ABSTRACT
Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been associated with several bovine vaccinia outbreaks in Brazil, affecting cattle and humans. There are no available data about VACV environmental circulation or the role of wildlife in the emergence of an outbreak. Since VACV was isolated from rodents in Brazil, we investigated shedding and transmission of VACV strains in mice. The VACV excretion profile was assessed by PCR and chicken chorioallantoic membrane infection, revealing viral DNA and infectious virus in the faeces and urine of intranasally infected mice. Horizontal transmission was assessed by exposure of sentinel mice to wood shavings contaminated with excrement, to mimic a natural infection. Sentinel mice showed orthopoxvirus antibodies, and VACV DNA and infectious virus were detected in their faeces and intestines, even after six rounds of natural transmission. Together, these data suggest that murine excrement could play a relevant role in VACV spread and transmission, perhaps helping to explain how these viruses circulate between their natural hosts.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Vaccinia virus/physiology , Vaccinia/transmission , Virus Shedding , Animals , Chick Embryo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Chorioallantoic Membrane/virology , DNA, Viral/analysis , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Feces/virology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Urine/virology , Vaccinia/pathology , Vaccinia/virology , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Vaccinia virus/isolation & purification , Vaccinia virus/pathogenicity , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Brazilian Vaccinia virus had been isolated from sentinel mice, rodents and recently from humans, cows and calves during outbreaks on dairy farms in several rural areas in Brazil, leading to high economic and social impact. Some phylogenetic studies have demonstrated the existence of two different populations of Brazilian Vaccinia virus strains circulating in nature, but little is known about their biological characteristics. Therefore, our goal was to study the virulence pattern of seven Brazilian Vaccinia virus strains. Infected BALB/c mice were monitored for morbidity, mortality and viral replication in organs as trachea, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, brain and spleen. Based on the virulence potential, the Brazilian Vaccinia virus strains were grouped into two groups. One group contained GP1V, VBH, SAV and BAV which caused disease and death in infected mice and the second one included ARAV, GP2V and PSTV which did not cause any clinical signals or death in infected BALB/c mice. The subdivision of Brazilian Vaccinia virus strains into two groups is in agreement with previous genetic studies. Those data reinforce the existence of different populations circulating in Brazil regarding the genetic and virulence characteristics.
Subject(s)
Vaccinia virus/pathogenicity , Animals , Brazil , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/virology , Disease Outbreaks , Humans , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vaccinia/epidemiology , Vaccinia/mortality , Vaccinia/veterinary , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Vaccinia virus/isolation & purification , Virulence/geneticsABSTRACT
O Diabetes Mellitus é considerado uma das doenças cônicas que gera um amplos espectro de lesões marco e microvasculares acarretando em alto índice de mortalidade e morbidade em longo prazo. O surgimento dessas complicações, como infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular encefálico, retinopatia diabética, nefropatia diabética, neuropatia periférica estão diretamente relacionadas ao controle glicêmico inadequado e associação com outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares não controlados. Dentre as possíveis causas para esta má adesão ao tratamento e consequente descontrole glicêmico podemos inferir alguns fatores principais como desconhecimento da doença e suas implicações, má adesão à dieta e atividade física, associação com outros problemas de saúde, falta de condições econômicas para adesão ao tratamento adequado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo otimizar o acompanhamento dos pacientes diabéticos no município de Delfim Moreira na Estratégia Saúde da Família Ação e Participação visando um melhor controle glicêmico agindo diretamente nas possíveis causas de má adesão. Para contribuir na elaboração do projeto de intervenção foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com a finalidade de levantar as evidências já existentes sobre o problema objeto deste trabalho. O projeto de intervenção foi elaborado seguindo os passos do planejamento estratégico situacional. Espera-se que as ações que integram o projeto venha contribuir na otimização do acompanhamento dos diabéticos por meio da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso
