (ISWT). Patients whose predicted peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) over the distance walked during the ISWT was less than 16mL/kg/min were considered to have FC impairment. Associations between variables were assessed by linear and logistic regression, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), presence of diabetes and hemoglobin level. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine different cutoff values of the MIP for normal inspiratory muscle strength and FC. RESULTS: Sixty-five ERSD patients (67.7% male), aged 48.2 (44.5-51.9) years were evaluated. MIP was an independent predictor of the distance walked during the ISWT (R2 = 0.44). IMW was an independent predictor of VO2peak < 16mL/kg/min. (OR = 5.7; p = 0.048) in adjusted logistic regression models. ROC curves showed that the MIP cutoff value of 82cmH2O had a sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 93.7% in predicting normal inspiratory strength and a sensitivity and specificity of 76.3% and 70.4%, respectively, in predicting VO2peak ≥ 16mL/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: IMW is associated with reduced FC in hemodialysis patients. Evaluation of the MIP may be important to functional monitoring in clinical practice and can help in the stratification of patients eligible to perform exercise testing.

Prevalence of bruxism in undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bruxism in students at the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys in Brazil. The secondary objectives were to identify the factors associated with bruxism; prevalence of dental wear; and to distinguish the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction when present, and verify its relationship with bruxism. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-three students (106 males, 147 females) were clinically examined and answered a questionnaire. Trained researchers performed the dental wear evaluation. The incisal edge and occlusal surface were classified as follows: no wear, wear into enamel, wear into dentin, and extensive wear into dentin. Demographic data and factors related to bruxism were obtained by a questionnaire. The participants who presented dental wear and habit of clenching/grinding teeth were classified as bruxers. The data were analyzed by the SPSS program (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that 31.6% of the students had bruxism. Of the 7084 teeth evaluated, 376 (5.3%) had some type of facet wear. The teeth that had the highest prevalence of wear facets were the canines. Stress, muscle pain, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, and TMJ noise were significantly associated with bruxism (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of bruxism was 31.6% in this population. The factors most associated with bruxism were stress, muscle pain, TMJ pain, and TMJ noise.

Effectiveness of Three Desensitizing Dentifrices on Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

AIM: Cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) is defined as an acute pain of short duration that occurs in dentin exposed to the oral environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effi cacy of three desensitizing toothpastes (Sensodyne® Rapid-Relief, Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Relief, Nano P®) for immediate and intermediate-term relief of CDH, when compared with a control toothpaste (Cocoricó®). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients were enrolled in this clinical study. One hundred thirty-eight hypersensitive teeth were randomized into four groups according to the com- position of the desensitizing toothpaste tested: Group I) strontium acetate and calcium carbonate; II) calcium carbonate and arginine 8%; III) calcium phosphate nanoparticles; and IV) a control toothpaste. A split mouth design was used for one application each of the desensitizing dentifrices. Assessment of CDH was done by evaporative and cold stimuli at baseline, immediately, 24 hours and 30 days after the treatment. RESULTS: The toothpastes presented similar effectiveness and statistically significant improvement in 30 days compared to baseline. Group III showed statistically significant relief for cervical dentin hypersensitivity immediately after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The only toothpaste that presented immediate relief effect was the paste containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles in the form of hydroxyapatite.